...Major health problems in india : Major health problems in india communicable disease problem population problem environmental sanitation problem medical care problem nutritional problem COMMUNITY NUTRITION PROGRAMMES: INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICE (ICDS) SCHEME : Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) scheme was launched on 2nd October, 1975 (5th Five year Plan) in pursuance of the National Policy For Children started in 33 experimental blocks Success of the scheme led to its expansion to 2996 projects by the end of March 1994. Now the goal (Ninth Five Year Plan ) is universalization of ICDS throughout the country. Beneficiaries : Beneficiaries 1. Children below 6 years 2. Pregnant and lactating women 3. Women in the age group of 15-44 years 4. Adolescent girls in selected blocks Objectives : 1. Improve the nutrition and health status of children in the age group of 0-6 years 2. Lay the foundation for proper psychological, physical and social development of the child 3. Effective coordination and implementation of policy among the various departments 4. Enhance the capability of the mother to look after the normal health and nutrition needs through proper nutrition and health education. The Package of services provided by ICDS : 1. Supplementary nutrition, Vitamin-A, Iron and Folic Acid 2. Immunization 3. Health check-ups 4. Referral services 5. Treatment of minor illnesses 6. Nutrition and health education to women 7. Pre-school...
Words: 1307 - Pages: 6
...involved in the implementation of mid day meals in India. 2. AIM OF THE STUDY: An analytical study on the operational feasibility and challenges of providing mid day meals in India. 3. RATIONALE AND BACKGROUND FOR THE STUDY: The national program for nutritional support for primary children also known as the mid day meal program is one of the largest welfare programs in India and one of the only programs aimed at reducing hunger from the age group of 6-12 and increase the attendance in the primary education system. There are two models, which is the centralized model, and the decentralized model and it has been observed that most states are shifting towards the centralized approach; The program has been active since 1995 but there are still major cases of nutrition deficiency, anaemia, lack of vitamin A and iodine among many children in the country. (Rani & Sharma) A research work carried out by the centre for equity studies Delhi states that: - The drawbacks of the centralised approach include lack of employment, increased risk of food spoilage, no community participation, and lack of transparency; hence a research will be done to determine the effectiveness and viability of this approach and its comparison with the decentralized and handmade approach to food. (Natasha, 2010) 4. OUTLINES OF THE THEORY/IES UNDERPINNING YOUR RESEARCH: In 2004 the government initiated the mid day meals program to provide meals to primary school children, the...
Words: 805 - Pages: 4
...The Black Money Bill-During the Budget Session, Parliament passed the Black Money (Undisclosed Foreign Income and Assets) and Imposition of Tax Bill, 2015 -30% tax on undisclosed income or the value of an undisclosed asset held abroad by a resident assessee, starting from assessment year 2016–17 (tax year 2015–16) -tough penalties and jail terms on Indian residents’ unaccounted incomes and wealth holding in foreign locations that have avoided the taxman’s scrutiny - it applies only to illegal money held or earned abroad, though there is the promise of a separate bill for unaccounted/unreported incomes held in different forms within the country. -Implementing the law, of course, requires identifying undisclosed income stashed or invested in a foreign location. That, as past experience reveals, is neither easy nor rigorously pursued -the Black Money Bill seems to be just another headline-grabbing effort at making a show that the NDA government is keeping to its campaign promise of bringing back black money held abroad by Indians -it is not the weakness of the law that results in the accumulation of the black money, but the failure of the monitoring and prosecuting mechanism to prevent the generation of illegal incomes and identify tax evasion even on legally earned incomes -In fact, the way the tax laws and the system are structured, merely unearthing what is black and making it white would not, in itself, make much difference to the nature and the outcome of India’s...
Words: 1925 - Pages: 8
...MADHYA PRADESH HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION SUMMER INTERNSHIP -2012 TOPIC: HUMAN RIGHTS- RIGHT TO FOOD ACKNOWLEDGMENT I owe a great many thanks to a great many people who helped and supported me during the preparation of this project. My deepest thanks to the Deputy Secretary Mr. Kuldeep Jain, the guide of the project for guiding and correcting various documents of my research with due attention and care. He has taken to go through the project and make necessary changes as and when needed. I also thank other staff and members of MPHRC for extending their support whenever I was in need of it. My deep sense of gratitude to my institute, National Law Unversity, Odisha for providing me with the opportunity to work at such a brilliant institution in the field of Human Rights. Thanks and appreciation to my co-internees at MPHRC for their support. Introduction The right to food is a human right. It protects the right of all human beings to live in dignity, free from hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition. The right to food is not about charity, but about ensuring that all people have the capacity to feed themselves in dignity. The right to food is protected under international human rights and humanitarian law and the correlative state obligations are equally well-established under international law. The right to food is recognized in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), as well as a...
Words: 3983 - Pages: 16
...Since the older times, women have been treated as second rate citizens of all across the globe. The situation is almost the same everywhere-irrespective of the developed country or the developing country-caste, community, colour or creed a position which is comparable in many ways, with that of racial minorities. Women have been relegated to secondary position despite the fact that they numerically constitute about half the world population today. This situation has caused immense loss to their self-dignity as human beings and also their independent entities, associated with men, apart from other matter, in context with intellectual and professional capability. In the very beginning of civilization, women enjoyed a respectable position in society-at par with men. They actively participated in social, religious affairs as well as in warfare. The social, religious ceremonies were considered incomplete unless women participated in them. However, it was their physical constitution which acted as hurdles on the way to doing their various different difficult tasks. Gradually, they became dependent on men for food, protection for their other necessities. It was due to the strong built-up of men they risked their lives in course of hunting and food collection. It is really ironical that superiority is not accorded to the fair sex who are responsible for carrying forward lives on this planet but to men who have muscle power with the help of which they can subjugate others. Later, woman...
Words: 5596 - Pages: 23
...Onor O’Neill Right to food is indeed a laudable national commitment, it’s apt to remember that ensuring food security to the impoverished million in this country is not a government charity but a Constitutional mandate of the States. Article 21 of the Indian Constitution provides that ‘no person shall be deprived of his life and liberty except according to the procedure established by law’. It has received the widest possible interpretations. Under the canopy of Article 21 of the Constitution, so many rights have found shelter, growth and nourishment.1 While interpreting the dimensions of life and liberty guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution, the Supreme Court in Chameli Singh V. State of 1 P.M.Bakshi, The Constitution of India,...
Words: 4796 - Pages: 20
...My dear fellow-citizens, Brothers, sisters and dear children, I greet you all on this Independence Day. Today is certainly a day of joy for us. But on this celebration of independence we also feel pain in our hearts that our brothers and sisters in uttrakhand had to face devastation about two months back. Our deepest sympathies are with all the families that suffered loss of life or property. I want to assure the people of Uttarakhand today that the whole country stands with them in this moment of crisis. Our government is working with all the resources at its command to rehabilitate those whose houses have been destroyed and rebuild damaged infrastructure. Our army, paramilitary forces and numerous officers and staff of the Central and State governments worked in difficult conditions in partnership with the common people to perform an outstanding task in providing relief to those who were stranded. We especially pay homage to the officers and men of the Air Force, ITBP and NDRF who sacrificed their lives to save others. We are also deeply pained that we lost the submarine, INS Sindurakshak in an accident yesterday. Eighteen brave sailors are feared to have lost their lives. The accident is all the more painful because the Navy had recently achieved two major successes in the form of its first nuclear submarine, INS Arihant and the aircraft carrier, INS Vikrant. We pay homage to the brave hearts we have lost. We also congratulate the Navy on its successes. Brothers and...
Words: 2966 - Pages: 12
...ECONOMICS TERM PAPER Theme: Health expenditure by Government in India Title: Health care and expenditure: an analysis of Indian Government’s Welfarism Name: Prakhil Mishra Semester : IV Roll no.: 13BAL027 Table of contents Sr.No. | Content | Page number | 1 | Abstract | 03 | 2 | Introduction | 04 | 3 | Why health expenditure is important | 04 | 4 | Trends in public spending | 05 | 5 | Core areas of spending | 10 | 6 | Conclusion and critical comments | 11 | 7 | Learning outcomes | 12 | 8 | Bibliography | 12 | Abstract Healthcare is a prime indicator of the development in a country. It is the basic function of a state to look after the needs of its citizens pertaining to health and nutrition. In India, there are high numbers of malnourished and undernourished people, and most of them are children under the age of fourteen. Health expenditure in India is a holistic approach of the government as a welfare state to ensure proper distribution at highly subsidized rates for the resource less people. The paper deliberates upon the government spending on health (Where it spends and how much it spends) and tracing of the changing trends in entailment of expenditure. Key matter of contention includes: * Introduction to public spending on health * Why spending on health is important * Changing trends in public spending on health and family welfare * Core areas where spending is done: analysis with the help of laws * Conclusion and critical analysis Key...
Words: 3676 - Pages: 15
...Why India cut down on calories as it grew (The Indian Paradox) As Indian economy grows, data broadly shows a fall in calorie consumption. By Hyacinth Zia The Indian economy has recently grown at historically unprecedented rates and is now one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. Real GDP per head grew at 3.95% a year from 1980 to 2005, and at 5.4% a year from 2000 to 2005. Measured at international prices, real per capita income in India, which was two-thirds of Kenya’s in 1950, and about the same as Nigeria’s, is now two and a half times as large as per capita income in both countries. Real per capita consumption has also grown rapidly, at 2.2% a year in the 1980s, at 2.5% a year in the 1990s, and at 3.9% a year from 2000 to 2005. Although the household survey data show much slower rates of per capita consumption growth than do these national accounts...
Words: 1319 - Pages: 6
...the whole of India and “shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette appoint, and different dates may be appointed for different States and different provisions of this Act”. 2. Entitlements Public Distribution System (TPDS) Priority households are entitled to 5 kgs of foodgrains per person per month, and Antyodaya households to 35 kgs per household per month. The combined coverage of Priority and Antyodaya households (called “eligible households”) shall extend “up to 75% of the rural population and up to 50% of the urban population”. The PDS issue prices are given in Schedule I: Rs 3/2/1 for rice/wheat/millets (actually called “coarse grains” in the Bill). These may be revised after three years. Children’s Entitlements For children in the age group of 6 months to 6 years, the Bill guarantees an age-appropriate meal, free of charge, through the local anganwadi. For children aged 6-14 years, one free mid-day meal shall be provided every day (except on school holidays) in all schools run by local bodies, government and government aided schools, up to Class VIII. For children below six months, “exclusive breastfeeding shall be promoted”. Children who suffer from malnutrition will be identified through the local anganwadi and meals will be provided to them free of charge “through the local anganwadi”. Entitlements of Pregnant and Lactating Women Every pregnant and lactating mother is entitled to a free meal at the...
Words: 1380 - Pages: 6
...1990s due to the implementation of the WTO agreement, it was at the cost of non price factors like research and extension, irrigation and credit. Aided by fluctuating rainfall, undeveloped irrigation facilities, groundwater depletion and the absence of a sign of a second green revolution along with a sharp decline in agricultural productivity in states like Punjab and Haryana gave an impression of a depressing scenario with agricultural growth, amounting to only 1.6% per annum. However there have been positive developments in the last decade with the introduction of new policies and initiatives by the government which have led to an emergence of a positive picture with growth now 3.5% per annum. POLICIES The turning point came with the Mid-Term Appraisal of the Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-03 to 2006-07), which reviewed the trend in agriculture and proposed steps to address the malaise. * First, the Union Budget allowed for increase in allocations for departments concerned with development and research of agriculture, animal husbandry,...
Words: 1034 - Pages: 5
...Food Security Bill, 2013. Aim: The primary objective of the bill is to guarantee cheap food grain to nearly 70% of India’s 1.2 billion people. The broader aim is to alleviate chronic hunger and poverty in India. Why it’s important: India accounts for a third of the world’s poor, the World Bank said earlier this year. Almost half of the country’s children under five are classed as chronically malnourished, and more than a third of Indians aged 15 to 49 are undernourished, according to India’s National Family Health Survey in 2006, the latest data available. Who it affects: The bill, if passed, would provide subsidized food grain to 75% of India’s estimated 833 million rural population and 50% of an estimated 377 million urban population. Under the program, beneficiaries can get a total of five kilograms of subsidized rice, wheat and coarse grains a month. These can be bought at prices ranging from one to three rupees (approximately two to five U.S. cents) a kilogram, far cheaper than market rates of 20 to 25 rupees. How it works: The state-run Food Corporation of India will distribute subsidized grains through a nationwide network of “fair price shops.” In 2011, the latest year for which government data are available, the FCI ran more than 505,000 fair price shops in India. Cost: The government says it will spend about $4 billion a year on the program. More In Food-Security-Bill * ‘GM Crops Won’t Solve India’s Food Crisis’ * No More Business Class for Indian Bureaucrats...
Words: 4924 - Pages: 20
...Essential Services Food Security in India: Performance, Challenges and Policies S. Mahendra Dev Alakh N. Sharma Oxfam India working papers series September 2010 OIWPS - VII Abstract This paper examines performance, challenges, and policies in food security in terms of availability, access, and absorption or nutrition. Specifically, the paper addresses the following questions: (i) What is the progress in supply side of food in terms of availability at the national level? (ii) How far has India progressed in attaining access to food and nutrition requirements at the household level? (iii) What are the programmes and policies that India has followed in realizing food and nutrition security? (iv) What should be done to realize food and nutrition security for all citizens of India? Food availability is a necessary condition for food security. India is more or less self sufficient in cereals but deficit in pulses and oilseeds. Due to changes in consumption patterns, demand for fruits, vegetables, dairy, meat, poultry, and fisheries has been increasing. There is need to increase crop diversification and improve allied activities. It may be noted that the slowdown in agriculture growth could be attributed to structural factors on the supply side, such as public investment, credit, technology, land and water management, etc., rather than globalization and trade reforms per se. Access to food can be increased through employment due to growth in labour intensive sectors and/or...
Words: 17776 - Pages: 72
...monthly grain quota of 7 kg per person , translating into an aggregate annual requirement of roughly 42 mt. Besides priority households, the bill also seeks to cover another 29% of rural and 22% of urban population under the general category. For these additional 33 crore people, they are entitled for monthly quota of 3 kg per person translating into 12mt making a total of 54 mt. The government also plans to provide fortified packaged food to children under the law by stipulating strict guidelines for levels of micronutrients contained in the meals to be provided to children. FOCUS ON SPECIFIC MATTERS MALNUTRITION : if the malnourished in India formed a country, it would be the world’s fifth largest- almost the size of Indonesia. According to FAO, approx 238 million Indians are undernourished. FSB seeks to provide nutritional guarantee for pregnant women and community kitchens for the destitute, migrants and others through mid day meal scheme and hence malnutrition could be decreased. The bill provides a maternity benefit of rs 1000 per month for six months. The three major components of sustainable food security are 1. Availability of food in the market, which is a function of internal production and if necessary imports 2. Access to food, which is a function of adequate purchasing power and 3. Absorption of food in the body, which is a function of clean drinking water, sanitation and primary...
Words: 534 - Pages: 3
...Positive discrimination programme emerged in India, starting in the early decades of the 20th century, and was subsequently given a constitutional basis in 1950. There are at least three aspects of the Indian experience of ‘positive discrimination’ that are distinctive and significant. Firstly, positive discrimination (PD) in India predates affirmative action in the United States by several decades: claims for ‘reservations’ or quotas in education and employment were first made in the late 19th century, and the earliest quotas date back to the 1920s in Mysore and also in the Madras and Bombay Presidencies. Secondly, there is an important difference between the American policy of preferential treatment and the Indian policy which relies primarily on reservations through quotas. Thirdly, Indian policies of PD are primarily located in the educational, political and administrative domains, and have not yet been legislated for the corporate sector (as in Malaysia) or for civil society organisations. PD in India is directed at members of the Scheduled Castes (SCs), the Scheduled Tribes (STs), and more recently members of the ‘other backward classes’ (OBCs), with the possibility of including Muslims also being mooted. The underlying assumption in respect of religious minorities was that the democratic principle of equality is...
Words: 1668 - Pages: 7
