...Law 252 Business Torts — Week One Course Reading Assignment 1 Part One: The "borderland" between tort and contract. Sommer v, Federal Signal Corp., 79 N.Y.2d 540 (1992); IKEA North American Services, Inc. v. Northeast Graphics, Inc., 56 F.Supp.2d 340 (S.D.N.Y. 1999). Part Two: Introduction to the economic loss doctrine. Grams v. Milk Products, Inc., 283 Wis.2d 511 (2005). ' I have edited the cases in this attachment. Le • ' 593 N.E.2d 1365 79 N.Y.2d 540, 593 N.E.2d 1365, 583 N.Y.S2d 957 • (Cite as: 79 N.Y.2d 540, 593 N.E.2d 1365, 583 N.Y.S.2d 957) Page I .'Sommer v. Federal Signal Corp. N.Y.,1992. Court of Appeals of New York. Beverly SOMMER et al., Respondents-Appellants, v. FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION et Respondents-Appellants, andHohnes Protection, Inc., Appellant-Respondent, et al, Defendant (And a Third-Party Action and All Related Consolidated Actions.) May 12,1992. OPINION OF THE COURT KAYE, Judge. substitute-initially understood that 810 wanted normal service restored. But as the brief conversation proceeded, the dispatcher became confused by the caller's repeated insistence that he would "activate" the system and the dispatcher concluded-without attempting to elicit greater clarification from the caller, or any other confirmation-that 810 wanted its system taken out ofservice. Seven to nine minutes later, Holmes began receiving fire signals from the building. However, consistent with his mistaken impression that the system was to be taken out...
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...Contents Executive Summary………………………………………………………………3 Chemical Name…………………………………………………………………….3 Physical Properties……………………………………………………………….4 Common Uses……………………………………………………………………….5 Exposure Limits…………………………………………………………………….6 Toxicokinetics……………………………………………………………………….6 Acute Effects…………………………………………………………………………7 Chronic Effects………………………………………………………………………8 Personal Protective Equipment……………………………………………..9 Industrial Hygiene sampling………………………………………………..10 Reference……………………………………………………………………………11 Safety Data Sheet ……..……………………………………………………….13 Chemical Name and Executive Summary The chemical I chose to write my paper about is Polychlorinated biphenyl or PCB. Polychlorinated biphenyls were manufactured from 1929 until it was banned in 1979. PCB’s were used in hundreds of things because of their non-flammability, chemical stability, high boiling point, and electrical insulating characteristics. PCB’s range in form from light oil to a heavy wax. The largest producer of PCB was the Monsanto Corporation who marketed it under the trade name, Aroclor. For years and years PCB was thought as a chemical who had unlimited advantages to human life and no negative consequences. It was used any way possible and was discharged just the same way. Many people simply discarded it into rivers, waterways, and landfills. It wasn’t until 1960s when the world began to question the health consequences of using PCB. In the late 1960s there was a highly publicized poisoning case in Japan and...
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...1. ENVIRONMENT 2.1 What are the important environmental problems in Mongolia today? 2.2 What are the biggest changes in the environment in Mongolia? 2.3 How can we solve some of the environmental problems in UB? 1.1 What are the important environmental problems in Mongolia today? The environment is everything around us. It is the air, water, land, climates and so on. A clean, well balanced environment has far reaching effects over all life forms and mankind. However, Mongolians can’t keep the environmental balance in recent times. Thus, it is causing serious negative effects such as air and water pollution, deforestation, desertification and land degradation. I think that the worst problems now affecting Mongolia are pollution and deforestation. People say that Mongolia was called ‘A land of blue sky’ in 1970s. Nowadays, air pollution is one of the facing issues to our country, especially the capital city. Thermal power plants, ger district, and old vehicle smoke are the main factors to pollute air. Air pollution in UB is increasing year after year. Especially in winter time, smoke produced by the ger districts represents 60 percent. The present survey shows that Ulaanbaatar is one of the most polluted cities in the world and its harmful elements are 10 times higher than the Mongolian Air Quality Standards and 6-7 times higher than the World Health Organization targets. Water pollution is one of the important environmental problems in Mongolia because...
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...Water – The India Story March 23, 2009 1 Table of Contents Summary Global Water Situation – A Snapshot Water in India Innovative Water Management Initiatives 2 Freshwater rich regions across the globe are projected to face water scarcity if current reserves are not managed effectively Global Freshwater Scenario Global Freshwater reserves are rapidly depleting and this is expected to significantly impact many densely populated areas of the world Low to middle income developing regions as well as highly developed countries will face water stress in the future, unless existing water reserves are managed effectively • Although low and middle income developing countries currently have low per capita water consumption, rapid growth in population and inefficient use of water across sectors is expected to lead to a water shortage in the future • Developed countries traditionally have high per capita water consumption and need to focus on reducing their consumption through improved water management techniques and practices By 2025, India, China and select countries in Europe and Africa will face water scarcity if adequate and sustainable water management initiatives are not implemented Freshwater Situation in India Traditionally, India has been well endowed with large Freshwater reserves, but the increasing population and overexploitation of surface and groundwater over the past few decades has resulted in water scarcity in some regions ...
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...Prepared for: Dr. David Conner (Department of CARRS) Dr. Dale Rozeboom (Animal Science) Prepared by: Victoria Campbell-Arvai Department of CARRS, Michigan State University August 17, 2009 Literature Review: A Comparison of Dairy Production Systems SUMMARY This literature review focused on studies comparing the effects of dairy production systems (pasture-based, conventional/confinement1, and mixed) on (i) environmental issues, (ii) social issues, (iii) economic issues, (iv) human health issues, and (v) animal welfare issues. The review was based on peer-reviewed research papers identified by experts at MSU, as well as (where specifically suggested) non peer-reviewed university and government reports. Additional studies were identified from the reference section of recommended papers, as well as via their citation index (primarily Google Scholar). A synopsis of each section is available below, as well as at the end of each section. There is a great deal of research –much of it based in the United States- on the environmental effects of all types of dairy farming, including intensive/confinement, mixed, pasture-based, and management-intensive rotational grazing (MIRG) operations. The vast majority of studies identified for this review focused on the fate and management of excess nitrogen and phosphorous, their effects on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and contributions to air quality and climate change. Many environmental mitigation efforts were suggested, including...
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...VIETNAM: FOOD PROCESSING In the past 15 years Vietnam was grown from a net importer of food to a substantial exporter. It is the world's second most important exporter of rice, and the world's largest coffee exporter and producer of cashew nuts. Tea, peppers, nuts and spices have become important exports. Rice and coffee account for about half of agricultural export revenues. Soybeans, cashews, sugar cane, peanuts, bananas, poultry, fish and seafood are growing. Vietnam's agricultural exports are vulnerable to international price fluctuations because these exports are largely commodity based. Vietnam's agricultural fishing and forestry industries together produce over US$3 billion of goods annually. Roughly 55% of Vietnam's workforce is employed in agriculture. Commensurate with economic development, the sector had gone from a 25% share of GDP to less than 20% in 2008. Farm products accounted for 22% of the country's income in 2008, down sharply from 50% in 2005. Finally 17% of all of its exports are related to the agricultural, fisheries or food processing industries, down from 55% in 2006. Despite the trend, agriculture will continue to be very important as it raises the productivity of the 70% of Vietnam's population that lives in rural areas. Traditionally, Vietnam has protected agricultural market with regulations and high tariffs. Vietnam's WTO accession reduced tariffs and led to sharp increases in imports ($7.3 billion in agricultural goods by 2008). Key agricultural...
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...M&M’s Brand Case Study Update Prepared By: Alana Allred, Nate Matthewson, Arianna Mevs, April Seeley & Krystal Simpson 2008: History of the Organization Mars Snackfood U.S. proclaims Green the new color of love this Valentine’s Day. M&M’s used myths, rumors, and innuendo surrounding Green M&M’s Chocolate Candies. Ms. Green used her alluring ways to promote M&M’s Chocolate Candies as green interrupted the pink and red of traditional Valentine’s Day colors. After Valentine’s Day at the end of February 2008, M&M’s Brand introduced M&M’s Wildly Cherry Chocolate Candies marking the first time the brand used cherry fruit flavoring. M&M’s also released limited edition M&M’s Mint Crisp Chocolate Candies, in conjunction with the new movie Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull. 2008 also brought the announcement of personalized M&M’s Chocolate Candies. Consumers can now visit mymms.com and upload photos to be combined with custom messages creating personalized candies for birthdays, weddings and more. M&M’s Brand released Limited Edition Strawberried Peanut Butter Chocolate Candies to celebrate the release of Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen. M&M’s Brand releases Pretzel M&M’s. 2010: Orange Candy Spokesman becomes the new official M&M’s Pretzel Chocolate Candies Spokesman, featured in advertisements and on packaging with an x-ray image showing its pretzel center. 2009:  2012: Ms. Brown makes her debut during the Superbowl. Original Milk Chocolate joins...
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...Term Paper Topic- Value Chain Organization – PRAN Product – PRAN Choco Choco Submitted to Shawkat Kamal Assistant Professor BRAC BUSINESS SCHOOL, BRAC University. Submitted By Anesat Jahan MD. Shahidul Islam Sumaiya Hossain Khawza Moinuddin Zannat Tahera Lamia Shafiqul Islam Sutirtha Letter of Transmittal July 26, 2011 Shawkat Kamal Assistant Professor BRAC BUSINESS SCHOOL, BRAC University. Subject: Submission of Project Report Dear Sir, With great pleasure we are submitting our report on “The Value chain management of PRAN CHOCO CHOCO”, that you have assigned us as an important requirement of MGT401 course. We have found the study to be quite interesting & beneficial. We have tried our best to follow your guidelines in every aspect on our report. We have collected what seems to be most important information to make our report as specific and coherent as possible. We are earnestly thankful to you for your guidance during the preparation of this report. We hope you will appreciate our combined effort put forth hereby. Thanking You. Anesat Jahan MD. Shahidul Islam Sumaiya Hossain Khawza Moinuddin Zannat Tahera Lamia Shafiqul Islam Sutirtha ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all we are graceful to almighty Allah for giving us the power to finish our term paper with a well established way and at a perfect or schedule time period. To make a report it needs a lot of information, effort, link, members’ coordination and so on...
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...1.3: Evaluate appropriate sources of finance for a business project 7 Task 2.1: Analyze costs of different sources of finance 10 Task 2.2: The importance of financial planning 12 Task 2.3: The information needs for financing decisions required by managers 13 Task 2.4: The impact of finance on the financial statements 15 References 18 Company background: Established in 2001 and officially went into operation in 2003, Dairy Products Joint Stock Company Hanoi (Hanoimilk) has grown to become the leading enterprises of the dairy industry. Currently, the company is gradually controlling the the market and maintain the confidence of consumers with branded dairy products IZZI, Yotuti, Hanoimilk 100% fresh milk. With modern production lines and equipment, innovative technology, excellent staff and enthusiastic, Hanoimilk constantly improving the quality control of raw material purchasing processes and production to provide consumers with safety products with valuable source of nutrition each day. [pic] Task 1.1: Identify all the possible sources of finance available to the firm A) Share capital: Share capital is a form of equity. It is a capital account that exchange for the right to run a company. People with more shares, the higher power. Investing in a company that holds stock form is a pretty common thing in today's marketplace. The issuance of additional shares as well as resources that companies often think of first when you want...
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.........................3 Implementation of Operation Flood .................................................4 Sustainability ...............................................................................4 2. Key Players in the Field The Indo-Dutch Group Other Players ...........................................................................5 ....................................................................5 .............................................................................6 3. Production Impact of Operation Flood ....................................................7 Background ................................................................................7 Evidence of Increase in Milk Production ..........................................7 Causes of Growth in Milk production ...............................................10 4. Socio Economic Impact of Operation Flood ............................................13 The Evidence ...............................................................................14 Why was OF considered appropriate for the Poorest? .....................15 Constraints faced by the landless...
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...Mr. Scott Byron Freeman Compensation & Benefits Management, BUS4343 Holland Enterprises Benefit & Compensation Analysis Instructor: Jason Sheedy Tuesday April 11, 2011 Holland Enterprises Benefit & Compensation Analysis The purpose of this analysis is to review the current status of Holland Enterprises benefits program including the current philosophy, pay structure, base pay incentive, external versus internal equity, and principle benefits. Recognizing the current employee loss rate and understanding the results of the exit interviews; this analysis will give answer to why employees are leaving. This plan will also create a process that will sustain employment levels while creating a positive employee growth rate. The reasons and development process created for Holland Enterprises will attract and hold the type of employee that will allow them to be successful in the future. Current Status of Holland Enterprises Holland Enterprises is a company that currently employs 3,500 employees. Although this is a high number it needs to be understood that the company has actually lost 25% of the staff since 2007. At that time the personnel count was approximately 4,667 employees. When workers ended their time of service with the company exit interviews were held. The top reason given for leaving the establishment for other options was that the compensation and benefits offered by the Holland Enterprises were not competitive with other companies recruiting like-minded...
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...Executive Summary The following document provides a Project Charter for the Ottawa– Carleton Water Park to be developed by KLSJ Consulting. The charter describes the background and objectives for the project and explains the strategy behind the project management structure proposed by KLSJ Consulting. To meet the proposed targets, approval of this Project Charter by the owners of Carlington Aquatic Parks is required within 30 calendar days from the date of this report. The management philosophy for the project is as follows: KLSJ Consulting will manage the design, development, and construction of the park. KLSJ will hand over operations to the operations management team before the official opening. Carlington Aquatic Parks will retain approval authority for all critical design, marketing, and financial decisions throughout the project. Project team resources include the Project Manager, Project Leader (Design and Construction), Team Leader (Legal), and Team Leader (Financial) as well as a Risk Manager. The design and construction team also includes three junior members for the construction period. A contracted firm overseen by the Project Manager will carry out marketing. The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) shown in Appendix A describes the high-level activities and schedule for the project, with the top two levels showing phases and then functions within each phase. Subsequent planning activities will breakdown these categories further into tasks. In some cases project...
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...Executive Summary My project is on country analysis of Israel focused on its agriculture sector. This project includes collecting information of agriculture activity of Israel, Israel’s geography, main agricultural products produced in Israel etc. but main purpose of this project is to doing a S.W.O.T Analysis of Israel’s agriculture sector to identified its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. This report includes how Israel makes their agriculture sector superior in compare to world’s other countries. 1|Page 1. Overview of Israel’s Agriculture Israel’s agriculture is characterized by high technological level, pressure irrigation systems, automatic and controlled mechanization and high quality seeds and plants. Israel meets most of its food requirements through domestic production to produce over 5 million tons of field crops, 1.15 billion liters of milk, 1.6 billion eggs and 1.2 billion flowers for export (Ministry of Agriculture, 2006). The total area of arable land is 377,300 hectares with 78% under cultivation. Water scarcity is the main limiting factor in Israeli agriculture and the country depends on irrigation to increase its crop yields; about 50% of the land is irrigated. Of the 1,129 million cubic meters (MCM) of water used by agriculture per year, some 30% of agricultural water is treated wastewater (TWW) for drip irrigation of orchards and non-food crops, while another 16% is saline water. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural...
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...DAIRY REPORTS DAIRY DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN DAIRY REPORTS DAIRY DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN Umm e Zia, T. Mahmood and M.R. Ali FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2011 Author Umm e Zia is the Managing Director of Cynosure Consultants in Islamabad. She has supported international donors and governments in undertaking rural development and agriculture value chain projects in over ten countries. T. Mahmood is a dairy consultant based in Lahore, Pakistan. He also serves as a visiting faculty member at the University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. Muhammad Raza Ali is Senior Research Associate at Cynosure Consultants. Recommended Citation FAO. 2011. Dairy development in Pakistan, by Umm e Zia, T. Mahmood and M.R. Ali. Rome. Keywords Production systems, Dairy value chain, Dairy institutions, Product safety, Livelihoods, Employment The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are...
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...I. Introduction: Chinese cuisine is served anywhere , even in our own homes. Even at our simple gatherings we usually include Chinese cuisine in our entrails. Chinese cuisine is introduced in the Philippines as early as the 10th century. From appetizers to main curses like dim sums, noodles, meat dishes like sweet and sour, asado, roasted and many more. We Filipinos love to eat Chinese foods. Most Filipinos loved Chinese foods because Chinese influences them to their cuisine. Filipino cuisine is influenced principally by China, Spain, and the United States, integrated into the pre-colonial indigenous Filipino cooking practices. When restaurants were established in the 19th century, Chinese food became a staple of the pansiterias, with the food given Spanish names. The "comida China" Chinese food includes arroz caldo rice and chicken gruel, and morisqueta tostada fried rice. When the Spaniards came, the food influences they brought were from both Spain and Mexico, as it was through the vice-royalty of Mexico that the Philippines were governed.In the Philippines, trade with China started in the 11th century, as documents show, but it is conjectured that undocumented trade may have started even two centuries earlier. Trade pottery excavated in Laguna, for example, includes pieces dating to the Tang Dynasty. The Chinese trader supplied the silks sent to Mexico and Spain in the galleon trade. In return they took back products of field, forest - beeswax...
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