...The Law and School Vouchers July 24, 2013 Grand Canyon University: EDA 555 The Law and School Vouchers School choice is a very controversial topic and aggressively disputed today. There are various types of choices which provide many educational opportunities. Can parents afford it? School vouchers are only one choice in this divisive topic. No matter which side of the issue regarding vouchers you agree with, people are very passionate about it. Texas has been trying for years to pass it in Congress; however, it has not passed. There are many pros and cons regarding this topic. First of all, there are many choices for parents today to provide educational opportunities for their children according Chen (2011). There are the public schools. These are schools which require no tuition and the students are zoned to that particular school in their district. Charter schools are another option. They are free, public schools established independently. They are not subject to the same state and federal requirements, but they are held to a high accountability. Parents can request this option. Magnet schools are also free, public schools. They have a specific focus such as science or art. In order to qualify to attend this school, the student may have to take a test and have satisfactory behavior. Another type of school is the virtual school. This is distance learning and learning at your own pace. It has strict government and district...
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...school funding. Rulings such as the Lemon Test and separation of church and state will impact decisions that can potentially result in litigation and court rulings dictating educational decisions. In his work regarding educational trends, Kenneth Stevenson (2010) stated, “a continuing recession, escalating political polarization, rising racial/ethnic tensions, a growing national debt, and a widening divide between the haves and the have nots portend a future fraught with unprecedented challenges to and clashes over the form and substance of public education in America” (p.1). Analysis of the Lemon Test The Lemon Test was created by Chief Justice Warren Berger as a result of the court case Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971) and is based on the principles stated in Everson v. Board of Education. The case of Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971) centered on Rhode Island’s Salary Supplement Act. This act approved a salary supplement of up to fifteen percent for teachers who taught secular subjects in private religious schools or non-public elementary schools. The courts determined that approximately twenty-five percent of Rhode Island’s students attended non-public schools. Furthermore, ninety-five percent of the parochial schools were Roman Catholic. Pennsylvania offered a similar program that reimbursed non-public schools for expenses related to...
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...against the chlorine-resistant parasite, cryptosporidium which Public Water Bureau of Portland believe to be non-existent in the pristine waters of the Bull Run. About 25 percent of the water rate increases is tied to the Environmental Protection Agency's mandates that Portland deal with cryptosporidium which the City of Portland initially contested but lost. The argument of Portland city authorities is that the city’s water which is drawn from the pristine Bull Run watershed which is pure and clean and does not need any expensive treatment to eliminate any pathogens which evidently is not present in the water.[4] The EPA is however not taking any chances due to the fact that this waterborne pathogen sickened 403,000 and killed 69 in Milwaukee in 1993, but has not surfaced in any U.S. cities since that incidence.[5] Despite the fact that water quality is a major component of the human right to water, these price increases threaten to put the affordability of water and sewer services higher, making it difficult for poor households...
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...State versus Private Ownership Andrei Shleifer Department of Economics Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts. Abstract Private ownership should generally be preferred to public ownership when the incentives to innovate and to contain costs must be strong. In essence, this is the case for capitalism over socialism, explaining the "dynamic vitality" of free enterprise. The great economists of the 1930s and 1940s failed to see the dangers of socialism in part because they focused on the role of prices under socialism and capitalism, and ignored the enormous importance of ownership as the source of capitalist incentives to innovate. Moreover, many of the concerns that private firms fail to address “social goals” can be addressed through government contracting and regulation, without resort to government ownership. The case for private provision only becomes stronger when competition between suppliers, reputational mechanisms, the possibility of provision by private not-for-profit firms, as well as political patronage and corruption, are brought into play. 1 What kinds of goods and services should be provided by government employees as opposed to private firms? Should government workers make steel and cars in government-owned factories? Should teachers and doctors be publicly employed or should they work for private schools and practices? Should garbage be picked up by civil servants or employees of private garbage haulers? Should the whole economy be "socialized"? Although...
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...Enforcing uniforms into American school systems would be beneficial for the students and their safety, and would help curb student violence (Will School Uniforms Help Curb Student Violence?). Some large school systems, including ones in Miami, Baltimore, Detroit, Milwaukee and Los Angeles, have adopted a mandatory or voluntary uniform policy to lower the amount of violence that could possibly come from wearing expensive clothes and new limited edition items such as shoes.(Will School Uniforms Help Curb Student Violence?). An example of the curbed violence would be here in California. The Long Beach Unified School District became the first public school district in the nation, that requires that students wear uniforms, and in the first year, the district recorded a 50 percent decline in fights and number of cases of students bringing weapons to school (Will School Uniforms Help Curb Student Violence?). This data was the outcome of school uniforms and only after one year, imagine the changes uniforms could make if they were enforced in all schools across America. Thriftone V. Jones, president of the D.C. Congress of Parents and Teachers, says that "A person's...
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...Introduction By Paul Andrisani and Simon Hakim Co-Directors Center for Competitive Government Richard J. Fox School of Business and Management Temple University Privatization of public services to reduce cost and improve quality has a long history. Peter Drucker, the Austrian born management professor, was the first to suggest contracting out of local services to private companies. Indeed many municipal services were already contracted out by 1980 in Great Britain. But the most significant drive for privatization in Great Britain, which signaled the way to the rest of the world, came about with the election of Margaret Thatcher in 1979. In the following decade a host of state owned enterprises were privatized including British Petroleum, British Aerospace, Jaguar, Rolls Royce, National Freight Corp., Cable and Wireless, British Airways, British Gas, British Telecom, several water and electric utilities. In addition, public housing was sold to the residents and compulsory competitive bidding of local services was initiated. By the late 1980’s, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, and Argentina elected presidents who adopted privatization initiatives. But the trend toward privatization was not confined to western countries. The collapse of Communism in the Soviet Bloc prompted the sale of many state owned enterprises as well as other forms of privatization. Even earlier, China in 1978 allowed private farming and later private sector manufacturing and...
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...In every business, performance is the key to their survival in the market (Brown & Clinton, 2010, p. 24). It does not only involve annual reviews of the company’s achievements, but more needs to be done in trying to identify those who perform well and contribute to the general performance of an organization. In evaluating the performance, the strengths and weaknesses are to be identified. It should then be followed by a strategic plan to maintain and build on the strength while working to improve on the weaknesses. Performances in an organization indicate the achievements made at the end of every financial year. It is important to monitor the performance of the team at every level in the company as it contributes to the overall performance of an organization. The evaluation will enable the management to identify key areas that require improvements in line with the organizational goals and objectives. Many firms that do not give time to monitor the and critically evaluate the input of every single staff have always struggled. However, to realize a smooth flow of events in an organization, there should be a strategic plan that includes every employee at all levels. All the staff members should take part in making certain decisions that may affect them. This will improve the working culture of employees. They will also feel important and, therefore, perform to their full potentials. Most companies today heavily invest in changes that will make their businesses more profitable...
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...A Brief Study On SWOT ANALYSIS OF RELIANCE COMMUNICATION WITH COMPETITOR IN BHUJ AND SURROUNDING OFFICE OF [pic] PROJECT REPORT Submitted for Partial fulfillment for SRK INSTITUTE & MANAGEMENT EDUCATION MBA DEPARTMENT AFFILATED WITH GUJRAT TECHNOLOGY UNIVERCITY, AHMEDABAD JAY S. BARMEDA ROLL NO...2016 Session : 2009-2010 HISTORY OF RELIANCE The Milwaukee Land Company purchased land from C.C. and Anna Herron for a town site in 1905 and the town was named Herron, but changed to Reliance when it was decided that the name Herron sounded too much like Huron. To the southwest stood a town site named Dirkstown and all of the buildings from there were moved into Reliance once it was learned the railroad would not be going through Dirkstown. Town sites were set up by the railroad company at about 10-mile intervals. Businesses, of the day, were set up immediately, probably the land office being the first. That and the first bank and the newspaper to advertise the land transactions. The lots sold for $200 for corner lots, $150 for inside business lots, $150 for residential corner lots and $100 for inside residential lots. Peter B. Dirks and a Mr. Montgomery, of the Farmers and Merchants State Bank from Dirkstown, purchased the first corner lot. Dirks' Trust and Title Company also opened a hardware and general store. Lafferty and Schoessler...
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...Exe 100 Extra Credit May 2, 2015 Exe Interview 100 ! ! ! Interview with Jennifer Cadilline that has Topic: Public Schools. ! ! 1. How did you find out if you were eligible for special education in your public middle school when you were younger? ! My mom had asked the school to evaluate me, so she called or wrote the director of special education, even the principal of my school and had to describe the concerns that she had with the my academic performance and she even requested an evaluation under IDEA, to see if a disability was even involved in the first place just to make sure. My public school was concerned about how I was learning and developing. Since the school and my mother thought I had a the disability, they evaluated me but the best part about it for my mother was that it didn't cost me anything to check. They asked my mom for her written consent before they had evaluated me. Just because my mom had asked didn't mean they had to do it. They could have said no, but they would have had to explain to my mother why they wouldn't want to do so. ! 2. What would have happened if you were not eligible for special education in your public school , how would you have felt ? ! If the public school would have came up with the conclusion that i was not eligible for special education, the school system would have gave me that reasoning as to why I wasn't found “eligible.” At first that did happen but under IDEA, and they gave my...
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...EDUCATION QUALITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH Education Quality and Economic Growth Education Quality and Economic Growth Eric A. Hanushek Ludger Wößmann THE WORLD BANK Washington, DC © 2007 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org E-mail: feedback@worldbank.org All rights reserved 1 2 3 4 5 10 09 08 07 This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy...
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...CORPORATE FINANCE 307 LITERATURE REVIEW Student Name / ID: Chay Yu Xi 15907811 Jacqueline Teo Hui Yun 15805054 Ting Heng Huat 14973837 Tutor: Leo Kee Chye Tutorial Day / Time: Monday / 2pm Table of Contents Abstract The Tech Bubble Introduction Lowering of Interest Rates Adjustable Rate Mortgage Securitization Mortgage Backed Securities Collateralized Debt Obligation Credit Default Swap Government Reaction and Policies Emergency TARP Repercussions Basel Disadvantages Future Policy Requirements Controversy Conclusion Reference List Review of the causes of the 2008 Financial Crisis in US. Abstract This paper seeks to summarize a stream of research that has delved into the major causes of the financial crisis in 2008. More precisely, we will be looking at a combination of causes such as the sub-prime mortgage crisis, the mortgage backed security, the collateralized debt obligation as well as how the incidental credit-default swap contributed to the incident. This paper will begin from analyzing the past, when it happened and how it built up and resulted in the financial crisis. The significance of this literature review seeks to give a simplified explanation of the financial crisis of 2008 and will be useful for the people unversed in economics or finance but wish to have a basic understanding of its causes and history. The Tech Bubble During the early 2000, numerous companies and individuals bought new operating...
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...ECONOMICS _____________________________________________________________________________________ WEEK 1: HOW ECONOMISTS THINK * What are preferences? Preferences refer to all of the objectives an individual wants to achieve that might motivate a choice among a set of alternatives. * What does it mean for an individual’s preferences to be rational? Please explain the concepts of costs and benefits and the reasoning process used by a rational individual. A rational individual will try to make the best possible use of his/her scarce resources, usually choosing an activity that has the highest utility. Rational preferences possess 2 properties, which are completeness and transitivity. Completeness means that choices can be ranked in an order of preference. For instance, an individual will have a preference when faced with two choices. Transitivity means actions can be compared with other actions. As an example, if action a is preferred to b, and action b is preferred to c, then a is preferred to c. A benefit is the maximum unit of currency amount you would be willing to pay to do x, while the cost is the value of all the resources you must give up in order to do x. The cost-benefit approach to decisions states that an individual should do an activity x if the benefit exceeds the cost. Relating to cost, in the process of coming up with a decision, a rational individual will take into account opportunity costs and ignore sunk costs. * New theories argue that...
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...Grading 'Waiting for Superman' Dana Goldstein | September 23, 2010 Here's what you see in Waiting for Superman, the new documentary that celebrates the charter school movement while blaming teachers unions for much of what ails American education: working- and middle-class parents desperate to get their charming, healthy, well-behaved children into successful public charter schools. Here's what you don't see: the four out of five charters that are no better, on average, than traditional neighborhood public schools (and are sometimes much worse); charter school teachers, like those at the Green Dot schools in Los Angeles, who are unionized and like it that way; and noncharter neighborhood public schools, like PS 83 in East Harlem and the George Hall Elementary School in Mobile, Alabama, that are nationally recognized for successfully educating poor children. You don't see teen moms, households without an adult English speaker or headed by a drug addict, or any of the millions of children who never have a chance to enter a charter school lottery (or get help with their homework or a nice breakfast) because adults simply aren't engaged in their education. These children, of course, are often the ones who are most difficult to educate, and the ones neighborhood public schools can't turn away. You also don't learn that in the Finnish education system, much cited in the film as the best in the world, teachers are—gasp!—unionized and granted tenure, and families benefit from a...
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...Solutions for Chapter 11 Audit of Acquisition and Payment Cycle and Inventory Review Questions: 11-1. Supply chain management involves the management and control of materials in the logistics process from the acquisition of raw materials to the delivery of finished products to the end user (customer). Supply-chain management involves contracts between buyers and suppliers that specify contract, delivery, and payment terms. In some cases, such as Wal-Mart, suppliers retain title to the goods until they are sold to the buyer’s customers. Wal-Mart’s suppliers have access to Wal-Mart’s inventory records and automatically restock inventory according to that contract. Wal-Mart pays their suppliers when the products are sold to its customers. General Motors has contracts with its suppliers that call for providing tires and other parts based on production schedules and paying suppliers based on the actual production of cars. 11-2. The major controls that a company such as General Motors will consider in such a partnering relationship include: • A contract specifying the requirements of each party to the contract. For example, the contract should specify the following major requirements of the supplier: o Penalties for failure to deliver products on time. o Quality control requirements, including inspection and testing to be done either by the supplier or the purchaser. Most contracts require intensive inspection by the supplier...
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...Producing R E S U LT S Proven Solutions in Today’s Challenging World WORLD CONFERENCE ON QUALIT Y AND IMPROVEMENT 2012 ASQ MAY 21–23, 2012 Anaheim, California Anaheim Convention Center wcqi.asq.org Preliminary Program General Information 2012 ASQ WORLD CONFERENCE ON QUALIT Y AND IMPROVEMENT Conference Location Anaheim Convention Center 800 West Katella Avenue Anaheim, CA 92802 www.anaheimconventioncenter.com Attendee Registration Hours (Subject to change) Saturday, May 19 2:00 p.m. – 5:00 p.m. Sunday, May 20 9:00 a.m. – 1:00 p.m. 5:00 p.m. – 8:00 p.m. Monday, May 21 7:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. Tuesday, May 22 7:30 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. Wednesday, May 23 7:30 a.m. – 10:00 a.m. Registration will be located in the Anaheim Convention Center. Dates Tips to Lead You to Savings Check out these savings opportunities to stretch your conference travel budget— without missing out on the premier quality conference of 2012! Save big when you: Preconference Events Monday, May 14 – Sunday, May 20 Conference Dates Monday, May 21 – Wednesday, May 23 Conference Presentations Approximately two weeks prior to the conference, all registered attendees will receive access to the PowerPoint presentations for the sessions of the World Conference and each of the four conferences held concurrently with it (Institute for Continual Quality Improvement, Institute for Software Excellence, Quality Institute for Healthcare, and Quality in Sustainability Conference). and save...
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