...sckscm dkcsdkfcjcnsejcnjThe Great Wall Of China Research Paper Sample The Great Wall of China Research Paper Introduction The Great Wall of China is one of the greatest historical monuments that people inherited from the ancient epoch. Some elements of the Great Wall of China, built hundreds of years ago, still exist and attract millions of tourists. The question concerning the reasons for the creation such a huge construction still remains unanswered. Nowadays, it is only possible to suggest different theories and presuppositions concerning the creation of the Great Wall, but it is very difficult to give a definite answer to the question of the reasons for its creation. However, specialists (Waldron and Barfield) agree that the construction of the Great Wall of China was particularly intensive during the Ming dynasty and they emphasize that the Wall did not really had its strategic defensive significance but they rather indicate to the foreign relationships of China and Mongols as one of the major factor that defined the policy of the Ming court at the epoch. But the positions of Waldron and Barfield, in spite of seeming similarities, differ consistently since Thomas Barfield rather gives us a model for the long-term trends, history is actually made in real time, by specific persons with specific arguments. Only Arthur Waldron’s detailed picture of the policy paralysis at the Ming court offers a convincing case of why the Great Wall of China was built. Waldron’s view on the...
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...Royal Taste: The Art of Princely Courts in Fifteenth-Century China During the Ming dynasty, the arts flourished greatly in china. With that being said, it is with great pleasure to say in the JOHN AND MARBLE MUSEUM OF ART located in Sarasota Florida a new exhibit has been open. The exhibit is called Royal Taste: The Art of Princely Courts in Fifteenth-Century China .The exhibit focuses on the Ming dynasty art pieces that can help us get a glimpse of the ancient past. The exhibit is split into three areas. Each sub-section of the exhibit areas focus on a specific area during the Ming era. The exhibit also includes a learning area in the back. The main focus the exhibit of royal taste are the luxuries, daily common objects, and the religion....
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...Brief History of China Prehistory Mythical Era Ancient Era Imperial Era Modern Era Introduction Chinese civilization originated in various city-states along the Yellow River Valley in the Neolithic era A history of 4700 years since Yellow Emperor during the period of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors; the written history of China begins with Shang Dynasty 3600 years ago when turtle shells with ancient Chinese writing were carbon dated in 1500BC Prehistory Peking Man Paleolithic – – – – China was inhabited by Homo erectus more than 1 million years ago The archaeological site of Xihoudu site in Shanxi Province is the earliest recorded of use of fire by Homo erectus 1.27 million years ago The excavations at Yuanmou and later Lantian show early habitation The most specimen of Homo erectus found in China is the so-called Peking Man discovered in 1965 Prehistory (cont.) Neolithic – – – – – – Stone Tools The Neolithic age traced back to 10,000 BC Early evidence for proto-Chinese millet agriculture is carbon-dated to about 7,000 BC Population was increased due to agriculture, the ability to store and redistribute crops and to support specialist craftsmen and administrators In late Neolithic times, the Yellow River valley began to establish itself as a culture center, and the first villages were founded Early history of China is complicated by the lack of a written language during this period At Damaidi site in Ningxia, 3172 cliff carvings dating to...
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...Brief History of China Prehistory Mythical Era Ancient Era Imperial Era Modern Era Introduction Chinese civilization originated in various city-states along the Yellow River Valley in the Neolithic era A history of 4700 years since Yellow Emperor during the period of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors; the written history of China begins with Shang Dynasty 3600 years ago when turtle shells with ancient Chinese writing were carbon dated in 1500BC Prehistory Peking Man Paleolithic – – – – China was inhabited by Homo erectus more than 1 million years ago The archaeological site of Xihoudu site in Shanxi Province is the earliest recorded of use of fire by Homo erectus 1.27 million years ago The excavations at Yuanmou and later Lantian show early habitation The most specimen of Homo erectus found in China is the so-called Peking Man discovered in 1965 Prehistory (cont.) Neolithic – – – – – – Stone Tools The Neolithic age traced back to 10,000 BC Early evidence for proto-Chinese millet agriculture is carbon-dated to about 7,000 BC Population was increased due to agriculture, the ability to store and redistribute crops and to support specialist craftsmen and administrators In late Neolithic times, the Yellow River valley began to establish itself as a culture center, and the first villages were founded Early history of China is complicated by the lack of a written language during this period At Damaidi site in Ningxia...
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...world heritage sites out of all the world's heritage sites according to the Global Heritage's "Saving Our Vanishing Heritage" report: 1. The Great Wall of China •Length: 5500.3 mile •Total site visitors of 24,200,000 •Total revenues of $2,888,000,000 •Major portion of the Great Wall of China was built by the Ming Dynasty •Begins at Shanhaiguan in the East and stretches till Lop Nur in the West and consists of many walls •Construction of these numerous walls started from the 5th century BC and many were re-built between the 5th and 16th century AD 2. Forbidden City in Beijing •World's largest surviving palace complex. •It is the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor •Total site visitors of 18,000,000 •Total revenues of $1,920,000,000 •During the period 1420 to 1912, the sprawling palace complex changed hands from the Ming dynasty that ruled from 1368 to 1644 to the Qing dynasty that ruled from 1644 to 1911 3. Great Pyramids of Giza •On the outskirts of Cairo. •Historic Cairo has total site visitors of 4,000,000 •Total revenues of $576,000,000 •Of the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis, the Pyramid of Khufu (also known as the Pyramid of Cheops) is the oldest and also the largest. It held the record as the tallest building in the world for 3800 years. 4. Celsus Library •Built in AD 135 in the ruins of ancient Ephesus near Selcuk, 70 km (43 miles) from the western Turkish coastal city of Izmir. •Ephesus has total site visitors of 3,500,000 •Total revenues...
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...is being discussed in Robert Frost’s poem the “Mending Wall.” Having a good fence allows for privacy and is the right of a homeowner. “The central theme of "Mending Wall" is whether it is wise to erect walls and other types of barriers.” not this period (Cummings, 2008).this period is correct An immediate reading seems to suggest that walls or fences are obstacles and if you tear them down you can open up the door to friendship, unity, and better communication. Nevertheless, the one neighbor insists that “good fences make good neighbors.” same here (Davis and Lynn, 2006, p. 82). The destruction of the Berlin Wall in 1989 demonstrates the point that Frost is trying to make that walls or barriers are obstacles. The Berlin Wall, which had divided Berlin since 1961, "fell" on November 9. For almost 30 years, the Wall and the heavily fortified border between East and West Germany kept East Germans as prisoners in their own country, tore families apart, and caused many deaths when East Germans were shot trying to flee. I am not going continue to correct them as you get the point by now. (McGill, 2009, p. 1-2). The original Berlin Wall was a collection of wire and loose cinder blocks; however, over the years, turned out to become a concrete barrier that stood fifteen feet high. There were sections of the wall that included watchtowers, electric fences, and automatic guns. In addition, there was a smaller wall that enclosed West Berlin completely which kept all of...
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...Urban of Ancient Chine: Xi’an City 1. Physical Geography and History of Development The name of Xi’an city reflects its relative location in China. Literally, Xi’an means “peace in the west” in Chinese and it located in the central west part of China in the Wei River valley with Qinling Mountains in the South and Loess Plateau in the North. The Wei River has its source in the mountainous area in Western China and flows eastward into the Yellow River. The Wei River valley was largely formed by the deposition of loess that washed off the plateau to the north (G. Brent Hall and Ji Dong Zhang, 116). The climate in this area is temperate and humid. The spring and early summer are the dry time and most of the precipitation is between May and October. The fertile and abundance of arable lands together with the temperate climate gave birth to the early Chinese civilization and the rise of Zhou people, who established their reign in northern China. Later, China was divvied into seven independent states, thus entering the Warring States Period (476B.C. ~ 221B.C.). Xi’an, as the capital of Qin, has great advantage in terms of national security. Surrounded by mountains and hills, Xi’an was only able to be reached by forces from Northern China Plain by entering the narrow pass near the confluence of Wei River and Yellow River. According to Chinese history document, Shi Ji, literally means “Historical Records”, the other six states launched two separate joint operations against Qin’s expansion...
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...Chinese Culture(中国传统文化) Ghulam Abbas Kan (3115999115) Email id:abbasalmani591@hotmail.com School of Electronic and information Xi’an Jiaotong University. INTRODUCTION: Culture itself is a relatively large concept. Generally speaking, culture is a kind of social phenomenon, and it is the product of people's long-term creation. At the same time, it is a historical accumulation of social history. The general culture is the sum of all the material and spiritual wealth created by human beings. Exactly speaking, culture refers to a country or a nation's history, geographical conditions, traditions, customs, way of life, literature, art, normative behavior, ways of thinking, values, and so on. According to the definition of British anthropologist Edward teller, culture "includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and as a member of the society the ability and habits that complex whole". Its core is as spiritual products of all kinds of knowledge, this matter is spread. Culture is a phenomenon peculiar to human beings. Culture is created by people, being unique.The culture is the product of human social practice. Chinese traditional culture is the civilization evolution and exchange integrated a reflect the national character and style of the national culture is nation in the history of all kinds of thoughts and ideology of the overall characterization, refers to the living in the area of Chinese nation and the ancestors created and inherited from generation to generation...
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...of Chinese Art dates back as far as 960 AD. Early forms of art in China were made from pottery and jade in the Neolithic period. The gist of Chinese art encompasses fine arts, folk arts, and performance arts. The most common types/forms of arts and entertainment in the Chinese culture and China are as follows: 1. Literature 2. Chinese Folk Art 3. Visual Art 4. Film 5. Chinese Music 6. Performing Arts 7. Gardening 8. Architecture The start era for Chinese literature was the Spring and Autumn period. Chinese culture contains various groups of literature, including: Early Chinese poetry, Han and Northern dynasties poetry, Golden Age of Chinese poetry, Li Bai and Du Fu, Late Tang and Five dynasties, Song, Ming and Qing literature, Western influence: the big three, and Modern. These are all forms of early and late poetry in the Chinese culture. The love poems are among the most appealing in the freshness and purity of the Chinese language. There are several famously recognized poets in the Chinese culture. In modern poetry, Xu Zhimo, a romantic poet who cherished the poetry of the English romantics like Keats and Shelley, was among the first Chinese authors that effectively naturalized western romantic forms into contemporary Chinese poetry. Early Chinese poetry, in the Golden age, contained notable poets like Bai Juyi, Luo Binwang, Jia Dao, Wang Wei, and etc. Another form of entertainment in China that is probably the most common is Chinese music. The origins of Chinese...
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... Part I: Fill in the Blanks Fill in the blanks to complete the following sentences. Ming-Dynasty China a. The population of China approximately doubled between the start of the Ming dynasty in 1368 and its collapse and replacement by the Manchus in 1644 . This population increase, along with a reduction in government regulation, led to China’s 3rd Commercial Revolution, which lasted from 1500 and 1800. Economic advances during this time, which extended into the Qing era, included the tribute system for textile manufacture, trade with the tondo empire through the port of Manila, expansion of private banks from Shaanxi into other provinces, flourishing intermediate market towns, and trade in staples like grain and cotton. b. The late imperial system of political control relied on a large, well-funded, and powerful meritocracy staffed by dedicated officials who competed for positions by passing civil examinations ; the central authority of the emperor ; and the support of the new wealthy, literate merchant class. c. Early Ming-dynasty foreign policy was aggressively expansionist, as emperors extended their control into historical Chinese territories and northern vietnam , which became a Chinese province. Despite the early Ming success in wresting China from the Yuan dynasty, the remained China’s most serious threat, capturing Beijing in 1550. ...
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...Question 1 (6 points) [pic] Modern Japanese painters & printmakers abandoned Japanese traditions & design principles. Question 1 options: |[pic] |True | |[pic] |False | Save Question 2 (6 points) [pic] The Sotatsu-Korin School of the Edo Period specialized in Chinese style monchrome ink painting. Question 2 options: |[pic] |True | |[pic] |False | Save Question 3 (6 points) [pic] The circular bronze mirror adopted by Japan from China during the Kofun period is one of the three treasures of Shinto prized as imperial regalia. Question 3 options: |[pic] |True | |[pic] |False | Save Question 4 (6 points) [pic] Emperor Shomu of the Nara Period invited Buddhist priest Ganjin to come from China in order to establish Toshodaiji Temple. Question 4 options: |[pic] |True | |[pic] |False | Save Question 5 (6 points) [pic] Kano School painters, active through the Ashikaga, Momoyama & Edo periods, were commissioned by shoguns & nobility to paint decorative screens with predominantly European materials, techniques & themes. Question 5 options: |[pic] |True | |[pic] |False | Save Question 6 (6 points) [pic] Edo ceramic artist Kenzan was the brother of painter Korin, & is known for decorating his pieces with designs reminiscent of Yamato-e & Chinese monochrome ink painting. Question 6 options: |[pic] |True | |[pic] |False | Save Question 7 (6 points) ...
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...Chapels Along with Confucianism and Taoism, Buddhism is among China’s most influential religions throughout its history. Buddhism taught the Chinese to believe in the Four Noble Truths and to follow the Eightfold Path to achieve nirvana, or a state of complete understanding with the world. Buddhism’s influences stretched to all regions of the country; it became influential enough that Emperors even commissioned cave chapels to be dedicated to Buddhism and the Buddha. The cave chapels of Yungang, Longmen, and Dunhuang, although each different, are the most famous of the cave chapels and best capture the different styles and characteristics that were used throughout that time period. The Yungang caves in the Shangxi province of China are a series of caves, mostly carved into the cliffs. The Five caves of Tanyao are the most famous caved chapels in the Yingang area. Although they are each unique in their own matter, the five caves collectively are dedicated to the five previous Tabgatch rulers (Thorpe 164). The Five Caves of Tanyao (Caves 16-20), reflect the faith in a phase of reliance on lavish imperial patronage. The history of Wei, or Weishu, records that Fa Guo, the Administrator of Monks, required monks to pay homage to the emperor, declaring "the person who has the ability to advocate Buddhist faith is our sovereign. I am not paying homage to the Emperor but to Buddha" (Karetzky 145). The Five Caves of Tanyao were executed at a time when worshipping Buddha...
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...EGYPT * The Gift of Nile * Nile * world’s largest river; flows more than 4000 miles * Because the river flows from south to north, the Egyptians called the southern part of the country “Upper Egypt” and the northern part the “Lower Egypt” * Each year, the river will overflow, spreading water into the bordering basins and irrigation channels carried water farther out into the valley to increase the area suitable for planting – brought moisture to the dry land and left behind a layer of rich black soil that was excellent for crop. * Farmers planted their crops as soon as the floodwaters receded * 4000 B.C.E. * Egypt consisted of valley of farmers living along the Nile * 3300 B.C.E. * first walled towns were erected at Naqada and Hierakonpolis * 3100 B.C.E. * ruler of Upper Egypt unified the country * Menes, first ruler, conquered Lower Egypt and brought all of Egypt under his rule. He built the city of Memphis as his capital. * Kings of Egypt * “Ruler of the Two Lands” * wore two crowns – symbolizing the unification of the country * There were at least 30 dynasties in Egypt’s history * Scholars divided the early history of Egypt according to the three periods when strong dynasties united the country * Old Kingdom (2686 – 2150 B.C.E.) * Middle Kingdom (2040 – 1786 B.C.E.) * New Kingdom (1570 – 1090 B.C.E.) Old Kingdom * 2649 B.C.E. * Old...
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...enlighten individuals on China regarding dynasties, unification, leadership, political philosophies, government structure and international relationships. The country has an extensive history. China also has many customs we would consider to be unacceptable. Come with me and let’s explore the up and coming global power. SECTIONII: There were many dynasties that have ruled China since 2033BC. Xia dynasty is one that people did not want to admit it existed. Xia ended with its leader being overthrown, imagine that. People can only put up with so much oppression. The monarch was a typical imbecile with money and power at his fingertips; he was overthrown. The Shang dynasty was ruled by a corrupt leader; he was overthrown. The longest lasting dynasty in China was the Zhou dynasty; they were in charge from 1027-221BC (www.google.com). A writing system and bronze metallurgy were invented. The king was assassinated by rebels (www.paulnoll.com). Power equals money which in turn, equals demise especially regarding dynasties. China dynasty rulers when overthrown are usually exiled or murdered. One Zhou ruler was overthrown and killed by rebel lords. With the royal line broken the power of the Zhou court gradually diminished (www.paulnoll.com/China/Dynasty-Zhou.html). The Qin dynasty was a ruthless one. They relied heavily on standardizing legal codes and bureaucratic procedures (www.paulnoll.com/China/Dynasty-Qin.html). Wow! One could say that China is communist due to...
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...www.GetPedia.com History of China: Table of Contents q q Historical Setting The Ancient Dynasties r r r Dawn of History Zhou Period Hundred Schools of Thought q The Imperial Era r r r r r r First Imperial Period Era of Disunity Restoration of Empire Mongolian Interlude Chinese Regain Power Rise of the Manchus q Emergence Of Modern China r r r r r r Western Powers Arrive First Modern Period Opium War, 1839-42 Era of Disunity Taiping Rebellion, 1851-64 Self-Strengthening Movement Hundred Days' Reform and Aftermath Republican Revolution of 1911 q Republican China r r r Nationalism and Communism s Opposing the Warlords s Consolidation under the Guomindang s Rise of the Communists Anti-Japanese War Return to Civil War q People's Republic Of China r r Transition to Socialism, 1953-57 Great Leap Forward, 1958-60 r r r r r Readjustment and Recovery, 1961-65 Cultural Revolution Decade, 1966-76 s Militant Phase, 1966-68 s Ninth National Party Congress to the Demise of Lin Biao, 1969-71 s End of the Era of Mao Zedong, 1972-76 Post-Mao Period, 1976-78 China and the Four Modernizations, 1979-82 Reforms, 1980-88 q References for History of China [ History of China ] [ Timeline ] Historical Setting The History Of China, as documented in ancient writings, dates back some 3,300 years. Modern archaeological studies provide evidence of still more ancient origins in a culture that flourished between 2500 and 2000 B.C....
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