...Culture and Art: Minoan versus Mycenaean Dani Smith Professor Ambros Art 111 July 28, 2012 Early Greece Culture and Art: Minoan versus Mycenaean The Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations are two cultures with a lot of similarities, but actually quite different in architecture and lifestyles. It is surprising how the two societies that were only miles apart and ruled during the same period of time can differ so much. Nevertheless, even with the overlapping of these two cultures, the differences of each culture can be seen in the many achievements of economy, architecture, and elegant detail of art. The Minoans, "a splendid culture that flourished between c.1900 and 1375 bce were named “Minoan” after a Greek legend about King Minos of Crete, who was said to have kept a human-eating monster called a Minotaur (half human and half bull) at the center of a labyrinth, or maze" (Stokstad & Cothren, 2012) . The Minoans were known for being self-sufficient agriculturally, but were also famous for being highly skilled sailors and their extraordinary building complexes or palaces. Sir Arthur Evans discovered such a great palace buried at Knossos near Crete's north coast. These complexes were thought to be sites of religious ceremony rituals that were carried out in the courtyards. "Knossos is a labyrinth of storerooms, workshops, and ceremonial halls. Minoan columns were tapered only at the top and looked the handles of gavels. The Minoans built there palaces from poros,...
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...Minoan and Mycenaeans- Dark ages and recorvery 18th-12th BCE September 12 2012 Minoan Civilization * 1700-1450 BCE (Ancient Crete) * Arthur Evans excavated in early 20th century * Named after King Minos (had a minotaur child because his wife cheated) * Palace has a lot labyrinths (agglutinative architecture) * Semi-destroyed due to earthquakes * Not really sure how Crete was colonized (speculated that people stopped for supplies but instead stayed) * Most of the labyrinths were for storing items * speculated that early Crete was a place for trading and economy * Tablets that were deciphered very little but indicated currency or a trading basis * stored in giant pots called pithoi or pithos * Government formed around a king and a redistributive Economy * King receives the fruits of the labor (ex. Wheat from farming) and stores it in a safe room and later distributes equally among the people * Tablets kept track of what was in the safe rooms * Many paintings (Frescoes) indicated a peaceful looking people (no armor and weapons) and connection to nature (lots of sea imagery since Crete is on an island as well as a sport called bull hopping) * Palace did not have a defensive wall because they had no expectations of enemies attacking Mycenaeans * 1600-1100 BCE * Discovered by Heinreich and Sophia Schlieman by studying Homer’s Odyssey (also uncovered Trojan ruins) * Invaded the Minoans and decimated most...
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...artifacts from ancient societies. After unearthing some of the sites, Sir Arthur Evans of Nash Mills would go on to restore his findings in an attempt to bring them back to life per say. Throughout his days, Sir Arthur made some very crucial discoveries as it pertains to ancient archaeology such as his excavation of the Palace at Knossos. Sir Arthur Evans was born in 1851 in Nash Mills, Hertfordshire, England. His initial interest in archaeology stemmed from the period of 1884 to 1908 where he became interested in seals which were essentially tiny carved stones. These seals were sources of inscriptions from ancient, pre-Classical Mediterranean civilizations. He as the article reads was particularly drawn to Crete as one such source of seals containing undeciphered early inscriptions. Sir Arthur first visited Crete in 1894 to study and decipher two types of unknown scripts appearing on Cretan seals. This would be the...
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...Sammie Williams Ms. Janine Hornung OCEA & 101 12 October 2012 The lost City of Atlantis “Long ago there existed an island, populated by a noble and powerful race. This beautiful place was a domain of Poseidon, god of the sea, who had fallen in love with a mortal woman, Cleito. He created a magnificent palace for her in the centre of the island. The people of this land possessed great wealth thanks to the abundant natural resources of the island, which was also a centre for trade and commerce. The rulers held sway not just over their own people but over the Mediterranean, Europe and North Africa” (Menzies). The Greek philosopher, Plato, wrote the above description of Atlantis in 355 B.C. Plato had originally planned to write a trilogy of books on subjects such as the creation of the world, the nature of man, the story of Atlantis as well as other subjects. The first book, Timaeus, was completed, Critias, which contains the story of Atlantis, was incomplete, and Hemocrates, was never written (Levy). The story of Atlantis is one of the oldest myths of mankind, a lost paradise and the most popular of all supposed advanced prehistoric lost civilizations. It’s location has been assigned to almost every possible place on earth including Sardinia, Crete, Cyprus, Malta, Turkey, Israel, Sinai, Sweden, Bahamas, Bermuda Triangle, Japan and even Kumari Kandam (“Lost Continent”). In Plato's book, Timaeus, a character named Kritias tells an account of Atlantis that has been in...
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...WAKARA VASE (CH 2) In ancient Mesopotamia, around 4000 BCE, humans began to domesticate plants and animals allowing them to organize communities rather than live a hunter-gatherer lifestyle. Because they had the basic components of a civilization with a stable food supply, people began to specialize in areas such as trade, manufacturing, administration, and art. Sumerian art was one of the first evidences of narrative art as seen by the Wakara Vase, from the Inanna temple complex in Uruk. The alabaster vessel, roughly three feet tall, is divided into registers to tell the story of a religious ceremony honoring the goddess Inanna. The vase’s reliefs are divided into registers to tell a story. The first register depicts water as a wavy line with a crop above. The next register is of ewes and rams depicted in strict profile, which was characteristic of the time. The crops and animals were necessities in the daily life of all Sumerians. The next band is of naked men carrying overflowing baskets and jars to present as a votive offering and the top band depicts a female in a horned headdress symbolizing the goddess Inanna. Inanna is depicted much larger than the man, signifying her importance. This is one of the first examples of hierarchy of scale, where greater size is used to emphasize power or importance. The layout of the bands signifies Sumerian society: Inanna has blessed the people with abundant crops and herds and in return they give votive offerings. The Wakara vase is...
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...1) The Classic period is from about 500 to 350 b.C. In this period nearly all possible cultural expressions flourished: philosophy, politics, literature, music, painting, sculpture and architecture. 2) The Hellenistic period emerged, approximately, 323-30BC. Beginning after the conquests of Alexander the Great, the period experienced prosperity and progress in the decorative and visual arts, exploration, literature, sculpture, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, and science. The Hellenistic era experienced an age of eclecticism, a new awakening of the diverse knowledge and theories present in Greek culture. Instead of contemplating and debating ideals, logic, extinguished emotion, or consummate beauty, people would explore and analyze reality. 3)The Romans painted directly on the walls of their rooms, and also on portable panels. In Third and Fourth Style wall paintings, we can even see imitations of portable paintings - these are paintings of paintings, as it were. Domestic interiors were claustrophobic - windowless and dark - so the Romans used painted decoration to visually open up and lighten their living spaces. Technical elements of Roman painting include the fresco technique; brightly colored backgrounds; division of the wall into multiple rectangular areas; multi-point perspective; and effects 4)Naturalism in art refers to the depiction of realistic objects in a natural setting. The Realism movement of the 19th century advocated naturalism in reaction...
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...CLAR 120: GLOSSARY UPDATED: 8/18/15 absolute dating: The determination of age with reference to a specific time scale, such as a fixed calendrical system. Anatolia: The western Asian peninsula bordered by the Black Sea, the Aegean, and the Mediterranean, with the eastern border variously defined; today the western part of Turkey. Also called Asia Minor, especially when referring to the Greek and Roman periods. anthropology: The study of humanity - our physical characteristics as animals, and our unique non-biological characteristics we call culture. apsidal: building type with one rounded end, found especially in mainland Greek Early Iron Age contexts. archaeological survey: Recording remains visible on the surface, without recourse to excavation. archaeology: A subdiscipline of anthropology involving the study of the human past through its material remains. artifact: Any portable object used, modified, or made by humans; e.g. stone tools, pottery, and metal weapons. ashlar masonry: masonry style with smoothed rectangular cut blocks. assemblage: A group of artifacts recurring together at a particular time and place, and representing the sum of human activities. band: A term used to describe small-scale societies of hunters and gatherers, generally less than 100 people, who move seasonally to exploit wild (undomesticated) food resources. Kinship ties play an important part in social organization. Big-Man society: A type of socio-political organization where an influential...
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...Tessellations: Mathematical Art San Juanita Cramer Southern New Hampshire University The Heart of Mathematics Professor Anca Parrish Abstract This paper discusses the historical background of tessellations, the mathematics of tessellations, and the applications of tessellations in the real world. Tessellations are found everywhere. M.C. Escher is the father of tessellations and his style and examples are discussed as well as the Islamic tessellations. There is an overview of the mathematics that is involved in tessellations and the polygons that can be tessellated and those that can’t. Finally, tessellations are used in real world applications. Examples are given of tessellated buildings and tessellations found in nature. Tessellations: Mathematical Art What is a term used for the tiling a surface without gaps or overlaps? The term is Tessellation. The Math Forum states that “ a tessellation is created when a shape is repeated over and over again covering a plane without any gaps or overlaps” (“What is a Tessellation?”, n.d) Early cultures used tessellations to cover the floors and ceilings of buildings, many of its artistic elements can be found in many early cultures (Hoopes-Myers, 2010). Tessellations are also found in the nature. A perfect example of nature’s tessellation is the honeycomb of the honeybee; there are no gaps or overlaps in its hexagonal shapes. In Ireland, a volcanic episode created tessellations in the landscape of The Giant’s Causeway (“Giant’s...
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...GREEK ARCHITECTURE THE DORIC ORDER: * In their original Greek version, Doric columns stood directly on the flat pavement (the stylobate) of a temple without a base; their vertical shafts were fluted with 20 parallel concave grooves; and they were topped by a smooth capital that flared from the column to meet a square abacus at the intersection with the horizontal beam (entablature) that they carried. The Parthenon has the Doric design columns. * Pronounced features of both Greek and Roman versions of the Doric order are the alternating triglyphs and metopes. The triglyphs are decoratively grooved with three vertical grooves ("tri-glyph") and represent the original wooden end-beams, which rest on the plain architrave that occupies the lower half of the entablature. Under each triglyph are peglike "stagons" or "guttae" (literally: drops) that appear as if they were hammered in from below to stabilize the post-and-beam (trabeated) construction. They also served to "organize" rainwater runoff from above. A triglyph is centered above every column, with another (or sometimes two) between columns, though the Greeks felt that the corner triglyph should form the corner of the entablature, creating an inharmonious mismatch with the supporting column. The spaces between the triglyphs are the "metopes". They may be left plain, or they may be carved in low relief. * The architecture followed rules of harmony. Since the original design came from wooden temples and the triglyphs...
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...date, was carved using simple stone tools. It is a tiny limestone figurine of a woman named the Venus of Willendorf. This sculpture was named after its find spot in Willendorf Austria. It is said that the Venus of Willendorf was made anywhere between 28,000 and 25,000 BCE, and the artist is unknown. The sculpture is tiny, and features anatomical exaggeration. It typifies Paleolithic representations of women, whose childbearing capabilities ensuring the survival of the species. Women were far more common subjects then men in sculptures, however, animals not humans, dominate Paleolithic art. During this time period, humans were not painted or sculpted to look realistic. [pic] (Venus of Willendorf) The Snake Goddess was found in the palace of Knossos and was created around 1600 BCE by an unknown...
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...INDUSTRY STUDY SALON AND SPA TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY A. Class Academic Objectives B. Group/Personal Objectives 2. INTRODUCTION A. Nature of the Business B. History C. Industry Background 3. RESEARCH DESIGN A. Scope and Limitations 4. PRESENTATION OF RESULT A. Players of the Industry B. New Entrants C. Buyers D. Bargaining Power of Buyer of Salon and Spa Industry E. Suppliers F. Substitutes 5. ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION I. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY A. CLASS ACADEMIC OBJECTIVES The research aims to evaluate the researchers’ understanding relevant to the undertaken course which is the “environmental analysis”. This would require the researchers to put into practice the studied theories into actuality. B. GROUP/PERSONAL OBJECTIVES Basically, the researchers have the goal to acquire knowledge about the salon and spa in terms of the possible and probable effects of external forces on the survival and growth strategies of the industry. * To know what determines the level of profit in an industry/SPA industry. * To understand how the competitive structure of the industry determines its profitability. * To know how is industry profit shared between the different firms competing in SPA industry. * Analyze firm's industry environment to know its profit potential. * Identify the main structural features of the industry that influence competition...
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...Hogarth Blake Presents: Wonderful Ethiopians Of The Ancient Cushite Empire By Drusilla Dunjee Houston First published in 1926 This e-book was edited by Hogarth Blake Ltd Download this book and many more for FREE at: hh-bb.com hogarthblake@gmail.com ‘Wonderful Ethiopians Of The Ancient Cushite Empire’ by Drusilla Dunjee Houston Reproduction & duplication of this work for FREE is permitted. Refer to the terms & conditions page for more details. Terms & Conditions Scanned at sacred-texts.com, October, 2004. John Bruno Hare, redactor. This text is in the public domain in the United States because it was not renewed at the US Copyright Office in a timely fashion as required by law at the time. These files may be used for any non-commercial purpose, provided this notice of attribution is left intact in all copies and subject to the sacred texts Terms of Service at http://www.sacred-texts.com/tos.htm Hogarth Blake presents this e-book FREE of charge; it may be used for whatever purpose you see fit. The only limitations are that you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, modify, create derivative works based upon, sell, publish, license or sub-license the work or any part of it without the express written consent of Hogarth Blake Ltd. The work is provided as is. Hogarth Blake Ltd. makes no guarantees or warranties as to the accuracy, adequacy or completeness of or results to be obtained from using the work via hyperlink or otherwise, and expressly...
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...Hogarth Blake Presents: Wonderful Ethiopians Of The Ancient Cushite Empire By Drusilla Dunjee Houston First published in 1926 This e-book was edited by Hogarth Blake Ltd Download this book and many more for FREE at: hh-bb.com hogarthblake@gmail.com ‘Wonderful Ethiopians Of The Ancient Cushite Empire’ by Drusilla Dunjee Houston Reproduction & duplication of this work for FREE is permitted. Refer to the terms & conditions page for more details. Terms & Conditions Scanned at sacred-texts.com, October, 2004. John Bruno Hare, redactor. This text is in the public domain in the United States because it was not renewed at the US Copyright Office in a timely fashion as required by law at the time. These files may be used for any non-commercial purpose, provided this notice of attribution is left intact in all copies and subject to the sacred texts Terms of Service at http://www.sacred-texts.com/tos.htm Hogarth Blake presents this e-book FREE of charge; it may be used for whatever purpose you see fit. The only limitations are that you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, modify, create derivative works based upon, sell, publish, license or sub-license the work or any part of it without the express written consent of Hogarth Blake Ltd. The work is provided as is. Hogarth Blake Ltd. makes no guarantees or warranties as to the accuracy, adequacy or completeness of or results to be obtained from using the work via hyperlink or otherwise, and expressly...
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...500 extraordinary islands G R E E N L A N D Beaufort Sea Baffin Bay vi Da i tra sS t a nm De it Stra rk Hudson Bay Gulf of Alaska Vancouver Portland C A N A D A Calgary Winnipeg Newfoundland Quebec Minneapolis UNITED STATES San Francisco Los Angeles San Diego Phoenix Dallas Ottawa Montreal ChicagoDetroitToronto Boston New York OF AMERICA Philadelphia Washington DC St. Louis Atlanta New Orleans Houston Monterrey NORTH AT L A N T I C OCEAN MEXICO Guadalajara Mexico City Gulf of Mexico Miami Havana CUBA GUATEMALA HONDURAS b e a n Sea EL SALVADOR NICARAGUA Managua BAHAMAS DOMINICAN REPUBLIC JAMAICA San Juan HAITI BELIZE C a r PUERTO RICO ib TRINIDAD & Caracas N TOBAGO A COSTA RICA IA M PANAMA VENEZUELA UYANRINA H GU C U G Medellín A PAC I F I C OCEAN Galapagos Islands COLOMBIA ECUADOR Bogotá Cali S FR EN Belém Recife Lima BR A Z I L PERU La Paz Brasélia Salvador Belo Horizonte Rio de Janeiro ~ Sao Paulo BOLIVIA PARAGUAY CHILE Cordoba Santiago Pôrto Alegre URUGUAY Montevideo Buenos Aires ARGENTINA FALKLAND/MALVINAS ISLANDS South Georgia extraordinary islands 1st Edition 500 By Julie Duchaine, Holly Hughes, Alexis Lipsitz Flippin, and Sylvie Murphy Contents Chapter 1 Beachcomber Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Aquatic Playgrounds 2 Island Hopping the Turks & Caicos: Barefoot Luxury 12 Life’s a Beach 14 Unvarnished & Unspoiled 21 Sailing...
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...HUM 1000: WORLD CIVILIZATIONS NOTES BY DR. KAKAI P.W THE NATURE AND ORIGIN OF CIVILIZATION IN AFRICA Definition of key terms As we begin this course, it is crucial to first discuss our understanding of the concept ‘civilization’. This is a comparative term which is usually applied in comparison to such words as ‘barbarian’ ‘savage’ and ‘primitive’. In classical antiquity the Europeans used the word ‘barbarian’ to refer to a foreigner who was regarded as inferior (Ogutu and Kenyanchui, An Introduction To African History, 1991 p33). Do you think this is still the way we use the word barbarian? The Latin speakers referred to hunters, food-gatherers as savage. In the 17th century this term ‘savage’ referred to a person without art, literacy, or society who lived in fear of existence and death. ‘Primitive’ on the other hand, in Latin meant ‘the first or original’. Europeans used these words interchangeably when referring to non-Europeans while the word civilization was preserved to describe historical developments of European people (ibid). Now the term civilization is no longer confined to the above development but also extends reference to non-European communities. Attributes of civilization includes observance to law, belonging to an organized society, having a society of literate people with advanced developments in urbanization, agriculture, commerce, arts and technology. The French thinkers of the 18th century referred to a person of the arts and literature...
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