...This paper presents clinically-based studies of two acquisitions that received very different stock market reactions at announcementCone positive and one negative. Despite the differing market reactions, we find that, ultimately, neither acquisition created value overall. In exploring the reasons for the acquisition outcomes, we rely primarily on interviews with managers and on internally generated performance data. We compare the results of these analyses to those from analyses of post-acquisition operating and stock price performance traditionally applied to large samples. We draw two primary conclusions. (1) Our findings highlight the difficulty of implementing a successful acquisition strategy and of running an effective internal capital market. Post-acquisition difficulties resulted because: (a) managers of the acquiring company did not deeply understand the target company at the time of the acquisition; (b) the acquirer imposed an inappropriate organizational design on the target as part of the post-acquisition integration process; and (c) inappropriate management incentives existed at both the top management and division level. (2) Measures of operating performance used in large sample studies are weakly correlated with actual post-acquisition operating performance. * University of Chicago and NBER, University of Chicago, and Harvard University, respectively. We especially thank Shel Erikson, Thomas Hix, William Berger, Michael Grimes and Joseph Chamberlain...
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...Modern Political Science Ruslan Ulizskiy (MPF 151) 30.11.2015 Essay on methodology used in the article “The Effects of U.S. Foreign Assistance on Democracy Building, 1990-2003” (Steven E. Finkel, Aníbal Pérez-Liñán and Mitchell A. Seligson) The article “The Effects of U.S. Foreign Assistance on Democracy Building, 1990-2003” was written by Steven E. Finkel, Aníbal Pérez-Liñán and Mitchell A. Seligson and published in World Politics (Vol. 59, No. 3) in 2007. The research was focused on the effectiveness of democracy promotion programs by United States. The aim of this article is to make the first detailed investigation into the U.S. contribution to democratization worldwide between 1990 and 2003. And the research puzzle for authors is an interconnection between providing of democracy funds and following democratic outcomes in receiver countries. Authors assumes that U.S. promotion of democratization in different countries is useful: foreign assistance could be helpful and democratization could be heterogenic. Thus, the first hypothesis suggests that foreign NGO can stimulate democratic development. Although there isn’t proper analysis of specific mechanisms which allows international forces facilitate democratization within countries, authors argue that democracy can be promoted by international forces both indirectly and directly. Concerning the matter of causality, indirect promotion works through changing some of structural parameters, which could be prerequisites...
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...to have an operative theory of mind (Chandler, Fritz & Hala 1989). The connotations of these standard false-belief tasks act as an indicator for specific age boundaries, in which children are meant to start attributing mental states to others, through their understanding of false belief (Perner and Ruffman, 2005; Fodor, 1992; Mitchell,1996). The implications of these standard false-belief tasks will steer this discussion to focus on the extent at which theory of mind can be considered as innate with reference to genetic, social and cultural evidence. According to Whiten, (1993 pg. 3) “a theory of mind remains one of the quintessential abilities that makes us human” .Yet prior to Baron-Cohen’s (1989a) study, the traditional view held by most child developmental psychologists, (Piaget, 1983) was based on the idea that, any understanding of what goes on in another person’s mind has to be a calculated and difficult thing (Appleton and Reddy, 1996). Hence, in order to work out this complicated concept, an individual would need a sophisticated set of intellectual skills which is not found in infancy and develops around the ages of 3-4years (Mitchell, 1996). However as Reddy (2007; p.122) states, “Babies get self-conscious earlier than expected...they experience positive embarrassment...positive shyness”. The fact that they can recognise themselves in the mirror...
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...bullfighting spectacles that went on in the Greek culture at that time (Mitchell, 1986). As time went on, the custom spread throughout Europe. According to a paper by Casas Gaspar (1950), there is evidence that supports the ideas that the pagan religions in Spain used bullfighting as a type of sacrificial fertility ritual. Examples of bulls bringing about changes from women to men, homosexuals to heterosexuals, and miraculous tales of unexpected fertility can be found in a large number of Spanish folktales. Other historians believe that the bullfight originated as a way of sacrificing to the gods, as well as demonstrating one’s bravery and dedication to his faith. As paganism declined, the sacrifices stopped, but the practice continued (Mitchell, 1986). Alvarez de Miranda, one of the leading historical researchers on the Spanish bullfight, wrote in 1962, “The great paradox of Spanish bullfighting is that only when it ceased to be a sacral question did it begin to be a sacrifice.” Bullfighting resurfaced with more popularity in the beginning of the 11th century as a form of entertainment at the weddings of Spanish aristocrats (Douglass, 1984). It continued as a small-scale spectacle for the wealthy for the next 700 years, until a group of slaughterhouse employees became the first professional bullfighters. They discovered early on that was a great deal of money to be made by exhibiting their courage in public (Mitchell, 1986). Since then, bullfighting has become a significant part of...
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...these. In clarifying the path, they may be directive or give vague hints. In removing roadblocks, they may scour the path or help the follower move the bigger blocks. In increasing rewards, they may give occasional encouragement. This variation in approach will depend on the situation, including the follower's capability and motivation, as well as the difficulty of the job and other contextual factors. The theory proposes four different kinds of leadership styles. They are directive or instrumental, supportive, participative and achievement-oriented leadership styles. An effective leader is one who knows which style to use and when to use it. House and Mitchell (1974) defined four kinds of behavior in more specific terms: Directive leader behavior is behavior directed toward providing psychological structure for subordinates know what they are expect to do, scheduling and coordinating work, given specific guidance, and clarifying policies, rules, and procedures. Directive behavior is one form of path-goal clarifying behavior. No authoritarian and no punitive directive leader behavior was asserted in the seminal path-goal theory paper to reduce subordinate role ambiguity, clarify...
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...A Psychoanalytic Approach to “The Yellow Wallpaper” The short story “The Yellow Wallpaper” first appeared in the January 1882 publication of The New England Magazine, a monthly literary magazine published in Boston. Authored by Charlotte Perkins Gilman this short story was not well received at printing and was not reprinted until twenty-eight years later in William Dean Howell’s collection,The Great American Short Stories in 1920. As part of the collection it gained some popularity for a time and then just died out again. Unfortunately this was the extent of the life of her work while she was still alive. However in 1973 the story was reissued by the Feminist Press with an exceptional commentary by Elaine Hedges and finally became popularly rediscovered. Elaine Hedges explained the work as a “pioneering masterpiece of feminist literature” (Pompele 61). Since the publication, theorists using a Feminist approach most overwhelmingly study the story.Gilman’s emphasis on the importance of language and text, and the fact that “The Yellow Wallpaper” is a tale of mental breakdown, make Lacanian psychoanalytic a natural way to consider the work in order to help readers understand the author’s use of language as a manifestation not of herself but the “other” as a means to safely express herself. As an autobiographical story there exist very undeniable connections between Gilman’s personal life and that of the narrator. A study of “The Yellow Wallpaper” is quite remiss if not...
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...The issue of mental health is a major issue in Australian health with as it affects all geographic regions and demographics with a wide range of illnesses. 17.4% males and 18% females Australians have experienced mental illness, with some estimates of up to 21.6 % (Andrews, 1999). The need for trained professionals to treat and implement preventative measures is suggested by these numbers, using a wide of treatments such as the recovery model (Cochrane, Barkway & Nizette 2010, p.15). This essay will discuss what constitutes is mental health and mental illness, using the framework of the recovery model with present themes. The central theme to this paper will be the eating disorder Anorexia nervosa looking at the symptoms that present, etiology...
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...Recently, Malcom Wright presented a daunting challenge to the marketing discipline[1] – to justify the ongoing use of segmentation and target marketing. Although his article was written in response to what he characterized as a “startling” argument by Mitchell that zodiac signs be used for segmentation[2], he used the occasion to attack the concepts of segmentation and targeting per se. Although Mitchell’s example of zodiacal segmentation was perhaps light-hearted, his argument is not. Mitchell posits, as do most marketing academics and practitioners, that the firm will be better off – in terms of greater unit sales at (possibly) higher prices and/or lower cost of sales – by emphasizing our approach to certain groups of people and deemphasizing our approach to others. Wright’s argument In essence, Wright totally denies the validity of segmentation and targeting on two grounds. The first ground is that, for segmentation to have validity, the segments are associated with a stable set of preferences. The second ground is that, even if segmentation works, we need to prove that targeting these segments provides a superior return to the firm than does shotgun marketing. He holds[1] that neither ground has been proven, either by Mitchell or by marketers in general. But is he correct? Target marketing defined and explained Not all customers are alike. As unprofound...
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...MEMORY-WORK: AN INTRODUCTION Jennie Small University of Technology, Sydney Research methodology, from the perspective of Critical social science, is considered as: inherently political, as inescapably tied to issues of power and legitimacy. It is assumed that methods are permeated with assumptions about what the social world is, who the social scientist is, and what the nature of the relation between them is (Lather, 1991, p.12). Critical social science moves away from description of behaviour as enduring social fact to attempting to understand how behaviour is produced, thus recasting behaviour as “the effects of contingent and contested processes of change” (Churchman, 2000, p.100 citing Scott). Feminists and those working within a social constructionist paradigm have debated whether there are research methods specific to such approaches. In other words, is there a social constructionist or feminist method? Schwandt (1994), in discussing constructivist, interpretivist approaches to human enquiry, commented that “what is unusual about the approaches cannot be explained through an examination of their methods. They are principally concerned with matters of knowing and being, not method per se” (p.118). Feminists have also considered that it is the methodology and outcomes rather than the methods which define the research as being feminist. Nonetheless, while feminists have adopted a variety of methods, they have tended to prefer qualitative...
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...as much money as possible for the charity and to run a successful event. I think we managed to do all three of those objectives because we managed to raise £1038 from the Quiz Night and the feedback we got from the event was positive. The guests praised our attitude, the food, and our behaviour during the event. However the only two complaints they had were the heating in the hall and the difficulty of the questions. During the actual event everyone was given jobs to do and I think we all did them to a good standard. I was a kind of host as I did a presentation in the beginning of the event and gave people information as to why we were doing the event. Mitchell and Bradley were in charge of selling and organising the raffle and silent auction which they did brilliantly. Sandie and Danielle sorted all of the fish and chips and set them out on the tables in the canteen in the different teams. Before the event, the set up was done very quickly. We all took tables up to the hall and measured the correct distance between the walls and all the tables and chairs. I placed all the bits of paper and place names etc. on the tables so it all looked nice. Then we set up the instruments for the band and prepared the presentation so everything would flow smoothly. I think I performed well on the quiz evening, I thought I contributed a lot in the evening and did a lot of jobs and helped other people as well. I was nervous about doing the presentation on my own at the beginning of the...
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...To meet these goals, education institution should develop a culture and system to support learning which is having the ability of understanding and using knowledge, rather than just remembering facts (John D. Bransford, 1999). Students with disability and ELLs are prone to have difficulties in expressing their learned knowledge through paper exams that focus on recounting of information or essays that need elaborated articulations. Therefore, designing an assessment system that could reflect students’ learning without using English academic language may allow educators to more accurately assess students’ academic attainments. One example of the more flexible assessment is through organizing and assessing academic activities such as building science projects, drawing conceptual pictures, and etc. These activities would prevent teachers from overlooking existing knowledge that can’t be expressed through language; it can also help teachers to better understand student’s ideas and reflect on what can be improved (John D. Bransford,...
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...Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder By Lakisha Mitchell Nash Community College Learning with Behavior Disorders Catherine Jancso EDU 222 10-22-11 Abstract This paper explores the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a condition that can affect children and adults. ADHD in children can cause trouble with focus, patience, and over activity. ADHD is the most common childhood disorder and usually appear early in life often between the ages of 3 and 6. Children that are diagnosed with ADHD usually have problems at home, school and in their social life. ADHD symptoms fall into three categories: inattentive, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The American Academy of Pediatrics has guidelines to help diagnose ADHD. The child’s pediatrician may suggest a combination of medication and behavioral therapy as part of a total treatment. Education of the child’s family is an essential component of any treatment plan, which includes special education programs, psychological intervention and drug treatment. Diagnoses, treatment, keeping track of progress are the three phases of managing ADHD. Studies show that long-term treatment with a combination of medication and behavioral therapy is far superior to just medication treatment. ADHD has nothing to do with intelligence or talent. Many children with ADHD...
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...learning disabilities there is still a long way to go before technology provides a level playing field for these challenged individuals. Many of the issues with existing assistive technology revolves around clumsy, inefficient interfaces that struggle to find a balance between ease of use and sufficient complexity to ensure that the proper sequence of instructions is implemented. Machine learning is on the cutting edge of programming practices and presents some significant improvement possibilities in the areas of natural language processing, pattern recognition, and interface design. Machine learning has the potential to play a significant role in allowing assistive technologies to be more adaptive to persons with diverse sets of needs. This paper will attempt to define some specific areas of assistive technology that could benefit most from the application of machine learning. We will frame the definitions by aligning specific learning disabilities with current and future assistive technologies and then examining how the implementation of machine learning could improve upon them. Introduction The need for assistive technologies is undeniable with as many as 8 to 10 percent of children that are under the age of 18 in the United States having one form of learning disability or another.(NINDS) Experts believe that this statistic will continue to trend up making the area of assistive technology a field of study with...
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...According to Mitchell and Gaskin (2004), the largest area of concern of accessibility is the difficulty of getting an appointment to see a specialist or primary care physician. Once accessibility to services becomes problematic, then quality of care decreases eventually affecting health outcomes. Additionally, the reduced number of pediatric subspecialists is causing delays in treatments for these children (Ireys et al., 1996). A managed care system aims to address these concerns. Therefore, these issues in the current managed care system needs to be resolved quickly to decrease the chance of further degradation of these children’s...
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...I know you guys are so familiar with smoking. The small cylinder of finely cut tobacco leaves rolled in thin paper has spread throughout the world rapidly since it was invented by a French military men during war time at mid-19th century. I acknowledge that everything has two sides, of course smoking is included. People smoke for relaxing and reducing the high pressure coming from life and business. Yes, it can actually help you forget the struggling and difficulties for a while. But do you know how unhealthy it is? Do you know how many people die because of smoking every year? To be honest, the negative side of smoking is way larger than the positive. Smoking always comes with the disease which affecting heart, lungs, and liver. so stop smoking, compare with the harm of it, the transitory happiness that cigarette brings to you is negligible....
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