...VOLCANISM =is the term which covers all kinds of volcanic activities., it also includes the process that gives rise to magma and causes its movements in the earth. = It also covers expulsion of gases, lava, and solid materials from the opening in the crust. VOLCANO =Is a vent, hill, or mountain from which molten or hot rock and gaseous materials are ejected =In our country we have more than 200 volcanoes they are distributed in five volcanic belt intimately related to subduction or convergent process MAGMA =The term magma comes from the Greek word that means “kneaded mixture” like a dough or paste. =Its geologic application refers to ant hot mobile materials within the earth that is capable of penetrating into or through the rocks of the crust. Types of Volcanic cones Types of volcanic eruption 1. QUIET = the fluid lava spreads out quickly to form a broad cone with gentle slopes. 2. EXPLOSIVE = some volcanoes explode with unbelievable violence. The eruption is often preceded by loud rumbling and earthquakes. 3. INTERMEDIATE = between the quiet ang the explosive kinds is the intermediate which is sometimes quiet, sometimes explosive, or a combination of both. 4. FISSURE = the largest amount of volcanic materials are extruded fro cracks in the cruct. Product of eruption 1.Gases and Vapors 2.Pyroclastic Materials 3.Lava Economic importance of Volcanic eruption products 1.The fumarole gases are used for generating electric...
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...Poras Shah (20141049) Faculty Mentor: Prof. Sudhir Yadav Mentor’s Comments on Progress: Mentor’s Signature with date: INDEX Sr.No. | Topics | | 1. | Introduction | | 2. | Exploration | | | 1.1 Onshore seismology | | | 1.2 Offshore seismology | | | 1.3 Megnatometer | | | 1.4 Gravitimeter | | | 1.5 The drilling and completion process | | | 1.6 Types of drilling | | | 1.7 Risk anaylisis during exploration | | | 1.8 Key challenges | | | 1.9 Appropriate solutions | | 3. | Liquefaction | | | 2.1 Liquefaction Process | | | 2.2 Different Liquefaction Techniques | | | 2.3 Liquefaction Process | | | 2.4 Solution to the issues related to Liquefaction of LNG | | 4. | Transportation | | | 3.1 Need of transportation of gas in form of lng | | | 3.2 LNG carrier | | | 3.3 Trading of LNG | | | 3.4 Types of LNG terminals | | | 3.5 Solution to issues related to transportation of lng | | 5. | Regasification | | | 4.1 Regasification Process | | | 4.2 Factors for LNG vaporizer selection process | | | 4.3 Open Rack Vaporisers (ORVS) and its features | | | 4.4 Challenges | | ABSTRACT World primary energy demand is expected to grow by 1.6% per annum over the period 2010 to 2030, which will require 39% additional energy to meet this requirement. The share of oil in energy use will decrease by 2030 , Natural gas share increases and reaches 25.9% of world energy...
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...kidneys for removal. * It carries hormones from endocrine cells to their target organs. * It transports a variety of stem cells from the bone marrow and other origins to the tissues where they lodge and mature. Protection * The blood plays several roles in inflammation, a mechanism for limiting the spread of infection. * White blood cells destroy microorganisms and cancer cells. * Antibodies and other blood proteins neutralize toxins and help to destroy pathogens. * Platelets secrete factors that initiate blood clotting and other processes for minimizing blood loss. Regulation * By absorbing or giving off fluid under different conditions, the blood capillaries help to stabilize fluid distribution in the body. * By buffering acids and bases, blood proteins help to stabilize the pH of the extracellular fluids. * Shifts in blood flow help to regulate...
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...Northern California Geolo Geology of Northern California Frank DeCourten Department of Earth Science Sierra College Standing more than 10,000 feet (3,000 m) above the surrounding terrain, Mt. Shasta is the largest volcano in northern California and symbolizes the dynamic geologic processes that have shaped a spectacular landscape. 63829_02_insidecover.qxd 11/25/08 12:53 AM Page ii ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS TO ASK Northern California.1 Introduction Ⅲ What are northern California’s physiographic provinces? Ⅲ What is the Farallon subduction zone? al Ⅲ What two types of plate boundaries exist in northern California today? th Ⅲ What are terranes, how do they originate, and why are they important in northern California? Northern California.2 The Sierra Nevada: California’s Geologic alifornia’s Ge Backbone Ⅲ What is the Sierra Nevada batholith? rra batholi Ⅲ What kinds of rocks surround the Sierra Nevada batholith? ra Ⅲ When and how was the modern Sierra Nevada uplifted? e Ⅲ What types of gold deposits occur in the Sierra Nevada? e? Ⅲ What is the Mother Lode? Northern California.3 The Klamath M Mountains t ath an Ne evada Ⅲ In what ways are the Klamath Mountains and the Sierra Nevada similar? ds ro o ath M Ⅲ What kinds of rocks comprise the ophiolites in the Klamath Mountains and what tectonic events do they signify? ineral occu th ntai Ⅲ What mineral resources occur in the Klamath Mountains? Northern California...
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...and high viscosity due to their small particle sizes. They can absorb large amounts of water because of their structure. When smectite is exposed to the blood, its negative surface charge leads to the activation of the intrinsic coagulation pathway. Smectite has been incorporated into a non-biodegradable commercial product along with super water absorbent poly-acrylic acid salt. The main advantage is its facile use (it can be poured in the wound), conformability for all kinds of wound cavities and durability. But, the major concern with the product is the possibility of thrombosis in distal organs such as the brain and lungs and inflammatory reactions at the site of application. [39] 2.9 SYNTHETIC ADHESIVES: Adhesives are low viscosity fluids that polymerize in few seconds making a solid film that connects the tissues surfaces atraumatically. This makes adhesives effective tissue sealants and effective hemostatic agents. They can be divided in synthetic (cyanoacrylates and PEG – polyethylene glycol sealants) and semisynthetic (glutaraldehyde- albumin) sealants. [14, 49, 50] 2.9.1 CYANOACRYLATES: Cyanoacrylates rapidly polymerize into long chains to form an adhesive on contact with various anionic substances, such as water or blood, producing a flexible film that bridges the wounds and holds the apposed wound edges together. These compounds are generally nonreactive and give a waterproof physical blockade. These adhesives can stick to gloves and instruments. Most of these products...
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...Shock Waves (2009) 19:453–468 DOI 10.1007/s00193-009-0220-z ORIGINAL ARTICLE Some physical aspects of shock wave/boundary layer interactions Jean Délery · Jean-Paul Dussauge Received: 9 February 2009 / Accepted: 29 June 2009 / Published online: 26 July 2009 © Springer-Verlag 2009 Abstract When the flow past a vehicle flying at high velocity becomes supersonic, shock waves form, caused either by a change in the slope of a surface, a downstream obstacle or a back pressure constraining the flow to become subsonic. In modern aerodynamics, one can cite a large number of circumstances where shock waves are present. The encounter of a shock wave with a boundary layer results in complex phenomena because of the rapid retardation of the boundary layer flow and the propagation of the shock in a multilayered structure. The consequence of shock wave/ boundary layer interaction (SWBLI) are multiple and often critical for the vehicle or machine performance. The shock submits the boundary layer to an adverse pressure gradient which may strongly distort its velocity profile. At the same time, in turbulent flows, turbulence production is enhanced which amplifies the viscous dissipation leading to aggravated performance losses. In addition, shock-induced separation most often results in large unsteadiness which can damage the vehicle structure or, at least, severely limit its performance. The article first presents basic and well-established results on the physics of SWBLI corresponding to...
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...85 Hydraulic turbines—basic principles and state-of-theart computational fluid dynamics applications P Drtina* and M Sallaberger Sulzer Hydro AG, Zurich, Switzerland ¨ Abstract: The present paper discusses the basic principles of hydraulic turbines, with special emphasis on the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a tool which is being increasingly applied to gain insight into the complex three-dimensional (3D) phenomena occurring in these types of fluid machinery. The basic fluid mechanics is briefly treated for the three main types of hydraulic turbine: Pelton, Francis and axial turbines. From the vast number of applications where CFD has proven to be an important help to the design engineer, two examples have been chosen for a detailed discussion. The first example gives a comparison of experimental data and 3D Euler and 3D Navier–Stokes results for the flow in a Francis runner. The second example highlights the state-of-the-art of predicting the performance of an entire Francis turbine by means of numerical simulation. Keywords: hydraulic turbines, flow prediction, stage simulation, hill chart, Navier–Stokes and Euler computations NOTATION C, c E g h at h d H H s k K c K u K w n Q R, r T U, u W, w Z a b e f g absolute velocity (m/s) energy per unit mass (m2/s2) gravity (m/s2) atmospheric pressure head (m) vapour pressure head (m) turbine head (m) suction head (m) turbulent kinetic energy (m2/s2) normalized velocity normalized circumferential velocity normalized relative...
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...Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, BMW Building, P.O. Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa Received 10 October 2006; accepted 13 February 2007 Abstract The murine Balb/c asthma model has been used successfully for a number of in vivo immunological applications and for testing novel therapeutics, and it is a reliable, clinically relevant facsimile of the human disease. Here we investigate whether this model can be used to study other components of the human body, e.g. ultrastrucure. In particular, we investigate the effect of the phytomedicine Euphorbia hirta (used to treat asthma), on the ultrastructure of fibrin as well as platelets, cellular structures that both play an important role in the coagulation process. Hydrocortisone is used as positive control. Ultrastructure of the fibrin networks and platelets of control mice were compared to mice that were asthmatic, treated with two concentrations of hydrocortisone and one concentration of the plant material. Results indicate control mice possess major, thick fibers and minor thin fibers as well as tight round platelet aggregates with typical pseudopodia formation. Minor fibers of asthmatic mice have a netlike appearance covering the major fibers, while the platelets seem to form loosely connected, granular aggregates. Both concentrations of hydrocortisone make the fibrin more fragile and that platelet morphology changes form a tight platelet aggregate to a more granular aggregate not closely fused to...
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...coagulation and flocculation facilities permits cost-effective removal in subsequent solid separation processes. Particulates inorganic origin such as clay, silt, and mineral oxides generally enter surface water by natural erosion processes and can decrease the clarity of the water to an unacceptable level. Organic particulates, such as colloidal humic and fulvic acids are a product of decay and leaching of organic debris and litter which have fallen in the water source. These particulates impart a color to the water which in some extreme cases can be nearly opaque. Removal of this particulate contaminants is required both for aesthetic and health concerns This paper looks at what is considered to be the heart of the modern water treatment process which are the coagulation and flocculation processes. In order to explain the processes effectively,...
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...pellet system commonly called MUPS. These are composed of polymer coated subunits namely pellets; which are embedded in an inert excipients matrix designed to overcome the difficulties in administering capsules and improved physico-chemical stability compared to suspensions. The functional coating like drug coating, barrier coating, enteric polymer coating is usually applied in a fluid bed coating processor provides each subunit with the characteristic desired drug release properties. The size, shape and surface morphology of the pellets to be coated are the prerequisites for coating of pellets. Design of MUPS involves formulating pellets by different techniques and further compression of these pellets into rapidly disintegrating tablets; disintegrate rapidly in the oral cavity for the delivery of coated pellets into the gastrointestinal tract or the site of release of the drug. In spite of the challenges like content uniformity of the compressed tablets, ability of the film to withstand compression force. MUPS occupy a prominent role in formulating drugs due to their greater patient compliance, process, formulation and therapeutic advantages. A design principle of increasing importance for sustained, controlled, delayed, site specific or pulsatile release preparations is the compaction of coated particles into disintegrating multiple unit tablets. One challenge in the production of disintegrating multiple unit tablets is maintaining the modified drug release after compaction, as...
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...Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell) Chapter 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The summary equation for photosynthesis is A) 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6 O2. B) C5H12O6 + 6 O2 + sunlight → 5 CO2 + 6 H2O. C) C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + sunlight → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O. D) the same as the equation for glycolysis written in reverse. E) 6 CH2O + 5 O2 + sunlight → CO2 + 2 H2O. Answer: A Topic: Opening Essay Skill: Factual Recall 2) Which of the following statements regarding photosynthesis and carbon dioxide is false? A) Plants require carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make glucose. B) Burning fossil fuels release carbon dioxide that was removed from the atmosphere millions of years ago. C) Because of their short growth period and self-regeneration, willows are more viable as a source of potential power than the trees in most natural forests. D) Most of the food humans eat can be traced back to photosynthetic plants. E) Burning wood contributes more to acid rain than burning fossil fuels. Answer: E Topic: Opening Essay Skill: Factual Recall 3) What is the name given to organisms that can make their own food and the food for the biosphere? A) chemotrophs B) heterotrophs C) manufacturers D) synthesizers E) producers Answer: E Topic: 7.1 Skill:...
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...Final Report on the Investigation of the Macondo Well Blowout Deepwater Horizon Study Group March 1, 2011 The Deepwater Horizon Study Group (DHSG) was formed by members of the Center for Catastrophic Risk Management (CCRM) in May 2010 in response to the blowout of the Macondo well on April 20, 2010. A fundamental premise in the DHSG work is: we look back to understand the why‘s and how‘s of this disaster so we can better understand how best to go forward. The goal of the DHSG work is defining how to best move forward – assessing what major steps are needed to develop our national oil and gas resources in a reliable, responsible, and accountable manner. Deepwater Horizon Study Group Investigation of the Macondo Well Blowout Disaster This Page Intentionally Left Blank Deepwater Horizon Study Group Investigation of the Macondo Well Blowout Disaster In Memoriam Jason Anderson Senior tool pusher Dewey Revette Driller Stephen Curtis Assistant driller Donald Clark Assistant driller Dale Burkeen Crane operator Karl Kleppinger Roughneck Adam Weise Roughneck Shane Roshto Roughneck Wyatt Kemp Derrick man Gordon Jones Mud engineer Blair Manuel Mud engineer 1 Deepwater Horizon Study Group Investigation of the Macondo Well Blowout Disaster In Memoriam The Environment 2 Deepwater Horizon Study Group Investigation of the Macondo Well Blowout Disaster Table of Contents In Memoriam....................................................................
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...NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SILCHAR Bachelor of Technology Programmes amï´>r¶ JH$s g§ñWmZ, m¡Úmo{ à VO o pñ Vw dZ m dY r V ‘ ñ Syllabi and Regulations for Undergraduate PROGRAMME OF STUDY (wef 2012 entry batch) Ma {gb Course Structure for B.Tech (4years, 8 Semester Course) Civil Engineering ( to be applicable from 2012 entry batch onwards) Course No CH-1101 /PH-1101 EE-1101 MA-1101 CE-1101 HS-1101 CH-1111 /PH-1111 ME-1111 Course Name Semester-1 Chemistry/Physics Basic Electrical Engineering Mathematics-I Engineering Graphics Communication Skills Chemistry/Physics Laboratory Workshop Physical Training-I NCC/NSO/NSS L 3 3 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 13 T 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 P 0 0 0 3 0 2 3 2 2 8 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 6 0 0 8 2 C 8 6 8 5 6 2 3 0 0 38 8 8 8 8 6 2 0 0 40 8 8 6 6 6 2 2 2 40 6 6 8 2 Course No EC-1101 CS-1101 MA-1102 ME-1101 PH-1101/ CH-1101 CS-1111 EE-1111 PH-1111/ CH-1111 Course Name Semester-2 Basic Electronics Introduction to Computing Mathematics-II Engineering Mechanics Physics/Chemistry Computing Laboratory Electrical Science Laboratory Physics/Chemistry Laboratory Physical Training –II NCC/NSO/NSS Semester-4 Structural Analysis-I Hydraulics Environmental Engg-I Structural Design-I Managerial Economics Engg. Geology Laboratory Hydraulics Laboratory Physical Training-IV NCC/NSO/NSS Semester-6 Structural Design-II Structural Analysis-III Foundation Engineering Transportation Engineering-II Hydrology &Flood...
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...ate Aptitude Test in Engineering GATE 2014 Brochure Table of Contents 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................1 2. About GATE 2014 ......................................................................................................1 2.1. Financial Assistance ............................................................................................................................ 1 2.2 Employment ............................................................................................................................................ 2 2.3 Administration ....................................................................................................................................... 2 3.1 Changes Introduced in GATE 2013 that will continue to remain in force for GATE 2014 .......................................................................................................................................................... 3 4.1 Eligibility for GATE 2014 ................................................................................................................... 4 4.2 GATE Papers ............................................................................................................................................ 5 4.3 Zone-Wise List of Cities in which GATE 2014 will be Held ................................................... 6 4.4 Zone-Wise List of Cities for 3rd...
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...[pic] Staff Manual 2014 Congratulations! You have been selected to work at one of the best summer day camps in Indiana. We thank you for deciding to join us and wish you a wonderful summer! Camp is an adventure into the heart, mind, and soul of children. This adventure not only touches the lives of many, many children, but also is an adventure that changes you. Children have a magical way of making you look at yourself in a whole new light. Take advantage of this opportunity. It’s only one summer at modest wages, but it may be the most meaningful summer for you and the children. What a perfect opportunity to play … to imagine, to create, to laugh, to love … and still be able to call it work. It’s hard to imagine a more rewarding job … where at the end of the summer you know you did something good … something that made a difference in the lives of children; something that made you a better person; and something that left the world a better place. It’s the opportunity of a lifetime. Take it! Note: This manual provides you with information necessary to perform your job this summer. It includes pertinent information from the Seasonal Employee Manual and specific information relating to employment with the summer camp program. You are required to read this manual in its entirety and are responsible for the material in it at all times. You are required to have your staff binder with you at all times and to have this manual in it. Failure...
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