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Models: Too Thin?

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Models: Too Thin?

There was a saying that you could never be too rich or too thin. But with the rise of eating disorders in the modeling industry, fashion scouts are rethinking their choice in girls. Models with low body mass index or BMI have become the industry norm, which in turn is causing societies perception of a beautiful woman to be distorted. Fashion scouts need to be more aware of the model’s natural BMI that they employ and require help if signs of an eating disorder are present. A Utilitarian point of view on whether or not thin models should be banned would be to ban the use of thin models in modeling.

In the 1960’s, supermodel Twiggy came on the scene. She is best known for her very thin, waiflike figure that brought on her nickname (Twiggy). Twiggy’s look became the new desired look for models regardless of whether it was their natural size or a size that was brought on by an eating disorder or excessive exercise. Now decades later we are still seeing the effects of the demand for stick thin models and how it has affected society. More specifically the rise in eating disorders and low body mass index or BMI in models on the runway today.

There are two types of eating disorders that are most common: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa.

Anorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder where a person diets, exercise, or doesn’t eat even if they are underweight. People with this disorder often times have a large fear of becoming overweight or gaining weight. Those with anorexia nervosa have a warped perception of themselves (Thompson p159-161).

Bulimia Nervosa is when a person binges on food or has frequent episodes of overeating. They then use different methods to relieve themselves of their overeating by vomiting or abusing laxatives in order to prevent weight gain. Often time people that suffer from bulimia nervosa also suffer from anorexia nervosa (Thompson p159-161).

Both eating disorders can create health issues and even death in serious cases. There have been multiple models and people in the media spotlight that have passed from eating disorders or complications due to eating disorders. Just one of these model’s was a French model named Isabella Caro. She died on November 17, 2010 at the age of 28. She was most known for becoming the international face of anorexia after allowing herself to be photographed nude for an Italian advertising campaign to raise awareness about anorexia (Grimes).

Body Mass Index or BMI is the measure of an individual’s body fat by using that individual’s height and weight (Body Mass Index). Today women are overwhelmed with images of extremely thin women on a daily basis. These images are of women that are substantially below the average weight and have a low BMI. The constant use of women below weight in the media and on runways has resulted in the thin body being ideal and beautiful which in turn leaves the average woman feeling dissatisfied with her body (Pacheco). This dissatisfied feeling of the average woman has also led to an increase in eating disorders as well as an increase eating disorders in teens.

Some counties have already decided and put into motion banning ultra-skinny models in their fashion shows. In the 1980’s French modeling agencies introduced strict guidelines that included mandatory medical visits for models under 16. In September of 2007, Madrid’s fashion week banned models with a BMI lower then 18. Milan also made efforts in 2007 to restrict the use of underweight models (Diderich). The Council of Fashion Designers of America (CDFA) which works in partnership with the fashion industry, medical experts, nutritionists, and fitness trainers have proposed a series of steps designed to promote wellness and healthier working environment. In January 2007, the CDFA issued a health initiative to address the concern about whether some models are unhealthily thin and whether the fashion industry should impose restrictions in such cases (CDFA Health Initiative).

The guidelines that the CDFA has developed include educating the industry to recognize the early warning signs of eating disorders, require models that have been identified as having an eating disorder to seek professional help and should not continue modeling without the professional’s approval. The CDFA also wants strict rules on the age of models by not hiring models under the age of sixteen for runway shows and not allowing those under 18 to work past midnight at fittings or shoots. They require sets to supply healthy meals, snacks, and water backstage and at shoots. Also, the fashion industry is now required to provide nutrition and fitness education (CDFA Health Initiative).

Utilitarian’s believe that when an act or decision brings out the greater good or happiness for everyone then it is morally correct (Thiroux p42). Because there has been such a rampant case of eating disorders in modeling, a Utilitarian would opt to end using thin models. They would also justify this because of the effect that media images have on society and how seeing overly thin models would promote eating disorders. By ending the use of thin models, the hope would be that the amount of eating disorders developed by both models and society would decrease. This would ultimately be the best for everyone as there are multiple health risks and even the possibility of death brought on by eating disorders. A negative side to the Utilitarian view point is that for those people that have a naturally low BMI, they are being banned for no reason at all. They do not have an eating disorder and by banning them the possibility of those with a low BMI developing self-esteem issues could rise.

Although the Utilitarian viewpoint seems like it would help solve the issue with eating disorders amongst models, it may not necessarily be the right thing to do. In either situation, whether it be models that are too thin or the industry standard currently with models that are too large being undesirable, a body type is always excluded. It’s possible that if thin models where no longer used and the fashion industry only wanted plus sized models, people who were naturally thin would begin to dislike their body. Society has been trained to view thin as beautiful, but what if it was the other way around? The same might happen if healthy, athletic models were used instead, people and society as a whole may began to be healthier as societies perception turns from thin being beautiful to healthy and athletic as beautiful.

A Utilitarian would be for banning the use of thin models in the fashion industry however I feel as though through strict regulations like what the CDFA has already put in place the amount of models with eating disorders will decrease. Fashion scouts also needs to break away from hiring and promoting models that are not healthy and have an excessively low BMI. By requiring models with or with potential eating disorders to seek professional help and not allowed to model, hopefully the outcome will be more consistently healthy models. I do not think that the only factor should be BMI because there are individuals such as Twiggy with low BMI but do not suffer from an eating disorder. Some individuals have a naturally fast metabolism allowing them to eat whatever but yet maintain a low BMI. As long as those individuals are healthy they should not be banned from modeling. Also by increasing awareness and knowledge of eating disorders in the fashion industry more models will be able to be helped and their health restored before their disease becomes to extreme.

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Work Cited

"Body Mass Index." Calculate Your BMI. NIH, n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2014. <https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/obesity/BMI/bmicalc.htm>.

"CFDA Health Initiative." CFDA. Council of Fashion Designers of America, n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2014. <http://www.cfda.com/programs/cfda-health-initiative>.

Diderich, Joelle. "Fashion Industry Tying to Come to Grips With How to Address Eating Disorders." The Canadian Press, 26 Jan. 2007. Web. 12 Mar. 2014. <http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ai.libproxy.edmc.edu/ehost/detail?sid=de40d508- 01da-4483-966d- f53f40119ed7%40sessionmgr113&vid=1&hid=121&bdata=JnNjb3BlPXNpdGU%3d #db=rc h&AN=MYO164526009807>.

Grimes, William. "Isabelle Caro, Anorexic Model, Dies at 28." The New York Times. The New York Times, 30 Dec. 2010. Web. 24 Mar. 2014. <http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/31/world/europe/31caro.html?_r=0>.

Pacheco, Sandra Hurtado, Aída "Media Stereotypes." Encyclopedia of Women and Gender: Sex Similarities and Differences and the Impact of Society on Gender. Oxford: Elsevier Science & Technology, 2001. Credo Reference. Web. 12 March 2014.

Thiroux, Jacques P., and Keith W. Krasemann. " Consequentialist (Teleological) Theories of Morality." The Art Institutes. Ethics: Theory and Practice, 10th Edition, n.d. Web. 24 March. 2014. <https://digitalbookshelf.aionline.edu/#/books/0558525733/pages/55823925>

Thompson, Becky W. "Eating Disorders." The Reader's Companion to U.s. Women's History. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. Credo Reference. Web. 12 March 2014.

"Twiggy (1949)." The Penguin Biographical Dictionary of Women. London: Penguin, 1998. Credo Reference. Web. 12 March 2014.

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