...gas phase at 600 K and 1 bar with a reactor feed ratio of 3 moles H2 per 1 mole styrene. What is the equilibrium composition of the three components? C6H5CH=CH2 + H2 ( C6H5CH2CH3 ΔGf° = -19.84 kcal/mol ΔHf° = -29.5 kcal/mol R = 1.987 kcal / (mol K) ln(K298) = -ΔGf°/RT ( K298 = exp(-ΔGf°/RT) = exp(19.84 /(1.987x10-3)/298) = 3.562x1014 K600 = K298 (-ΔΗf°(1/T – 1/298)/R) = 3.562x1014 (29.5(1/600 – 1/298)/(1.987x10-3)) = 4583 νetb=1, νsty=-1, νh2=-1, ν=-1 nh20 = 3 nsty0 = 1 ysty = (1 – ε) / (4 – ε) yh2 = (3 – ε) / (4 – ε) yetb = ε / (4 – ε) K = yetb / (yh2 ysty) = [ ε / (4 – ε)] / [(1 – ε) / (4 – ε) *(3 – ε) / (4 – ε)] = [ε(4–ε)]/[(1–ε) (3–ε)] 3K -4Kε + Κε2 -4ε + ε2 = 0 (K+1)ε2 – 4(K+1)ε + 3K = 0 ( (4584)ε2 – 4(4584)ε + 3(4583) = 0 ε ’ 0.9997 ysty = 0.0001 0.162 0.160 yh2 = 0.6667 OR 0.762 OR 0.160 yetb = 0.3332 0.162 0.160 if you used incorrect R-value printed on exam if you switched DG and DH (since DH not labeled correctly) (4) In the absence of a selective catalyst, the synthesis of methanol can be accompanied by a side reaction in which coke (solid carbon) is formed (see below). If 1 mol CO and 2 mol H2 are fed to a reactor at 298 K and 0.5 bar, approximately how many moles of coke will form? CO(g) + 2H2(g) ( CH3OH(g) 2CO(g)...
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...mass of Na2SO4. must be calculated to find the moles of Na2SO4. Molar mass of Na2SO4. = 2 AW of Na + AW of S + 4 AW of O (where AW = atomic weight) = 2(22.99 g/mol) + 32.07 g/mol + 4(16.00 g/mol) = 142.05 g Na2SO4./mol Na2SO4. Find the moles of Na2SO4.: 15.0 g Na2SO4 x 1 mole Na2SO4142.05 g Na2SO4 = 0.106 mol Na2SO4 Find the volume of solution in liters. Recall from part a, the mass of solution is 415.0g. 415.0 g solution x 1 mL solution1.056 g solution x 1 L solution1000 mL solution = 0.3930 L solution Calculate the molarity: Molarity of Na2SO4 = 0.106 mol Na2SO40.3930 L solution = 0.270 M Na2SO4 1 c. The moles of Na2SO4 is already known from part b. Find the kilograms of solvent (water): 400.0 g H2O x 1 kg H2O1000 g H2O = 0.4000 kg H2O Calculate the molality of Na2SO4 : molality of Na2SO4 = 0.106 mol Na2SO40.4000 kg water = 0.265 m Na2SO4 1 d. Calculate the parts per thousand of Na2SO4 from the mass of solute and mass of solution: ppt Na2SO4 = 15.0 g Na2SO4415 g solution x 1000 = 36.1 ppt Na2SO4 1 e. Parts per million may also be expressed as mg solute/L solution. In this case, converting the molarity to ppm will be the simplest route: 0.270 mol Na2SO4L solution x 2 mol Na+1 mol Na2SO4 x 22.99 g Na+1 mol Na+ x 1000 mg Na+1 g Na+ = 1.24 x 104 ppm Na+ 1 e. For the mole fraction of sulfate, we need to have: mole fraction SO42- = mol...
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...THERMOCHEMISTRY OF NaOH AND HCl LAB Overview Teacher’s Instruction: Find the Molar Heat of Reaction for the NaOH reaction. Then, predict and calculate the change in enthalpy (ΔE) and change in heat (ΔH) when 5.00g NaOH reacts completely with HCl. Reaction Equation: NaOH(s) + HCl(aq) -> NaCl(aq) + H2O(liq) Net Ionic Equation: Na(OH)(s) + H+(aq) -> H2O(liq) + Na+(aq) The Big Question: If we combine solid NaOH and aqueous HCl, how will the temperature change? What will the change be with, specifically, 5.00g of NaOH? Scientific Background and Principle: WELL, I’ll have you know that we got our hands on a fancy-schmancy Lab Quest 2 with a temperature probe. Now this device allows us to accurately record the temperature of a given entity over a period of time; as such, by having the Lab Quest record the temperature of the system, we were able to gather the total temperature change for the reaction. In theory, the temperature should increase by 53.10o Variables * Independent Variable: Amount of NaOH * We had a theoretical value for temperature that was dependent on the amount of NaOH used; as such, we set our amount at a certain point to achieve that temperature. * Dependent Variable: Heat of Reaction (Temperature) * We measured the temperature of the reaction throughout its duration, which would have varied in intensity and duration based on the amount of NaOH we used * Controlled Variables * Light-- by enclosing the reaction in darkness...
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...Dublin Institute of Technology | Combustion | Thermodynamics Laboratory | | Name: Shiyas Basheer Student Number: D10119909 Programme/Course: DT022/3 Group: A Date of lab: 09/04/2013 Abstract Table of Contents Abstract 1 Introduction and Procedure 3 Calculations 3 Theory 3 Mass Flow rate analysis 4 Exhaust Gas 6 Results 7 Conclusion 8 Reference 9 Equivalent ratio of a gas turbine Introduction and Procedure For this experiment, a two shaft gas turbine (ET792) was used. At the core of ET792 are a so-called gas generator and a free-running power turbine. The gas generator consists of a radial compressor, a combustion chamber and a radial turbine. The compressor and turbine are mounted on a shaft. The gas turbine works as an open cyclic process, with the ambient air being drawn out and fed back in. Intake and exhaust silencers reduce the noise in operation of the power turbine. The use of propane as the combustion gas ensures clean, odorless operation. A start-up fan is used to start the gas turbine. The air is compressed and fed to the combustion chamber. Before it enters the combustion chamber the air is slowed by means of a diffuser. The air is then split into primary and secondary. The primary air mixes and burns with the fuel and the secondary air cool the exhaust gases. Relevant measuring values are recorded by sensors and indicated on the display and control panel. The energy of the exhaust gas stream is either converted into mechanical...
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...“Yet Do I Marvel,” Countee Cullen expresses an ambivalence that many of us are familiar with. It is not too difficult to sympathize with the poet’s opening lines: “I doubt that God is good, well-meaning, kind,/And Did he stoop to quibble could tell why/The little buried mole continues blind.” Here, it is made plain to us that his beliefs dictate that God is ultimately good and righteous, yet, nonetheless, life has apparently given him reasons to question his. As the title indicates, Cullen is marveling at life and human beings as God’s creations and the relationship we have with Him. Although he says he is free of doubt, skepticism appears to be present in this remark. Here perhaps the rather rhetorical question of why life is the way it is is being posed. It seems, at least up until this point, that Cullen is supposing that a truly good God would not subject His creatures to such paradoxical, even cruel, situations. Upon closer analysis of the mole and its scenario (“The little buried mole continues blind”), which may function as a metaphor for the poet himself, the possibility is not ruled out that the poet is hinting to us what seems to be an inescapably bad situation may in fact be a fixable one. A mole, like all creatures, has adapted in ways that allows it to survive, and it may be that Cullen is suggesting to us that thing are not as random and as terrible as they may seem and that there is a way out of challenging situations. The following line, though, counters this...
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...Experiment #8 Molecular Weight by freezing Point Depression Maureen Shultz November 14, 2015 I. Purpose The purpose of this experiment was to determine the molecular weight of two unknown substances by measuring the freezing point depression of an aqueous solution of the unknown substances. II. Experiment Method Equipment: Test tube Constant temperature bath Thermometer Chemicals: H2O Unknown substance #1 Unknown substance #2 To begin this experiment, I started by placing an empty test tube on the solid surface workstation and poured 10mL of H2O into the test tube. I then attached a thermometer to the test tube, documenting that the liquid is clear in color. I then placed a constant temperature bath onto the solid surface workstation. I set the temperature of the constant temperature bath to the freezing point of ethylene glycol ,-15 degrees Celsius. When the desired temperature is reached, I gently place the test tube into in the constant temperature bath. Carefully observing the test tube, I noticed an ice formation, and then documented the temperature at which the freezing point of the solution became a solid. I then carefully clear the workstation and set up for the next experiment. A second empty test tube is placed on the solid surface workstation. I then pour 2 grams of the first unknown sample substance into the empty test tube and attach a thermometer. I notice a silver substance in the bottom of the test tube. I add 10mL of...
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...measuring dry material, weighing it, and then mixing it with distilled water. This will be necessary in order to observe the reaction and calculate more. Then the water was now filtered in the paper filter, this filter would later be dried in the sunlight and weighed to measure the mass of the product. After the filtering was complete, the percent yield could be calculated, as well as the actual mass of the precipitate. Data: |Initial: CaCl2*2H20 (g) |1.0 g | |Initial: CaCl2*2H20 (moles) |.0068 | |Initial: CaCl2 (moles) |.0068 | |Initial: NaCO3 (moles) |.0012 | |Initial:...
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...Properties of Substances and Their Structures (experiment B) Aim To investigate the empirical formula of a compound and to specify the empirical formula of a compound. Hypothesis I predict that the mass of copper sulfate will decrease if heated / burned, because the hydrogen inside it will vaporize and therefore the mass of CuSO4 after heated / burned decrease. Variables Independent : CuSO(Copper Sulfate) Dependent : Mass of curcible and magnesium; mass of curcible and magnesium oxide Control : Same mass of empty curcible, sama mass of magnesium before burned Materials Name of compound | Quantity | Hydrated cooper(II) sulfate (CuSO) | 1 | Bunsen Burner | 1 | Tripos stand | 1 | Pipeclay triangle | 1 | Crubicle | 1 | Pair of tongs | 1 | Electronic balencing | 1 | Sand paper | 3 | Procedures 1). Clean up the crucible until there’s nothing in it. 2). Weight an empty crucible. 3). Crush the CuSO until it become powder. 4). Measure the magnesium (CuSO) about 2 g. 5). Put it in the empty crucible. 6). Heat it until 5 minutes and another 5 minutes until the weight of crucible +magnesium after each minutes become constant. 7) Repeat step 3 – 6 for the second trial. Data Collection After Burned and the mass is constant. Trial | Mass of Crucible + Magnesium Oxide (g) | 1 | 55,19 g | 2 | 54,57 g | ∑Mass | 54,88 g | Trial | Mass of Crucible + Magnesium (g) | 1 | 54,19 g | 2 | 53,78 g | ∑Mass | 53...
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...My sister and I were the first ones to arrive at El Pueblito Patio located on 1423 Richmond Avenue Saturday morning around 11 a.m. Since we were so early we were lucky enough to be seated in one of the many white linen cabanas. This restaurant is known in Houston as a cultural, Latin American-Caribbean fusion. As we glanced over the menu, several delicious items popped up, such as redfish, salmon, trout and chicken often paired with a fruit relish, yellow rice and vegetables. The waiter brought us free appetizers, two bowls, one red salsa and the other a yellowish color salsa with some green specks. My sister took a bite out of the yellow salsa, I bit into the corn chips and red salsa. We were both surprised to find out that we enjoyed the tastes of the salsas which were uniquely different. However, we could not figure out what special ingredients were in the salsa but as soon as our waiter arrived we immediately determined the secret as to what the yellow in the salsa was and that was pineapple and a jalapeño blend which was the green specks in the salsa. Both were delicious and exotic. Being on a student budget, we decided the free appetizers were more than adequate for flavor and our budget. Next up was the entrées, we came across many options including both Tex-Mex and Caribbean dishes but ended up with two great choices; the Caribbean snapper which is a fresh bay snapper which is infused with El Pueblito Patio house sauce which came with beans, rice, fried plantains...
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...A. The Mole 1.Calculate the moles of chlorine (Cl2) in 50.0 g of Cl2. 50g Cl2 (1 mole Cl270g Cl2)= 0.71 mole Cl2 0.71 moles Cl2 * 6.02 *1023 = 4.2742 * 1023 moles 2. Determine the mass of one moleculeof hydrogen sulphide gas. H= 1 *2 =2 S= 32.065* 1 = 32 Molar mass of H2S = 32g/mol 3. How many molecules of are there in 60.0 g of N2O? 60g Cl2 (1 mole Cl244g Cl2)= 1.36 moles Cl2 1.36 moles Cl2 * 6.02 *1023 = 8.1872 * 1023 moles 4. If you consumed 500g of sugar in one week, how many molecules of sugar have you consumed? 500g C12H22O11(1 mole c12H22o11342g c12H22o11)=1.46 moles c12H22o11 1.46 moles c12H22o11 (6.02 * 1023) = 8.7892 * 1023moles B. Formula / Molecular Mass 1. Magnetite Fe3O4 Fe- 56x3= 168 O- 16x4 = 64 232 g/mol 2. Sodium Sulphate Decahydrate Na2SO4 10H2O Na- 23x2= 46 S- 32x1 = 32 0- 16x16= 224 H- 1x 10 = 10 322 g/mol 3. Iron (III) Ferrocyanide, Fe[Fe(CN)6]3 Fe- 56 x 7 = 392 C- 12 x 18 = 216 N- 14 x 18 = 252 322 g/mol 4. Noncaloric sweetener saccharin , C7H5NO3S C- 12x7= 84 H- 1x5= 5 N- 14x1= 14 O- 16x3= 48 S- 32x1= 32 183 g/mol C.Percentage Composition 1. Determine the percentage composition by mass of NH4H2PO4. NH4H2PO4 N= 1 * 14 = 14 %N= 14/ 115 * 100= 12.17 % H= 6 * 1 = 6 %H= 6/115* 100= 5.22 % P= 31 * 1 = 31 %P= 31/115 * 100= 26.96% O= 4 * 16 = 64 %O= 64/115 * 100= 55.65% 115 g/mol 2. Sodium phosphate...
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...Full paper Full paper Jurnal Teknologi Jurnal Teknologi Preparation of Papers for Jurnal Teknologi Author1,a,* Author2,a Author3,b Author4c a Address1 b Address2 c Address3 *Corresponding author: email@utm.my Article historyReceived XXXXReceived in revised form XXXXAccepted XXXXGraphical abstract | AbstractOver recent years, there has been an explosive growth of interest in the development of novel gel-phase materials based on small molecules. It has been recognised that an effective gelator should possess functional groups that interact with each other via temporal associative forces. This process leads to the formation of supramolecular polymer-like structures, which then aggregate further, hence gelating the solvent. Supramolecular interactions between building blocks that enable gel formation include hydrogen bonds, interactions, solvatophobic effects and van der Waals forces. Keywords: Dendritic gels; tunable materialsAbstrakOver recent years, there has been an explosive growth of interest in the development of novel gel-phase materials based on small molecules. It has been recognised that an effective gelator should possess functional groups that interact with each other via temporal associative forces. This process leads to the formation of supramolecular polymer-like structures, which then aggregate further, hence gelating the solvent. Supramolecular interactions between building blocks that enable gel formation include hydrogen bonds, interactions...
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...Avogadro's Law Chemistry Avogadro's Law Experiment 1 1. For each gas, record the following: a Name and formula b Mass of 100 mL gas (g) c Molecular weight of the gas (g/mole) d Number of moles in the 100 mL sample 2. To verify Avogadro's Law, calculate the average number of moles for the three gases along with the percent deviation for each gas, according to the formula: % deviation = |(moles of gas) - (average for all gases)| / (average for all gases) * 100% a Average number of moles in 100 mL for all three gases b % deviation for each gas c Do your results confirm Avogadro's Law? 4. Based on the calculated number of moles in one 1 atm of gas, how many molecules are in 1 atm of gas? (There are 6.022 * 10^23 molecules/mole) 5. Even though the number of molecules in 1 atm of gas at constant pressure and temperature is identical, the number of atoms in the gas at STP can vary depending on the gas. How many atoms are there in one mole of methane (CH4) 6. In this experiment, the pressure (P) was 1 atm, the temperature (T) was 295 K, the volume (V) was 0.150 L, and the number of moles (n)was 6.2 * 10^-3 moles. The ideal gas law states that P*V = n*R*T. Based on your experiment, what value do you get for R? Is your value close to the standard value for R (0.082057 L*atm/K*mol) 7. In a real gas (non-ideal gas) the molecules can interact with...
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...CP CHEMISTRY Name: __________________________________ Percent Composition – Bubble Gum Lab ____ period Much like cooking, chemistry relies on accurate measurement to ensure the intended results. Measuring in chemistry is done using the mole. This lab is intended to determine the percent composition of sugar in bubble gum based on molar mass. Chew carefully and don’t swallow the compound. Lab Goals • Determine percent composition of a compound based on mass. • Calculate the moles of sugar in bubble gum. Procedure 1. Obtain either a piece of sugared gum or sugarless gum. 2. Determine the mass of the unchewed piece of gum with its paper wrapper. 3. Place gum in mouth and chew for five minutes. 4. Remove gum from mouth and dry. 5. Put the gum back into its paper wrapper and determine its mass. 6. Calculate the percent composition of the sugar/sweetener in the gum. Data | |Sugar or Sugarless? |Mass of Unchewed gum (g)|Mass of Chewed Gum |Mass of Sugar in gum |Percent Composition of Sugar| |Gum Sample | | |(g) |(g) |in Gum | | | | | | | | |1 | | | | ...
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...A mole is a unit of measurement, and must be based on something reproducible. In order to find the mole, one would need to use Avogadro Number, which is 6.02x1023. This allows one to understand the number of atoms and/or molecules in a mole of any specific substance. For example, a mole of hydrogen atoms is 6.02x1023 hydrogen atoms. Yet, it's more universally understood to write ‘Mole’ rather than 6.02x1023 . It’s commonly asked as to why the term ‘Mole’ was created when terms like grams and kilograms etc already exist. This is because Moles make it easier to convert between atoms, molecules and grams. The empirical formula is defined as a formula which tells the reader the ratio of elements that’s shown in the compound. However, it doesn’t...
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...currentScore = 0; //Mole Hit? Variable var moleHit = false; //Number of Moles Variable var i = 40; //==========================================================\\ //START GAME FUNCTION \\ //This function runs when either the start button or restart\\ //button is clicked. It resets the variables, iterates the \\ //game timer, as well as...
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