...Admap Magazine October 2004, Issue 454 |[pic] www.warc.com | |[pic] Consumer Decision-Making Wendy Gordon Acacia Avenue How people make decisions about which brands and products to buy still seems to be one of the great undiscovered secrets in our world of advertising, marketing and research. Despite electronic libraries full to the brim with information from focus groups, usage and attitude studies, tracking, observation and ethnographic studies, our understanding of how people make decisions remains elusive. In fact we appear to be less and less certain about how people really make decisions and even less confident about how we can influence the process. In some ways, understanding consumer decision-making is far simpler than is generally believed. However, being able to influence what people will do in terms of buying, thinking and behaving in a given context, is infinitely more complex. It is only possible to influence an outcome when our feet are firmly grounded in reality and not in the fantasy that human beings are rational creatures in total control of their decision making capabilities. What we need to do is to shift our thinking from describing human 'doing' to becoming more aware of what it means to be a human 'being'. The last five years have seen significant advances in understanding how human beings 'work' due to developments in many new and old sciences brain scanning, cognitive experiments, genetic studies, foetal learning and patterning behaviour...
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...conduction) is the transfer of internal energy by microscopic diffusion and collisions of particles or quasi-particles within a body due to a temperature gradient. The microscopically diffusing and colliding objects include molecules, electrons, atoms, and phonons. They transfer disorganized microscopic kinetic and potential energy, which are jointly known as internal energy. Conduction can only take place within an object or material, or between two objects that are in direct or indirect contact with each other. Conduction takes place in all forms of ponderable, such as solids, liquids, gases and plasmas. Whether by conduction or by thermal radiation, heat spontaneously flows from a hotter to a colder body. In the absence of external drivers, temperature differences decay over time, and the bodies approach thermal equilibrium. In conduction, the heat flow is within and through the body itself. In contrast, in heat transfer by thermal radiation, the transfer is often between bodies, which can be spatially separate. Also possible is transfer of heat by a combination of conduction and thermal radiation. In convection, internal energy is carried between bodies by a material carrier. In solids, conduction is mediated by the combination of vibrations and collisions of molecules, of propagation and collisions of phonons, and of diffusion and collisions of free electrons. In gases and liquids, conduction is due to the collisions and diffusion...
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...The long and difficult 13-year journey to the marketplace for Pfizer's Viagra Introduction There are many stories that have emerged over the years concerning Pfizer's product Viagra. Some of these are true but many are simply fictional stories developed to try to reinforce a particular argument. One of the most common is that Viagra was the result of luck. This case study explores the long 13year journey from laboratory to the marketplace and explores some of the key challenges faced by Pfizer; most notably, project evaluation considerations, when the available market research evidence suggests a small market for the product. And product launch considerations, when impotence is such an unpopular topic that it is almost impossible for advertisers to refer to it without alienating the very con sumer base they are trying to reach. What is Viagra? Pfizer's Viagra is now part of business folklore in terms of an example of a successful new product. Viagra is now one of the most recognised brands in the world; it has become a social icon with annuel sales in excess of $1.9 billion. And it has transformed Pfizer from a mediumsized pharmaceutical firm into the world's leader. Yet, Viagra was almost dismissed during clinical trials as interesting, but not clinically or financially significant. It is true Viagra was something of ...
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...Historically, the main reason for the addition of salt to food was for preservation. Because of the emergence of refrigeration and other methods of food preservation, the need for salt as a preservative has decreased, but sodium levels, especially in processed foods, remain high. The expected tastes and flavors associated to salt use is enormous coupled with the relative low cost of enhancing the palatability of processed foods, thus making it a key rationale for salt use in food preservation. However, taste is not the only reason for the continued use of high levels of salt in foods. For some foods, sodium still plays a role in reducing the growth of pathogens and organisms that spoil products and reduce their shelf life. In other applications, sodium levels remain high because salt plays additional functional roles, such as improving texture. A number of other sodium-containing compounds are also used for increasing the safety and shelf life of foods or creating physical properties. This work begins with a review of the non-taste or flavor-related roles of salt and other sodium-containing compounds in food. The second part will briefly discuss the role that sodium plays in various food categories and provides examples of the sodium content of various foods. ------------------------------------------------- FOOD SAFETY AND PRESERVATION ------------------------------------------------- As mentioned previously, the first major addition of salt to food was for taste and...
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...A REVIEW OF FLUIDIC SELF ASSEMBLY Towards the fulfillment of course requirement for EE5171 Under Prof. Stephen Campbell Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota, Twin Cities By: Manan M Dedhia ID # 4279398 M.S. Graduate student Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota, Twin Cities THE INTEGRATION of microelectromechanical systems(MEMS) sensors and actuators with other classes of microcomponents—electronic, optical, and fluidic—onto a single substrate has the potential to create powerful and complex microsystems. To increase device performance and thus realize the potential of microsystems, it is now accepted that the integration must occur at the micro scale. There are two possible routes: either the micro-components are fabricated at their desired locations in a single process, or they are fabricated separately and then positioned using micro assembly techniques. Since many classes of micro components cannot be co-fabricated effectively due to materials and process incompatibilities, several research groups are developing micro assembly approaches. In the micro assembly route, different classes of micro components are fabricated in separate processes, removed from their substrates, and assembled onto a target substrate of choice. For most applications, sub micrometer positioning and methods for establishing high-quality mechanical and electrical connections to the substrate are required. As in co fabrication, small-area electrical...
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...CONTENTS Title Page.no 1. Introduction To Nanoparticles (2) 2. Nanoparticulate systems For Targeting (13) 3. Drug Targeting (25) 4. Approaches To Drug Targeting (29) 5. Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Market (47) 6. Future Barriers And Challenges (48) 7. Various Nanopharmaceuticals And Their Case Studies (49) 8. NanoDrug Patenting (54) 9. Conclusion (57) 10. Bibliography (58) NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG TARGETING 1. INTRODUCTION NANOPARTICLES * Nanoparticles are in solid state and are either in amorphous or crystalline They include Nanocapsules and Nanospheres.They are able to adsorb or encapsulate a drug thus protecting it against chemical and enzymatic degradation...
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...……………………………. Being Concise ……………………………. Using Specific Detail ……………………. 7 7 10 10 11 13 13 16 20 20 23 REMEDIAL WORK Review ………………………... 25 ……………………………………. 25 VOCABULARY ………………………............ 31 Academic Word List (AWL) 6 ……………. 31 Word Formation 4 ................................ 32 PRESENTATIONS ……………………...… 33 Argument ……………………………………. 33 READING The article on the following pages is taken from the Science & Technology page of the BBC website. Dated 19 July 2010, the article expresses one point of view in the continuing debate about GM food, which is a significant part of the biotechnology industry. “GM” stands for “genetically modified.” Exercise 1 Overview Answer the questions below to obtain an overview of the article. Many questions can be answered by reference to the topic sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. What kind of science does Jonathan Jones specialize in? He is writing in the BBC’s “Green Room.” What is that? Read the article synopsis. What does Professor Jones think about GM food crops? Read the whole of the introductory paragraph. What does the scientist do in the first half of this paragraph? What does he do in the second half? 5. Read the first sentence of paragraph 2. What two conflicting goals does the scientist want to achieve? 6. What connection with GM, if any, do the three photos have? 7. According to paragraph 4, how long has Jones been involved in genetic modification? 8. What is paragraph 5...
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...NaNotechNology applicatioNs for cleaN Water Micro & NaNo TechNologies series editor: Jeremy ramsden Professor of Nanotechnology Microsystems and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Materials Cranfield University, United Kingdom the aim of this book series is to disseminate the latest developments in small scale technologies with a particular emphasis on accessible and practical content. these books will appeal to engineers from industry, academia and government sectors. for more information about the book series and new book proposals please contact the publisher, Dr. Nigel hollingworth at nhollingworth@williamandrew.com. http://www.williamandrew.com/MNt NaNotechNology applicatioNs for cleaN Water edited by Nora savage Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency and (in alphabetical order) Mamadou Diallo Materials and process simulation center, Division of chemistry and chemical engineering, california institute of technology Jeremiah Duncan Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison anita street Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency and Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign richard sustich N o r w i c h , N Y, U S A copyright © 2009 by William andrew inc. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying...
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...WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP OF INDIA. A report prepared on the topic with the help of the below mentioned studies: * Empowering Women through Entrepreneurship: A study in Tamil Nadu, India -Geetha Sulur Nachimuthu and Barani Gunatharan. * Entrepreneurship Challenges and Opportunities in India - Dr.N. Santhi and S. Rajesh Kumar. * Some Critical Issues of Women Entrepreneurship in Rural India -VIJAY KUMBHAR (Department of Business Economics Dhananjayrao Gadgil, College of Commerce, India). * Women Entrepreneurship in India: Opportunities and Challenges- Gurendra Nath Bhardwaj, Swati Parashar, Dr. Babita Pandey. * Women Empowerment through Entrepreneurship: A Case Study of Guwahati Municipal Corporation- Marami Das, Faculty Member, Swadeshi Academy Jr. College Research Scholar, CMJ University, Shillong . INTRODUCTION: Women, the female member of the family is the backbone of emotional support who holds the family together. Social and economic development of women is necessary for the welfare of the society and also the Nation in turn. India being a well male dominated country, women are always considered backward and are not allowed to have various privileges. Many religions, even today, do not allow the women of the family to communicate with the rest of the world. Development of women would prove to be very positive in development of the Nation. The term “entrepreneurship” comes from the French verb “entreprendre” and the German word “unternehmen”...
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...http://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2013/03/01/the-education-technology-revolution-is-coming The Education-Technology Revolution Is Coming Institutions of learning must learn to incorporate technology or risk being left behind By SIG BEHRENS March 1, 2013 RSS Feed Print Sig Behrens is a president of Blackboard, Inc. Higher education is the next bubble. Facebook will replace classroom instruction. Textbooks will go away, and some colleges will, too. In other words, everything is going to change. Or, at least, that's the talk we in education and technology regularly hear these days. It sounds exciting—and, to some, scary. But it also sounds like what I heard during the dot-com boom of the 1990s when a lot of companies—including Blackboard—began using technology to "disrupt" the education status quo. Since then we've made some important progress, but in many ways the classroom still looks the same as it did 100 years ago. So what's different this time? Is all the talk just hype? Or are we really starting to see the beginnings of major change? [Read the U.S. News Debate: Are Teachers Overpaid?] I believe we are. There are a lot of reasons but one of the biggest is the way that technology has given rise to a new kind of education consumer—the active learner—who is using technology to drive change in ways that we haven't seen before. In the past, change was usually a top-down process, led by campus administrators, district leaders, and other officials. It was often...
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...HB 490 Introduction to Wine Lesson 1: Wine and Health, Wine in History, Wine and Culture, and Serving Alcohol Safely In Vino Sanitas? Wine (and other alcohols) and Health The French Paradox 60 Minutes segment in 1991 Mounting epidemiological evidence that moderate consumption of alcohol is associated with Reduced risk of death Particularly by coronary disease Red Wine was apparently most beneficial The “J” shaped curve 1 Societal Attitudes The French Paradox report came in the midst of a resurgent prohibitionist sentiment This sentiment has not disappeared, but is somewhat less prevalent or obvious today Societal Attitudes To drink or Not to drink? Some believe the healthiest choice is NOT to consume alcohol, while others tout the purported health benefits of alcohol consumption Others, yet, acknowledge the apparent health benefits of moderate alcohol consumption, but hesitate to discuss them as they fear this may lead some may become alcohol dependent to start consuming alcohol Societal Attitudes Much (dis)information on the issue of alcohol and health! You must consider the data critically Interpretations may vary Research is never fully conclusive Scientist not always “value free” Some agencies/authorities have “agendas” 2 Agenda? Visit the websites of these organizations and see if you can establish if they have an agenda relative to wine and health Epidemiology Epidemiology...
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...Physical Chemistry Understanding our Chemical World Physical Chemistry Understanding our Chemical World Paul Monk Manchester Metropolitan University, UK Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to permreq@wiley.co.uk, or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other Wiley...
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...Strategy Formulation & Implementation Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd 1. Summary: Indian pharmaceutical industry is estimated at $8 billion in 2013 and had been growing at an average rate of 8–9 %. The industry was highly fragmented with more than 1000 players out of which 30% of market was controlled by top ten companies and the rest of 70% by small companies. The Global pharmaceutical industry was estimated at $ 600 billion in 2013. Indian pharmaceutical industry has become more innovative and enterprising with more investment in R&D especially since the WTO agreement was signed. Indian drug makers command 10 per cent share in the USD 30 billion US generic drug market and also has the highest (over 150) US Foods & Drug Administration (FDA) approved facilities. US accounts for one-fourth of the Indian drug exports. The share of Indian pharma companies in the total approvals for generic drugs called Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) has risen steadily. From 32 per cent in 2009, it went up to 38.5 per cent in 2013. Increasing share of Indian companies in total ANDAs approved by the USFDA can be attributed to increase spending by them for research and development (R&D) activities. As per CMIE’s database, the industry’s R&D expenses to sales ratio jumped to around five per cent in 2012-13 from around three per cent in 2003-04. The export of drugs from India is expected to grow by 4.2 per cent to USD 15.2 billion in 2013-14. Around USD 16.3 billion of drugs are likely to be...
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...Producing R E S U LT S Proven Solutions in Today’s Challenging World WORLD CONFERENCE ON QUALIT Y AND IMPROVEMENT 2012 ASQ MAY 21–23, 2012 Anaheim, California Anaheim Convention Center wcqi.asq.org Preliminary Program General Information 2012 ASQ WORLD CONFERENCE ON QUALIT Y AND IMPROVEMENT Conference Location Anaheim Convention Center 800 West Katella Avenue Anaheim, CA 92802 www.anaheimconventioncenter.com Attendee Registration Hours (Subject to change) Saturday, May 19 2:00 p.m. – 5:00 p.m. Sunday, May 20 9:00 a.m. – 1:00 p.m. 5:00 p.m. – 8:00 p.m. Monday, May 21 7:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. Tuesday, May 22 7:30 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. Wednesday, May 23 7:30 a.m. – 10:00 a.m. Registration will be located in the Anaheim Convention Center. Dates Tips to Lead You to Savings Check out these savings opportunities to stretch your conference travel budget— without missing out on the premier quality conference of 2012! Save big when you: Preconference Events Monday, May 14 – Sunday, May 20 Conference Dates Monday, May 21 – Wednesday, May 23 Conference Presentations Approximately two weeks prior to the conference, all registered attendees will receive access to the PowerPoint presentations for the sessions of the World Conference and each of the four conferences held concurrently with it (Institute for Continual Quality Improvement, Institute for Software Excellence, Quality Institute for Healthcare, and Quality in Sustainability Conference). and save...
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...The Rational of the Acquisition 1 1. Pfizer's Strategy 1 1.1. Pfizer Growth Strategy 2 2. Pfizer's Road Map 4 2.1. Pfizer's Acquisitions Rational 4 3. The strategy behind the acquisition 5 3.1. Acquisition Motives 5 3.2. M&A vs. Alliance 5 4. Target Identification 7 4.1. Protalix - an R&D Acquisition 9 5. Synergy Analysis 10 6. Standalone, Synergy and Premium Valuations 12 6.1. Market Value 12 6.2. Trading and Transaction Multiples Valuations 12 6.3. Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Valuation 14 6.3.1. DCF Methodology and Assumptions 14 6.3.2. Summary of the Standalone and the Synergy DCF Valuation 15 6.4. Premium 16 6.5. Walk-away Price, Net Value Creation and Financial Feasibility 17 Part 2 - The Integration Plan 18 Bibliography 21 APPENDIXES 22 Appendix 1 - Pfizer's Executive Leadership Team 23 Appendix 2 - Pfizer's Organizational Structure Scheme 24 Appendix 3 - Five Forces Analysis for the Pharmaceutical Industry 25 Appendix 4 - Pfizer's PEST Analysis 27 Appendix 5 - Level of Competition Between the Acquirers & the Uniqueness of the Acquired Company 31 Appendix 6 - Acquisition Motives 33 Appendix 7 - Protalix Management and Board of Directors 35 Appendix 8 - Technology Adoption Lifecycle 36 Appendix 9 - Pfizer's SWOT Analysis 36 Appendix 10 - Protalix's Financials 38 Appendix 11 - About the Valuation Methods 40 Appendix 12 - List of Companies and Their Multiples 41 Appendix 13 - Complete Results...
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