...Psychological disorders Student Name: Institution affiliated Professor’s Name Date Introduction Psychological disorders are also identified as mental disorders, it is deviation of the brain mechanism which is mostly due to unrelenting activities that are critical and may influence the daily functions of life. Several diseases have been recognized and been classified, they include anorexia nervosa, personality, eating disorders, mood disorders, and in this case depression disorders. The rate of depression is higher among poor people than wealthier people The majority of people who have mood disorders mostly suffer from depression and this is known as unipolar depression. The patients have never had incidents of mania and the mood returns back to normal when depression ceases, those who suffer from mania it’s known as bipolar disorder. (Comer, 1992). Black box warning The State has for along issued caution on the use of anti-depressant drugs in adolescents, children, and young adults this is because these drugs have been for to cause suicidal in these people. This evaluation explored on the management of depression has that led to the cautions and successive data. It as well addressed the efficacy of anti-depressant management and the connection to suicide rates to anti-depressant management. It also included the resolutions of black box cautions that had been based on prejudiced data and unfounded...
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...Anxiety, Mood/Affextive, Dissociative/Somatoform University of Phoenix Online PSY/410 Anxiety, Mood, Dissociative, Somatoform Disorders The DSM-IV-TR offers diagnostic categories and classifications for the use of identifying and diagnosing mental disorders (Hansell & Damour, 2008). In this paper are the sections of anxiety disorders, mood and affective disorders, dissociative disorders, and somatoform disorders. The likely categorizations and signs beneath these groupings will be covered. As well as, one disorder out of all categories—general anxiety disorder, cyclothymic disorder, depersonalization disorder, and body dysmorphic disorder will be analyzed. Anxiety Disorders The primary distinction between fear and anxiety is that fear is directed at a specific stimuli; whereas, anxiety is more a general feeling of apprehension about the future (Hansell & Damour, 2008). The precise disorders that can shoot from too much anxiety are: acute stress disorder, agoraphobia, anxiety disorders due to a medical condition, general anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder with and without agoraphobia, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), specific phobia, social phobia, and substance-induced anxiety disorder (Hansell & Damour, 2008). Panic and anxiety are regular reactions but when these feelings are sensed in the nonexistence of a underlying agent psychological dysfunction can be the ended outcome, for instance...
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...appointments is one of the most significant predictors of no-show appointments (Dove & Schneider, 1981). Studies have also shown that patients’ various psychosocial diagnoses are indicators of missed appointments (Goldman et al., 1982). Patients diagnosed with at least one psychological diagnosis, including mood disorders, such as depression and bipolar disease, anxiety disorders, such as panic attacks and posttraumatic stress disorder, and thought disorders, such as schizophrenia and personality disorders, were more likely to miss appointments compared to patients without psychological diagnoses (Savageau et al., 2004). Finally, Perron et al. showed that patients with substance abuse disorders are more likely to miss appointments (Perron et al., 2010). In order to reduce no-show rates in a hospital gastrointestinal (GI) clinic this project analyzed potential indicators of missed appointments. Based on a conceptual model grouping various barriers that lead to missed appointments (Figure 1, Appendix A), patient level factors were the main focus. The patient-level factors analyzed are colonoscopy procedure, previous GI appointment absenteeism, mood disorder, personality disorder and other substance abuse disorder among patients at the GI clinic. Variables were selected based on information presented in lecture by...
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...types of a mood disorder. Although we all experience variations in our moods (normal fluctuations from sadness or stress or whatever may be the case), they are no comparison to the extremes experienced by individuals with bipolar disorder. Those who are diagnosed with bipolar disorder have experiences with both episodes of major depression and mania (Gazzaniga & Heatherton, 2005). Manic episodes are categorized as having elevated moods, increased activity, and diminished need for sleep, grandiose ideas, racing thoughts, and extreme distractibility. During these episodes, there are often excessive involvement in pleasurable but foolish activities such as sexual indiscretions, buying sprees, and risky business ventures. The individual usually regrets these situations once the mania is over. Not everyone necessarily experiences these extreme episodes, as others may suffer less extreme examples of mood elevations, known as hypomanic episodes. They are often categorized as heightened creativity, productivity, and can be extremely pleasurable and rewarding. People experiencing these symptoms are known as to have a Bipolar II diagnosis, whereas people with extreme depression and manic episodes, as mentioned before, are known to have a Bipolar I diagnosis. There is a third category, however, which is known as cyclothymia. The individual with this type of bipolar disorder experiences hypomania and mild depression (Gazzaniga & Heatherton, 2005). Bipolar disorder is much...
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...Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder that associated with severe changes in the mood. One type of this disorder is Bipolar I Disorder or used to be referred as Bipolar Affective Disorder, which is characterized by periods of deep, prolonged and profound depression that alternate with periods of excessively elevated mood known as Mania. Although, Major depression episodes are common in Bipolar I Disorder, according to DSM-5, it is not required for the diagnosis of Bipolar I Disorder (American Psychological Association, 2013). The primary key feature for diagnosing the patient with Bipolar I Disorder is the manic episode as at least one lifetime manic episode is required for the diagnosis of Bipolar I Disorder. DSM-5 criteria...
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...One of the trickiest scientific ideas to define is abnormal psychology. There are very few universally accepted theories in the science of psychology and with a field that is so open to interpretation defining what is normal is a tall order. Interpreting the meaning of research data is a matter of perspective and is often open to debate. Everyone perceives things through their own concept of the world and since no two people experience the world in the exact same way the definition of normal varies from person to person and culture to culture. In this paper we will examine the field of abnormal psychology, a few common disorders, and the varying methods of therapy from the differing psychological schools of thought. Normal vs. Abnormal Psychology “Defining what is abnormal depends on how one first defines what is normal” (Davis & Buskist, 2008, p. 237). Psychology in general terms is the study of the mind. We study mental processes and human behavior to better understand the human condition. In trying to study the mind and understand the processes of thought there is much overlap from other disciplines; to fully understand behavior we must gain an understanding of all that goes into the process. There are biological, neurological, and evolutionary components to cognition and reaction. There is also a strong philosophical aspect to appreciating the idiosyncrasies of human behavior. In modern psychology there are four main schools of thought: psychodynamic, behaviorist, cognitive...
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...Psychological Disorder Analysis LeAnn Lawyer Axia College of University of Phoenix Abnormal Psychology: Abuse, Addiction, and Disorders PSY/270 Stacie Flynn December 05, 2010 Psychological Disorder Analysis This Psychological Disorder Analysis will analyze Marla’s disorder using the information provided in the Faces of Abnormal Psychology Interactive Application. Ten clinical interview questions along with the existing symptoms are crucial to making a final diagnosis of this disorder. Furthermore, important summarized aspects of the disorder will make this disorder more understandable. In addition, the origin of this disorder will show the possible treatment needed for the disorder. Marla is a 42-year-old Hispanic female, who decided to seek professional help and arrives at the mental health clinic experiencing and complaining about symptoms such as trouble sleeping, jumpy all of the time, and an inability to concentrate. Furthermore, these symptoms are affecting her performance and causing problems at work where she is an accountant. Following the given information in the Faces of Abnormal Psychology Interactive Application and the DSM-IV criteria, Marla is most likely suffering from Dysthymic Disorder. An additional interview, which includes interview questions will result and support the same conclusion. The questions during the interview would include is she currently taking any medication? If so how long has she been taking this medication? ...
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...Defining Psychological Disorders Psychological disorder - a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior Disturbed, or dysfunctional thoughts, emotions, or behaviors are maladaptive - they interfere with normal day-to-day life. Understanding Psychological Disorders Medical Model Brutal treatments may worsen, rather than improve, mental health. Philippe Pinel opposed such brutal treatments. He insisted that sickness of the mind is caused by severe stress and inhumane conditions. Curing them requires “moral treatment’” including boosting patients’ moral by unchaining them and talking with them. Medical model - the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in more cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital Biopsychosocial Approach The biopsychosocial approach emphasizes that mind and body are inseparable. Negative emotions contribute to physical illness, and physical abnormalities contribute to negative emotions. Epigenetics - the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change Classifying Disorders & Labeling People Classification aims to: * Predict the disorder’s future course * Suggest appropriate treatment * Prompt research into causes DSM-5 - the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth...
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...Psychological Disorder Analysis Laura Baker Psy/270 February 18, 2012 Monica Mauri Psychological Disorder Analysis Maria is a 42-year-old Hispanic female who came to the clinic ascribing of having trouble sleeping, feeling “jumpy all of the time,” and experiencing difficulty concentrating. She further said, “That these symptoms are causing problems for her at work, where she is an accountant.” She perceived these symptoms to be her cause of declined performance at her job. So she is very concerned about this, and has come in to seek our help. Upon intake Maria’s symptoms stand in need for analysis to come to a diagnosis. As Maria’s symptoms meet various criteria for Bipolar disorder, Dysthmic disorder, and Major Depression must be eliminated or ruled out. The suspected diagnosis upon her intake is Bipolar disorder or Major Depression. A complete assessment will be done on Maria, and a diagnosis will be determined. After a diagnosis has been established, a brief overview will be explained and possible causes will be explained also, and then followed by an ongoing effective plan of treatment to return the patient to a level of functioning with reduced symptoms. Maria participated in an in-depth interview process. The first questions initially posed to Maria a starting point for further analysis included in the following: 1. Did you remember any significant problems in your childhood? Yes. I was abused at age eight through twelve by a family member, but I do not remember...
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...Keller et al (1995) recommend that depression can be categorised under the DSM-IV-TR as a mood disorder. Mood disorder affects a person’s emotional state. These mood disorders include major depressive disorder depression and bipolar disorder. Major depressive disorder is also known as unipolar depression or simply major depression. It is a severe clinical mood disorder in which feelings, frustration, loss or anger inhibits with a person’s activities of daily living for long period of time (Beck 1967). Unipolar depression demonstrates itself as an episode of depression that can occur unexpectedly and bipolar depression substitutes between two mood extremes mania and depression (Beck 1967). Moreover unipolar involves neurosis manifestation and bipolar involves psychosis features. The aetiology of unipolar is unknown however research suggests a link to chemical changes in the brain and differences in gene make up. It is genetic but can also manifest in those with no family history (Jacob et al 1987). Contributory factors are alcohol and drug abuse, types of cancers and other medical conditions. Life changing issues such as job loss, divorce, death, illness, and social isolation, physical and emotional abuse can trigger unipolar depression. Jacob et al (1987) suggest that people with unipolar depression are more likely to use alcohol or illegal substances additionally these patients are at increased risk of other mental and physical health problems. Unipolar patients are more...
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...Psychological Disorder Analysis Psychological Disorder Analysis Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a disorder of the brain that affects one to two percent of people in our country. In many situations, the man or woman suffers silently with this mental illness, never knowing there is a reason for his or her feelings, that an explanation exists for the emotions and behaviors felt. Many years are stolen from these people because treatment was unknown or unavailable to them. With understanding and treatment, they will enjoy the life they have been given. Bipolar disorder creates shifts in a person’s mood from the mild to the extreme. It affects their energy levels, and interferes with their ability to perform and complete even simple daily tasks. They are overly energized and aggressive one day, and the next they cannot rise from bed to shower or even answer when a friend calls. Typically developing during late adolescence or early adulthood, Bipolar Disorder will always be a lifelong condition. In some cases, it does not appear until later in life. If left untreated, the instances of mood swings will occur more frequently and become much more severe. Two Emotional States – Depression and Manic A patient with bipolar disorder experiences symptoms of depression where they are overcome by negative thoughts. In this state, they tell themselves they are unworthy, they feel helpless, and incapable of improving their position in life...
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...Diagnosis and Treatment The disorder that I will be explaining is classified as a mood disorder known as a bipolar disorder. I will be outlining the current means by which this particular disorder is diagnosed, along with the treatment options that are available, and the causes of this disorder. A disturbance in mood or a prolonged emotional state is how a mood order is defined (Morris & Maisto, 2005). Some people think that just because they have mood swings that they themselves have a bipolar disorder. This is not true in all cases. A bipolar disorder is a mood disorder which periods of mania and depression alternate, sometimes with periods of normal mood intervening (Morris & Maisto, 2005). Understanding the differences plays a major role in diagnosis of a person who has this type of bipolar disorder. With bipolar disorder being an offspring of depression, and mania or hypomania there are several different patterns of symptoms. Each of these symptoms is different from one person to the next. There are three forms of a bipolar disorder. The first is known as Bipolar I disorder. This form may cause problems with a person’s place of employment, education, and even with that of a significant other. The second is in the middle and called Bipolar II disorder. With this form a person can usually maintain an everyday lifestyle. Instead of having a full blown episode of either depression or mania they are slightly less severe. The last form of this disorder is known as Cyclothymia....
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...Dysfunctional Family Systems and Disordered Self-Image Abstract: Disordered self-image, sense of self, and self-esteem are affected negatively by dysfunctional family systems. Maladaptive perfectionism affects mood, causes decreased self-esteem, and contributes to the development of avoidance tactics. Adolescent dysregulations includes disordered eating behaviors and/or eating disorders, anxiety, depression, body dissatisfaction, and extreme attempts at weight control; all of which can be caused by child sexual abuse, maladaptive perfectionism, parental attachment issues, and the development of alexithymia. Other dysregulations include faulty coping mechanisms, which are also affected by anxiety, depression, and neuroticism. Thesis: An adolescent’s sense of self, self-image, and self-esteem are affected by dysfunctional family systems, including family systems that reflect child sexual abuse, poor attachments, alcoholism, and the development of alexithymia. The adolescents in families such as these have psychological reactions to their disordered self-images and the dysfunctional family systems. Dysfunctional Family Systems and Disordered Self-Image Adolescent development of eating disorders, disordered eating behavior, and/or subclinical eating behaviors may be caused by perfectionism, child sexual abuse, or other trauma such as having alcoholic parents. Poor self-esteem, poor sense of self, and family dysfunctions may be caused by perfectionism, childhood sexual...
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...Social Media & The Psychological Effects on Mental Health With the increase of Social Networking Sites (SNS's) dramatic increase in the past few years; there has been a growth in psychological research addressing the psychological impact of these online experiences. Consequently, there is a darker side to how social media can affect us. According to researchers, the more time spent on social media, the more likely you are to suffer from mental issues. This is especially true in children and teens; however prolonged and excessive use presents a danger to adults as well. Social Media Anxiety Disorder (SMAD) is a syndrome that relates to social anxiety and is presented when the participation of social media affects the mental and physical...
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... |PSY/410 | | |Abnormal Psychology | Copyright © 2010, 2009, 2007 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course is designed to provide students with an introduction to theories and research concerning abnormal behavior (psychopathology). The course will address such topics as the incidence (frequency) of abnormal behavior of various types; how abnormal behaviors are classified into various diagnostic categories; the etiologies (causes) of psychological disorders; and the variety of methods employed in the treatment of abnormal behavior. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Hansell, J...
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