Justice is one of the basic concepts of moral consciousness and the most important category of theoretical ethics. Justice at the same time defines the relationship between the people concerning their mutual responsibilities and about the distribution of co-produced material and spiritual wealth. Depending on the understanding of what needs to be justice, relying same duties (equal treatment to certain rules of conduct) for all persons (for example, the rule of equal recompense) and equal distribution or different responsibilities to different parties (e.g., a differentiated level of responsibility in the performance of different works) and differentiated distribution.
Due to the fact that the issues of distribution of wealth, and the nature …show more content…
Nevertheless, to the extent that policies and laws are seen as fair or unfair, we are always talking about their moral evaluation that agrees whether people live in a society with such laws and conducting this political line, or they reject it as inhumane, inhuman, degrading or specific groups of people, etc. In 1960-ies, the attention of philosophers began to attract more and more social and political problems. Youth riots, race riots, the Vietnam War, the rise of the socialist system created skepticism against the welfare state. The ideology of political and economic liberalism is constantly criticized by both right and left. Liberal philosophy endured perhaps the worst crisis since the beginning of the century. So, since 1971 was a book that defended brooks collapse of the ideology and later became a classic of neo-liberal thought in the center of lively discussions. It was the "Theory of Justice", written by the president of the American Association of Political and social philosophers, John Rawls. By its nature, the theory …show more content…
Rawls, who, in his opinion, is fundamental, and notes that everyone who is engaged in research of justice issues must be considered with this work. However, it is the theory of Rawls, Nozick puts the most thorough critique, from which grows its own concept of justice. However, the principle of distinction of Rawls is unacceptable for Robert Nozick. For example, he criticizes the theory of Rawls's difference principle. Nozick opposes the idea of the welfare state, explaining that the unjust distribution of wealth and means, therefore, a violation of human rights (Nozick 1974, 189). Nozick creates a classification of the basic concepts of justice, which includes historical and non-historical (the final state), as well as templates and unconventional principles. Thinker argues that Rawls's conception is a kind of unconventional and historical as utilitarianism, but with a different slant. According to Nozick, no one can take away from us and use our advantages, since it is people who are their legitimate holders (Nozick 1974, 193). Based on their criticism of the work of Rawls, Nozick creates its own concept of justice. Thinker comes from the theory of social contract and natural right to life. To comply with these rights creates the minimal state. Nozick puts forward the principle of negative equity, that is, that no one has the rights to that whatsoever, that requires the use of labor