VICTORY ON SUGAR HILL:
TIME MAGAZINE, DECEMBER 17, 1945:

Their story was as old as it was ugly. In 1938, Negroes, willing and able to pay $15,000.00 and up for West Adams, Los Angeles, California, heights property, had begun moving into the old colonial

mansions. Many were movie folks: actresses like Louise, Beavers, Hattie McDaniel, and Ethel Waters. They improved their holdings, kept their well-defined ways, quickly won more than tolerance from most of their white neighbors. However, some whites, refusing to be comforted, had drawn up a racial restriction convenient among themselves.
For seven years, they had tried to sell it to the other whites, but failed. Then they went to court. Superior Judge Thurmond Clarke decided to visit the …show more content…
Accidentally, Morgan discovered that this liquid, not only straightened fabric, but also hair. He made the liquid into a cream and began the G.A. Morgan Hair Refining Company. Morgan also made a black hair oil dye and a curved tooth iron comb in 1910 to straighten hair.
Morgan helped found the Cleveland Association of Colored Men in
1908. He married Mary Anne Hassek, that same year and together they had three sons.
In 1920, Morgan moved into the newspaper business when he established The Cleveland Call. As the years passed, he became a prosperous and widely respected businessman, and he was able to purchase a home and an automobile.
Garrett Morgan invented the safety hood and smoke protector after hearing about the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire. He was able to sell his invention around the country however, in many instances; he would have a white partner take credit as the inventor in order to further sell his product. His invention became known nationally when he used it to save several men from a tunnel explosion under Lake Erie. Prominent citizens of Cleveland awarded Morgan a gold medal of Bravery, but his nomination for the Carnegie Medal was denied, in large part because of his race. Efforts by Morgan and his supporters over the years to correct this injustice have not, so far, been successful. Nevertheless, Morgan’s invention won gold medals from the International Association of Fire Chiefs and the International Exposition of Sanitation …show more content…
She was the ninth of twelve children. Her parents, Rachael Huggins and McCullough Alva Baker immigrated from Nevis, in the Caribbean. Her mother was a domestic worker and her father was ac chef for different Yale university student societies; including the secret society Skulls and Bones. Rachel was also the founder of the New Haven Chapter of the NAACP.
With financial help from a local philanthropist, Clarence Blakeslee, Constance initially attended Fisk University, a historically black college in Tennessee before deciding to move to an integrated university.
Motley graduated from New York University in 1943, and then received her law degree from Columbia Law School in 1946. Her legal career began as a law clerk in the fledgling NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund (LDF), where she worked with Thurgood Marshall, Jack Greenberg, and others. The LDF’s first female attorney, she became Associate counsel to the L D, making her the NAACP’s lead trial