...each point of motivational interviewing, why it was used, and whether or not it was successful. What was done well in this interview, and why? What would you have done differently, and why? Of the theories we have learned in this unit, which theory stands out in this interview? Where and how? “A client-centered and empathetic counseling style is one fundamental and defining characteristic of motivational interviewing. We regard the therapeutic skill of reflective listening or accurate empathy ... to be the foundation on which skillfulness in motivational interviewing is built ... Through skillful reflective listening, the counselor seeks to understand the client’s feelings and perspectives without judging, criticizing, or blaming ... The crucial attitude is a respectful listening to the person with a desire to understand his or her perspective” (Miller & Rollnick, 2002, p. 37) In this case, the Motivational interviewing refers to an interpersonal counseling or communication style rather than a specific therapy or set of techniques (Rollnick & Miller, 1995). This style is evident in the process of MET (Motivational Enhancement Therapy). The focus of this particular interview was on helping the client to overcome reluctance or ambivalence on his own, while allowing him to make positive changes in his approach to anger management. The therapy did not assume that the client wanted to change, but lead the client to own their need for change. The motivational interviewing assumed...
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...Motivation and Teams Case Study Case One: Two Men and a Lot of Trucks The first theory is I think plays in this study are the expectancy theory. I think this because her children believed in the hard work they performed would lead to rewards. This led them to buy a franchise of their own. Equity theory is also found in this case study due to the rewards that each child got due to their mother owning the business and rewarding them to work for her. Ms. Sheets also plays a role in the expectancy theory. She did believe that if she worked hard her business would succeed more than she would have expected. Ms. Sheets opened a Stick Men University that was used to train franchisees and movers how to properly move items and customer service. Case Two: Siemen’s New Boss The theory this case study shows is expectancy theory. I feel that Mr. Kleinfield displayed the characteristics of this theory. He came to the business young and with new ideas that would save the company money and the employees their jobs. It appears that the plant was costing the business more money than they expected or wanted to continue paying. Mr. Kleinfield came to the location and had to convince the employees to change their normal hours days and hours. He eventually convinced the employees to do as he asked which in time reduce production time and costs, which saved their jobs. He was open to questions by anyone in the plant, even the employee reps. He was there to show them that he was...
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...TOPIC: Attrition in organizations Group 7: Rahul Kumar Gupta: 12P157 Rajesh Choudhary: 12P158 Rajiv Gupta: 12P159 Rakshit Sharma: 12P160 Ravi Goel: 12P161 Ravi Kant Singla: 12P162 Attrition The reduction in staff and employees in a company through normal means, such as retirement and resignation is called attrition. Attrition leads to loss of key employees who have thorough knowledge of the company and its practices. Appointing new employees in place of old involves cost of recruiting and training them. Experience in a field is very important for better performance. New employees lack this and this might lead to some pitfalls during their work. If there is high attrition, it also results in a negative impact on new employees about the work...
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...Sarah Rose Management Skills Development: MGT 585-02W Fall 2013 Case Analysis Does this milkshake taste funny? George Steins’ Ethical Dilemma * Discuss all of the reasons why you believe George might act unethically and remove the filters, allowing the maggots to remain in the mix. The first reason George might act unethically is due to Social Learning Theory. “Analysis revealed that perceived learning opportunities were shaped, enabled, and constrained by a variety of social, cultural, structural, and process-related imperatives. This was manifested through two learning systems: (1) a formal learning system directly managed by the organization and (2) an informal system that was fostered through strong social networks and driven by the organizational culture. From this investigation, we posit a social theory of learning, which encompasses sharing knowledge and experience through social interaction” (O’Toole, 2011). This is an article for developing learned systems by the Australian Army in their ‘fighting for knowledge’ campaign to understand learned systems in a military setting. Using a focus group of over 150 armed personnel to understand some of the cultural and social systems enforced. Social theory is a theory that states that we learn through observation and our direct experiences with others (Robbins. 2013). The social learning theory is enacted by both formal learning systems, decreed through management, and informal social networks. In the case George is...
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...Business Plan Part 1: Preparation Describe an original idea for a product or service you think you can develop and sell. A service that I think I can sell would be motivational speaking. I can also develop and sell books. The most inspiring and successful motivation speakers are those with a personal story of success that can be passed on to audiences (Marsden, ehow.com). I know this because I am currently doing speeches now and will eventually author books. I choose this path because I have always been a talker. Every since a child, I have loved to speak in front of crowds. I would love to read the Sunday school minutes. I was then introduced to Toastmasters International Speaking Club and was advised of how well of a speaker I am. I did not believe it at first. I then begin to see it because people demanded me to speak so they could hear me. I decided I could make this a career, so I started speaking. Now I am four speeches away from having my Advanced Communicator Silver with Toastmasters. Once it is obtained, I will only have one more level to reach out of five, which is the Advanced Communicator Gold. I am also working on becoming an accredited speaker through Toastmaster. Once I become an accredited speaker, I will be able to charge for my speeches versus accepting whatever donations are provided. Once my speaking career takes off, I will venture off into authoring books. I think I can sell books because I am an excellent speaker and people will...
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...Whenever the term motivational speaker is introduced to a conversation, I instantaneously imagine an overly enthusiastic man, preparing to deliver the same watered-down, cookie cutter speech that has roamed the halls of every high school. Therefore, it was only natural for me to shrink back in fatigued anguish at the thought of having to endure the same torturous event in which I would be expected to appreciate with mock enticement. Mr. Christopher Taylor is a man of too many words and very little tolerance for ignorance. Walking into the room, the weight of his presence was awakening. Something about the way my older peers glanced at him with the up most respect sent a trigger alerting me to the significance of him. Although he sat patiently through his detailed introduction, his eyes focused around the room, seemingly categorizing each student into a database, well organized through years of practice. Light applause trailed him as he took a firm stance in the front of the ballroom. Deceptively, he began with generalized questions about how people perceive each other, trivial knowledge that determined little, other than the common sense of his audience. After a series of varyingly mediocre topics, Mr. Taylor quieted down and pondered to himself for a second, gaining his thoughts and deciding how best to approach the next topic, “How many of you are pre-med students?” he asked inquisitively. I was one of many of the proud students who raised their hands. Nodding in acceptance...
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...OL 125: Personal Development Plan – SWOT Analysis (Milestone Two) Student Name: Sheril Cunamay Date: May 20, 2014 Strengths (What do I do well?) | Weaknesses (Where can I make improvements?) | List at least 4 strengths here. Use complete sentences. * 1. I play piano real well. * 2. I am a great motivational speaker. * 3. I’m always very passionate about what I do. * 4. I am very self-motivated. | List at least 4 weaknesses here. Use complete sentences. * 1. I’m very shy. * 2. I’m sometimes over confident about things. * 3. I’m too emotional at times * 4. I am a workaholic. If I could work and not take a break, I would. Sometimes I lose sight of the more important things in life. | Opportunities (What kinds of things could I be doing based on my strengths?) | Threats (Where could I be using my strengths and talents more productively?) | List at least 4 opportunities here. Use complete sentences. * 1. I could be playing for my churches ministry when they go to sing at other churches. * 2. I could speak to those around me to be led to God through my motivational speaking. * 3. I could use my passion for others and music and teach those around me to turn to God through music. * 4. I could pursue to open up a new ministry that would show those people in the town that I’m in about God’s love. | List at least 4 threats here. Use complete sentences. * 1. I could be using my talents in churches. * 2. I could be using them at the children’s hospital...
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...I have heard that you may be interested in taking a course or two on psychology in college and I would love to give you my thoughts. As someone who is not planning to major in psychology I figured this course to be more of a class of lesser importance. However, I have learned various things throughout the class that would lead me to believe my first impression to be wrong. As you may not have known psychology is the study of the mind. However, since there are no ways to actually observe or touch the mind, we are unable to directly study it. Instead, through the use of studying the behaviors and mental processes we can correlate that with the mind. Let me give you one example of something that is taught in class. Memory is an active system that receives, stores, and recovers information. In order for one to keep a memory for a longer length of time, the memory must pass through the sensory memory, short-term memory, and into the long-term memory. The sensory memory is only able to hold an exact copy of what you may see or hear but only for a couple of seconds. The information stored from a visual memory is called the iconic memory while information stored from hearing is called the echoic memory. However there is a lot of information when you see and hear things. Therefore we have something called selective attention that blocks out what we deem unimportant. An example would be when being in a concert the only thing you may remember is the band; however it would be fairly difficult...
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...Managing the Work of Teams and Individuals Thomas Wingham 8th December 2011 Contents * Introduction * Groupthink * Causes * Remedies * General Group Problem Solving (GGPS) Model * Risky Shift Phenomenon * Causes * Remedies * Conclusion * Recommendations * Reference List * Appendices Introduction In this report there will be an evaluation of Groupthink. Janis eight causes of Groupthink and what the remedies are. Aldag and Fuller’s model of groupthink and how it is different from Janis’s model. There will also be an evaluation of Risky Shift Phenomenon, this will include the causes and the remedies of Risky Shift Phenomenon. Groupthink Irving Janis says Groupthink occurs when “a group makes faulty decisions because group pressures lead to a deterioration of “mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment”” (Janis, pg 9.) Groupthink - Causes According to Janis there are eight causes of Groupthink. Illusion of invulnerability; creates too much confidence that encourages extreme risks. Collective rationalization; members warned about something but do not take any notice. Belief in inherent morality; members believe in their goal and ignore all moral consequences. Stereotyped views of out-groups; negative views of enemy make effective responses to conflict seem unnecessary. Direct pressure on dissenters; members cannot argue with group views without being under pressure. Self-censorship; deviations...
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...MEMORY IS LEARNING THAT PERSISTS Why We Forget 1. Negative self-concept: we think of ourselves forgetting things. 2. We have not learned the material well. If something is to be retained, it must be correctly, clearly and forcibly impressed on the mind. We must give it the necessary attention and interest. Self-questioning and spaced or periodic reviews are essential. 3. Psychological reasons: defensive forgetting Generally, unpleasant things are remembered better than pleasant things (especially by pessimists) and both pleasant and unpleasant things are remembered better than materials we are indifferent to. Freudian theory holds that unpleasant things are often barred from consciousness. This is often referred to as active forgetting. 4. Disuse Memories fade away rapidly when not reviewed or used. The curve of forgetting is like a playground slide; we forget most immediately after we learn -in the first 24 hours; then it proceeds slowly. Motor learning seems to be better retained than verbal learning because a motor act has to be completely done to be done at all and so requires a higher degree of organization and competency which involves over-learning. But "forgotten" material can be relearned in less time than is required for the original learning, even after many years' disuse. EVEN MATERIAL THAT WE DO NOT RELEARN HAS UNDOUBTEDLY BEEN TRANSFORMED INTO ATTITUDES AND VALUES THAT FORM THE FOUNDATIONS OF OUR JUDGMENT...
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...MEMORY Memory is one of the most important concepts in learning; if things are not remembered, no learning can take place. Futhermore, memory has served as a battleground for opposing theories and paradigms of learning (e.g., Adams, 1967; Ashcraft, 1989; Bartlett, 1932; Klatzky, 1980; Loftus & Loftus, 1976; Tulving & Donaldson, 1972). Some of the major issues include recall versus recognition, the nature of forgetting (i.e., interference versus decay), the structure of memory, and intentional versus incidental learning. According to the early behaviorist theories (e.g., Thorndike, Guthrie, Hull), remembering was a function of S-R pairings which acquired strength due to contiguity or reinforcement. Stimulus sampling theory explained many memory phenomenon on the basis of statistical outcomes. On the other hand, cognitive theories (e.g., Tolman) insisted that meaning (i.e., semantic factors) played an important role in remembering. In particular, Miller suggested that information was organized into "chunks" according to some commonality. The idea that memory is always an active reconstruction of existing knowledge was championed by Bruner and is found in the theories of Ausubel and Schank. Some theories of memory have concerned themselves with the nature of the processing. Paivio suggests a dual coding scheme for verbal and visual information. Craik & Lockhart proposed that information can be processed to different levels of understanding. Rumelhart & Norman describe three...
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...The Human Memory Tracey Percifield American Intercontinental University Abstract Unit 4 IP The human mind is a fascinating instrument that is very complex and even though we know quite a lot about it we still do not know everything. The human memory has three phases of memory interpretation; Sensory Memory, Short-Term Memory and Long-Term Memory. Knowing how each of these memories store information is comparison to c computer. The average adult knows anywhere between 50,000 to 100, 00 words. The brain is incredible in protecting itself when injuries occur at times. The Human Memory The Father of Psychology begins with Sigmund Freud and his analysis of Psychoanalysis and the theories he introduced. Freud had many theories that caused controversy throughout his career but in today’s society they are accepted and his findings were true then as they are now without the controversy. In the unconscious mind we absorb many things from learning to traumatic events and information is stored, processed and in some ways affect our lives if we don’t resolve the issues at hand then we carry them with us and they still may affect us as we grow older (IEP, 2010). In 1968 two other Psychologist Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin develop a model of the human mind with the understanding how memory storage is taken in and processed and recalled for later usage. The model is referred to Atkinson-Shiffrin model and is explained as three phases of sensory, short-term and...
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...Queuing Theory Queuing Theory • Queuing theory is the mathematics of waiting lines. • It is extremely useful in predicting and evaluating system performance. • Queuing theory has been used for operations research. Traditional queuing theory problems refer to customers visiting a store, analogous to requests arriving at a device. Long Term Averages • Queuing theory provides long term average values. • It does not predict when the next event will occur. • Input data should be measured over an extended period of time. • We assume arrival times and service times are random. • • • • Assumptions Independent arrivals Exponential distributions Customers do not leave or change queues. Large queues do not discourage customers. Many assumptions are not always true, but queuing theory gives good results anyway Queuing Model Q W λ Tw Tq S Interesting Values • Arrival rate (λ) — the average rate at which customers arrive. • Service time (s) — the average time required to service one customer. • Number waiting (W) — the average number of customers waiting. • Number in the system (Q) — the average total number of customers in the system. More Interesting Values • Time in the system (Tq) the average time each customer is in the system, both waiting and being serviced. Time waiting (Tw) the average time each customer waits in the queue. Tq = Tw + s Arrival Rate • The arrival rate, λ, is the average rate new customers arrive measured in arrivals per time period....
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...conversations and more, I’m going to discuss in details the memory system from stimuli into long term memory. We have technical enhance impede flow in every step. Proactive interference and retroactive interference show us how we will contract our effects while studying facilitates the maximum retention into long-term memory and also I’m going to discuss how we can forget things and what other types of forgetting we have. The strategy can improve our memory, consolidation and retrieval. Human Memory processes and stages Human memory is like a computer anything we need or is important we will store them for later; the same thing is with our brain we will encode, store and reuse them from our past, it will gives us power to lean and keep our past experiences, and remembering them we it needed. According to (Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968) processed two human memory models short and long term memories, later they add the third memory model which was the Sensory memory. The processes of human memory are three, Encoding, Storage and Retrieval as I mentioned in my first paragraph...
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...follows; Sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Sensory Memory The first stage of memory is recognized as sensory memory. Sensory memory handles all information that an individual senses that is going to happen in the present. It registers what an individual smells, feels, sees, tastes, and hears for a very momentary period of time. Then it substitutes the information with new sensory information or interprets it to short-term memory if you comprehend something as important, such as a gorgeous flower bouquet or an unclear address. Normally, visual data is recorded for only about 500 milliseconds before it is lost. Other sensory data is detained for only about one or two seconds before it is replaced. The sensory memory processes huge quantities of information every day, but this information is interpreted. It is like an enormous quantity of raw data that is continuously being handled and replaced ("What Are The Three Stages Of The Memory Process? Read More: What Are The Three Stages Of The Memory Process? | Ehow.com Http://www.ehow.com/info_8413619_three-Stages-Memory-Process.html#ixzz2rrgf69if", 1999-2013). Short-term memory Amongst sensory memory and long-term memory is the stage recognized as short-term memory. Short-term memory lasts somewhat longer. As long as an individual gives thought to something, he or she can keep it in short-term memory. It could be a home address you have been repeating constantly until you can write it down, or the look of a friends...
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