...gyw³‡hv×v msm` wbev©P‡b †Kb igRvb Avjx‡K K·evRvi BDwbU KgvÛvi c‡` †fvU †`‡eb? evsjv‡`k gyw³‡hv×v msm` mKj gyw³‡hv×v fvB‡`i cÖvYwcÖq cÖwZôvb| †`‡ki cÖ‡Z¨K †Rjvq GB cÖwZôvb gyw³‡hv×v fvB‡`i mvwe©K Kj¨v‡Y cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q| GB cÖwZôv‡bi gva¨‡g Ab¨vb¨ †Rjvq cªvq mKj gyw³‡hv×viv Avw_©K, ˆelwqK I mvgvwRK †¶‡Î wewfbœ Kj¨vb AR©b Ki‡Z mg_©¨ n‡q‡Q| Avi Zviv n‡q‡Q mgv‡R m¤§vb I gh©v`vi Avm‡b AwawôZ| wKš‘ AZxe `yt‡Li mv‡_ ej‡Z n‡”Q weMZ 02 hyM a‡i K·evRvi †Rjv gyw³‡hv×v msm` †K ¸wUK‡qK gyw³‡hv×v bv‡gi Pig A_©‡jvfx `ybx©wZevR‡`i `L‡j P‡j hvq| Zviv AbwZwej‡¤^ GB msm`‡K A‡_©vcvR©‡bi nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i| Zv‡`i †bZ…‡Z¡B GB wcÖq msm‡`B ïi“ nq Ryqv †Lj, g`¨cvb I wewfbœ AmvgvwRK I A‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ûi Avmi| Gme Kg©KvÛ K·evRv‡ii mKj RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q GK gyL‡ivPK Av‡jvPbvi wel‡q cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| gyw³‡hv×v‡`i PwiÎ wb‡q †jvKR‡bi wewfbœ Akvjxb gš—e¨ ïb‡j j¾vq gv_v †nU n‡q hvq| Gme `ybx©wZevRiv Gfv‡e RvwZi †kªô mš—vb gyw³‡hv×v‡`i gvb gh©v`v‡K fyjywÉZ K‡i‡Q| GQvov evwYR¨ †gjv‡Z wewfbœ Akxj Abyôvb K‡i, msm‡`i cyi‡bv feb wewµ K‡i †KvwU UvKv Avq K‡i‡Q Avi Zv m¤ú~Y© AvZ¥mvr K‡i‡Q| Gme A‡_©i UvKvI gyw³‡hv×v msm‡`i GKvD‡›U Rgv c‡owb| 333 Rb †M‡R‡Ui gyw³‡hv×v fvB‡`i A‡bK cwievi Av‡Q hviv Pig Avw_©K AbU‡b GK‡ejv †L‡q I GK‡ejv Afy³ †_‡K w`bvwZcvZ Ki‡Qb| A_P wbôzi, `ybx©wZevRiv Gme AfveMÖ¯’ gyw³‡hv×v‡`i mvnvh¨v‡_© e‡j mvBb‡evW© Uvw½‡q ïayB jyU K‡i‡Q| K‡qK eQ‡i †Pqvig¨vb byi“j Avemvi kvnRvnvb I igRvb Avjx wKQz Kg©KvÛ wb‡gœ Zz‡j aiv nj| 1| SvDZjvq Aew¯’Z gyw³‡hv×v msm‡` Ryqvi †evW© Pvjy Ki‡j gyw³‡hv×v‡`i G wcÖq cÖwZóv‡b...
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...repetition) within the short term memory allows information to be refreshed and recycled for us to be able to use it. This Information is then passed through elaborative rehearsal (by meaning) to the long term memory. The capacity for the LTM is unlimited, it encodes information semantically and duration lasts from an hour to a lifetime. The multi store memory has three features: It has 3 unitary stores, it is simplistic & well-structured and it moves in a linear. Evaluation There is support from neurological case studies. Since the MSM claims that the STM and LTM are in two separate stores evidence can be found in the case studies of Clive wearing. He suffered damage to his hippocampus following a viral infection which meant that information could not be sent from his STM to LTM and he could no longer retain information since his illness. Neurological case studies clearly shows that the STM and LTM are in 2 separate stores as described by the MSM. However we should be cautious when using evidence form...
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...Gay Organs, Straight Blood Currently in the United States, any male that has had sex with another male, is banned from donating blood for life. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has had lifetime deferral policies in place since the early 1980’s and official policies in place since the early 1990’s. The policies were put in to place due to FDA’s views on risk and transmission of HIV in male to male sexual contact (MSM). Theses policies have been heavily debated for some time. Some major arguments come in to play such as standard precautions for all, as well as double standards and codes of ethics. The U.S. FDA must make extreme changes to their risk assessment policies for all donors to appropriately keep up with modern day society. Why is it that bisexual and homosexual males, are able to be living donors, as well as be donors post mortem, but cannot donate blood? When it comes to the healthcare field, there is a term branded into all workers minds, “universal precaution”. This term means that as a health care worker, you must treat all patients as potentially having a transmittable or communicable disease, even if the case isn’t confirmed. These precautions or rules are in place to protect patients and workers from any possibility of transmitting or spreading any germs/infectious diseases. When it comes to the prescreening process for blood donation, all potential donors are required to answer a set of questions, as noted by the Human Rights Campaign, “to determine risk...
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...STUDYING AND ANALYZING THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATION CULTURE ON THE EMPLOYEE WORK ATTITUDE. by Fathi Abd El-Fatah El-Hashash Supervised by Prof. Dr. Kamel Ali Omran This paper was submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) at Maastricht School Of Management, MSM Maastricht, The Netherlands Maastricht School Of Management P.O.Box 1203 6201 BE Maastricht The Netherlands October 2007 COPYRIGHT All copyright reserved t the Regional IT Institute and to be owned by the Institute who reserve all rights to this document. Any copy, reproduction in any form or by any means and / or use of this document or any part of it is prohibited and only allowed after taking written permission from the Regional IT Institute. © Fathi El-Hashash, MsM-RITI-Cairo Outreach Program, 2007 i ACKNOWLEDGMENT With GOD wiliness I managed to finish this thesis after days and months of hard working. I would like to dedicate my thesis to the soul of my father who passed away 11 years ago, but still live in my heart and mind. I wish to tell him that I would never reached what I achieved in my life without your effort and raising, and no matter what I did I would never give you back what you deserve. Father I really do miss you so much my best friend. I would like also to dedicate my thesis to my mother, who suffer a sever illness problem, but gave me the best support I can ever have, I would like to thank my brother Ahmed, my sister...
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...showing where information is stored and how it is transferred between the Short Term Memory and the Long Term Memory. The MSM suggests that the memory is made up of three separate stores (sensory memory, STM and LTM) all three of these stores have different capacities. The sensory store has a large capacity but it is still limited, whereas the STM can only hold about 7+/-2 items, which again differs to the LTM, which has an unlimited capacity. The MSM is said to have many advantages, but it also has many disadvantages: The theory has encourages other researchers to find evidence to help support it. In 1962, Murdock created an experiment where he has participants to learn a list of words that varied from 10 to 30 words. His results found that the words in the beginning and the end of the list were more often recalled but the ones in the middle were forgotten. He suggested that the words from the beginning were contents of the LTM because they were the most rehearsed and the words from the end were contents of the STM because they were the most recently remembered. However, the ones in the middle had been held too long to stay in the STM but weren’t rehearsed enough to transfer into the LTM. This experiment proves that the MSM is accurate as it agrees with Atkinson and Shiffrin’s statement that the memory is made up of two separate stores. Although the MSM gives us an idea of how we remember information and how long we remember it for, it is extremely simplistic, it also doesn’t...
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...comprehensive review of the literature on social network intervention in HIV prevention among MSM. I performed a systematic literature research in multi-lingual databases and located a relatively exhaustive collection of articles on social network interventions in MSM. There is strong evidence that such interventions are efficacious in generating changes in behavioral and psychological constructs that might lead to risk reduction in HIV infection and transmission. This paper identified several urgent issues in the current state of research development, particularly, a lack of theoretical development, an insufficient numbers of methodologically rigorous studies, and an absence of clear conceptual distinctions and implementary recommendations. The review also proposes potential solutions and suggestions for future research. Introduction Men who have sex with men (MSM) comprise the largest proportion of new HIV infections in the USA (CDC, 2011). Efforts to curtail the incidence of HIV infection require that at-risk individuals adopt effective behavioral changes. Previous research and prevention programs targeting risk behaviors among MSM often have focused on individualistic models of health behavior, but sexual behaviors are inherently determined by constituents of individuals’ social networks. Recently, there has been considerable research interest in studying HIV risk and prevention among MSM from network perspectives because network perspectives...
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...Outline and evaluate the Multi Store Model (12 marks) Atkinson and Shiffrin’s (1968) multi-store model of memory (MSM) shows the distinction between the separate unitary stores of sensory, short-term (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) and two processes (attention and rehearsal). All information passes through the system in a linear fashion. External stimuli/ information first enter the sensory store directly from our five senses. It remains in the sensory store for a maximum duration of around 2 seconds before it decays and is replaced with new information. If information in the sensory store has been paid attention to then it can be passed on to the short term memory/store (STM). According to George Millar (1956), the STM can store around 7 +- 2 chunks of information. It is encoded primarily in an acoustic format (Alan Baddeley, 1996) however it can also be encoded visually. Furthermore it remains there for around 12-30 seconds without being rehearsed. When there information is rehearsed it can remain there for as long as it’s being rehearsed (maintenance rehearsal) and will be able to stop any new information from entering the store. Transfer from the STM to the LTM is achieved through elaborative rehearsal. New information which enters the STM displaces any information which is already there; consequently the information which is not rehearsed and passed to the LTM is forgotten (decay occurs once again). When information enters the LTM it can remain there for a life time...
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...2013-14 junior class at Mississippi School for Mathematics and Science (MSMS)-the state of Mississippi’s only residential public, high school specifically tailored to meet the needs of the state’s most academically gifted high school juniors and seniors. Admission criteria for MSMS included school performance that showed superior grades especially in areas of mathematics and science, ACT scores, individual science research project, essay, personal interview before a panel of MSMS administrators and instructors, be noted for intellectual curiosity, analytical thinking and imagination, demonstrate clear evidence of strong interest in science and mathematics plus any other class work deemed appropriate by the State Dept. of Education. While MSMS students may differ in their academic, cultural and economic backgrounds, they share an intense motivation to excel academically in order to prepare for successful college experiences, professional careers and positions of leadership. Hayley began her formal education at First Baptist Church Kindergarten in Taylorsville and attended the first thru tenth grades at Mize Attendance Center where she has had wonderful educational experiences. While at Mize she won numerous academic awards, was in the band for six years, color guard captain for two years, cheerleader for ten years and qualified for the state tennis match for the past two years. At MSMS Hayley will continue tennis and looks forward to being on the girl’s soccer...
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...AO1: Shriffin et al proposed the Multi-Store Memory model (MSM), a structural model composed of 3 separate stores: Sensory memory (SM), Short-term memory (STM) and Long-term memory (LTM). The sensory memory receives constant information from environmental stimuli through the senses. It stays in the SM for short periods because it receives little attention. However, if attention is focused on these stimuli, it becomes processed into the STM. Rehearsal maintains information in the STM but can be forgotten quickly due to limited duration (decay) or displacement of new information due to limited capacity. Through maintenance rehearsal, information is transferred to the LTM. The LTM has unlimited capacity and duration depending on the processing of information. While the LTM encoding is mainly semantic the STM encoding is auditory with a capacity of 7 +/- 2 items and duration of up to 18 seconds. AO2: The model has been criticised for lacking ecological validity. This is because the evidence for the model primarily comes from meaningless verbal data rather than memory concerned with real life. The MSM can be argued to be reductionist for oversimplifying memory structure. The model assumes that short-term and long-term stores are unitary: contrary evidence from the working memory model has demonstrated that short-term memory is divided into multiple components. Peterson and Peterson’s (1959) study supports the role of rehearsal. 24 participants had to recall...
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...What the study is about: The purpose of this study aims to investigate factors which lead to the high level of HIV/AIDS reported cases of men having sex with men (MSM). Additionally the research also wants to get feedback about how certain groups will respond to a media campaign to educate this perceived group high risk of men about safe sex practises. What I will ask you to do: If you agree to participate in the study, you will firstly answer a questionnaire of twenty- six items. Then I will conduct an interview with you, the interview will include questions about your personal, sex life, safe sex practices, your feelings safe practises, your feelings on how the successful you think a media campaign might in be in educating others about safe sex practices among men who have sex with men (MSM). The interview will take about fifteen minutes to complete. With your permission, I would also like to tape-record the interview if deemed necessary. Risk and benefits: I do not anticipate any risks to you participating in this study other than those encountered in day- to-day life. A benefit to participating in the study is it will provide insight into the factors which may lead to the increase in the reported cases of HIV/AIDS men who are sex with men (MSM) in Jamaica and lead to a reduction in these cases. Additionally it will help with the implementation of media campaign to educate about safe sex practice among high risk groups. Compensation: There is no compensation for participating...
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...past performance in order to guide ourselves for desired action and behavior. Being a leader and owner of the firm I have dual responsibilities to organize and develop a culture of selflessness. A failure of my team member is the failure of myself. I had to do my work selflessly and biggest challenge for me is to get my team members also work selflessly for our firm. Each of our team members feels as he/she is the owner of the firm and we do our work for firm success, we should not to stick it for earning livelihood. That is the most admiring change, which I am striving to bring about. The hardest job for me is to set myself as an example for my all fellows. All such exercises have made me able to actively contribute towards MSM program. MSM program will provide me an opportunity to further develop a broader understanding of management/leadership and enhancing my analytical skills. This program will also provide me with the hands-on study and learn from...
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...The experiment was perform in triplicates to eliminate sample bias. The explanatory variable, which was a 250mg of PU, was placed into 100ml Erlenmeyer flask with 50ml of MSM and was inoculated with Aspergillus fumigatus Strain S45 spores. The response variable, 250mg of PU was placed into 100ml Erlenmeyer flask with 50ml of MSM. Every day for the next 30 days, the samples were dried and were weighted. Figure 2. shows that the control group did not show any change within its mass, which is to be expected considering the plastic takes millions of years to decompose. However, there was a 20% decrease in mass for the experimental group (Osman et al. 303). This showed that Aspergillus fumigatus Strain S45 supported the researcher hypotheses that Strain S45 displays the characteristics of degrading...
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...study among 575 young MSM to quantify their behavioral intentions to initiate human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and to test an integrative model of HPV vaccine decision making. The integrative behavioral model (IBM) was used to inform this study. The IBM posits that a set of population-specific salient beliefs underlies the formation of attitudes toward HPV vaccination, perceived norms in favor or against vaccination, and perceived control over one’s ability to get vaccinated if desired. The effects of attitudes, norms, and perceived control on HPV vaccination are mediated by the individual’s behavioral intention (Ajzen, 1991). The IBM model, as applied to this particular issue, specifies that beliefs...
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...MidSouth Microbrewery* In 2002, two former Anheuser-Busch employees started their own brewery, MidSouth Microbrewery (MSM). Alexandra (Alex) Bennett and Pete Landgren developed a business plan and obtained a business start-up loan from a local commercial bank. The loan proceeds, combined with their own savings, were sufficient to purchase a small manufacturing facility and equipment. To save money, they purchased most of the stainless steel equipment at a dairy farm auction and then converted the equipment to suit their brewing needs. Other supplies and equipment were purchased from a brewers supply house in Tennessee. Through December 2007, MidSouth Microbrewery had grown steadily, and produced three labels of specialty beers. The company’s first profits were posted in 2005. The Brewing Process Brewing is essentially a four-stage process. Direct labor is incurred primarily in stages one, two, and four. To begin brewing a batch, malt, sugar, hops, and water are mixed and “cooked”. MSM uses a 350-liter copper kettle with a natural gas burner for this stage, which takes 4 to 7 hours, depending on the particular brew produced. This produces a mixture referred to as wort. In stage 2, the wort is siphoned through a wort chiller into one of eight fermentation tanks owned by MSM. The wort chiller is a double copper tube in which cold water is forced in one direction in the outer tube and the wort is pumped the other direction into a fermentation tank through the inner...
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...Leadership …power … influence … path-builder … director … it can defined in many ways, but most commonly Leader is person who influences the thoughts and behaviors of others; a leaders is one who establishes the direction for others to willingly follow. One person can serve as a leader or several persons might share leadership. A person may be appointed as leader or may be elected by people within his circle. Leaders play vital role in standardizing performance. Leaders can influence other to perform beyond the expectations. Managers plan, organize, lead and control so that “leading” and “managing” are inseparable, they are both integral part of each other. If one cant influence and inspire others to work willingly towards aims then all planning and organizing will be ineffective. Similarly setting direction is usually not enough, no matter how inspiring one can be, management skills are crucial. Leaders will simultaneously fill many roles interacting, motivating group members, solving conflicts as they arise. Leaders set vision, strategies, goals, and values in order to guide for desired action and behavior. Leaders are characterized by certain traits which distinguish leaders from non-leaders includes Drive, desire to lead, honesty, cognitive ability, self-confidence and knowledge. Effective leaders must have two major qualities: knowledge and communication competence. Leader needs knowledge of issue and the ways of effectively leading a team. This knowledge will enable...
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