...RUNNING HEAD: Diversity Issues in Career Counseling Abstract This paper will give a brief overview of how bias, assumptions and diversity can impact the career counseling relationship. The impact of values, bias, and the ability to move beyond barriers in the counseling relationship is essential to successful outcomes in working with clients. The rationale for the appropriateness of multicultural counseling competency and the impact of culture in the counseling process will be discussed as will multicultural counseling in the framework of career counseling. Culture & Counseling Counseling provides support, assistance and helps individuals to transition through developmental stages and life challenges. The study of human development, personality, psychopathology and multi-cultural issues in counseling has increased this writer’s awareness of the importance of counseling in the lives of human beings. According to Kluckhohn & Strodtbeck, human beings share biological traits and characteristics that form the basis of the development of culture (Kluckhohn & Strodtbeck, 1961). Kluckhohn & Strodtbeck further contend that people feel that their beliefs and values are normal and that other people’s values are abnormal or strange (Kluckhohn & Strodtbeck, 1961). The counselor must be able to incorporate cultural values and norms of the client in the process of their approach in order to have successful outcomes. The self concept, worldview, life...
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...In responding to my Module 4 Counseling theories and practice discussion prompt on reality and behavior therapies I mentioned, I particularly found the techniques of assertion training and self-monitoring to be effective techniques I often employ in working with clients with Autism and those who exhibit behavioral difficulties. Assertion training is used to increase clients’ behavioral repertoire so that they may be able to make the decision as to whether or not they will behave assertively in certain situations (Corey, 2013). It is a very suitable technique for working with clients who frequently display faulty thinking, negative self-statements and self-defeating beliefs through challenging their beliefs. Self-monitoring on the other hand, provides clients with an opportunity to observe their own behavior and develop responsibility skills. Also, in my scholarly...
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...Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists American Psychological Association Approved as APA Policy by the APA Council of Representatives, August, 2002 Copyright, American Psychological Association, 2002 Author Note: This document was approved as policy of the American Psychological Association (APA) by the APA Council of Representatives in August, 2002. This document was drafted by a joint Task Force of APA Divisions 17 (Counseling Psychology) and 45 (The Society for the Psychological Study of Ethnic Minority Issues). These guidelines have been in the process of development for 22 years, so many individuals and groups require acknowledgement. The Divisions 17/45 writing team for the present document included Nadya Fouad, PhD, Co-Chair, Patricia Arredondo, EdD, Co-Chair, Michael D’Andrea, EdD and Allen Ivey, EdD. These guidelines build on work related to multicultural counseling competencies by Division 17 (Sue et al., 1982) and the Association of Multicultural Counseling and Development (Arredondo et al., 1996; Sue, Arredondo, & McDavis, 1992). The Task Force acknowledges Allen Ivey, EdD, Thomas Parham, PhD, and Derald Wing Sue, PhD for their leadership related to the work on competencies. The Divisions 17/45 writing team for these guidelines was assisted in reviewing the relevant literature by Rod Goodyear, PhD, Jeffrey S. Mio, PhD, Ruperto (Toti) Perez, PhD, William Parham, PhD, and Derald Wing Sue...
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...Events Impact on School Counseling Profession Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting occurred December 14, 2012 in Newton, Connecticut. This was one of the deadliest mass shooting at a grade school in the history of the United States. A 20 year old male, Adam Lanza fatally shot 20 children and 6 adult staffers. Lanza also shot his mother. Lanza committed suicide by shooting himself in the head. Lanza had significant mental health issues which psychologist say did affect his ability to live a normal life. (www.CNN.com). Today there are has been more than 100 school shootings since the massacre at Sandy Hook Elementary. (www.schoolsecurity). Traumatic stress and psychological distress play a major role in counseling children. School counseling has become even more valuable in the U.S. due to traumatic events such as school shootings. School shootings have had a major impact on students, families and communities. There is a more security and law enforcement present at schools across the US and metal detectors in schools also. School children are being taught how to prepare if there is a shooter or shooters in schools. Due to the increased acts of violence in schools and the need for intensive intervention in student issues, school personnel, school boards, and communities are recognizing the need to provide effective prevention and intervention programs to address social, emotional, and academic needs of students. (Davis, T., 2015, Exploring School Counseling). In the next ten years...
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...counselor. Additionally, the framework of the community counseling model is taken into account, including some of the strategies used in community counseling. The Role of a Community Counselor Community counseling can be defined as “…a comprehensive helping framework that is grounded in multicultural competence and oriented toward social justice (Lewis, Lewis, Daniels, & D'Andrea, 2011). While this definition may serve as a starting point, any meaningful understanding of the role and function of a Community counselor requires more than a brief description or a cursory glance at a definition. The community counseling model is based on four fundamental assumptions and several concepts. The first assumption is: “1. Human development and behavior take place in environmental contexts that have the potential to be nurturing or limiting” (Lewis et al., 2011). This assumption refers to the connection between people and their environment and its potential to act as a source of support or as a limiting factor on their development. The community counseling model effectively deals with the environmental factors that have an influence on the development of problems that people encounter. “2. Even in the face of devastating stress, people who are treated respectfully can demonstrate surprising levels of strength and access resources that a pessimistic helper might not see” (Lewis et al., 2011). Traditional approaches to counseling have featured a narrowly focused scope with an emphasis...
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...Running Head: COUNSELING AND SOCIAL JUSTICE Stepping up Counseling Responsibilities in a Socially Unjust Society Abstract Social Justice has been an emerging issue over the last century in today’s service environment of helping professionals. I reviewed several articles where the main theme is; we live in a world of systems that allow for injustice and oppression. The Professional Counselor’s work deals with many of the symptoms that permit for this injustice and oppression. The articles had similar recurring traits that are stressed as important practices that need to be adopted by Professionals in the helping field to increase awareness of social justice and implement actions for change in a socially unjust society. I will explain the four main attributes: knowledge, awareness, research and advocacy and explain how education and focus in each area will contribute to the social justice inequities in the communities we practice. If professional counselors want to promote social justice, to be effective, there has to be a movement to take action on the burdensome stigmatisms and unfortunate inequities that human beings bring to professionals about the communities they live in. Social justice and the counseling profession have roots that goes back to the 1900’s. It has always been understood from a social work point of view that problems such as depression, anxiety, and abuse often derive from economic...
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...relations to the Asian American Population. The writer will identify potential problem that Asian Americans encounter in a pluralistic society such as the United States of America. The personal competencies will be identified and analyzed to improve interaction with Asians American within a counseling professional setting. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Title Page 1 2. Abstract 2 3. Introduction 4 4. Define Asian American 5 5. Historical Antecedents 6 6. Potential Problems 7 7. Educational Reflection 8 8. Personal Competencies 8 10. Theories Identity Formation 9 11. Action Plan 10 12. References 11 13. Annotated Bibliography 12 In Espiritu (1992) as the United States becomes an increasingly diverse society, the need for understanding the psychological impact of the immigrant and second-generation experience increases. This understanding is crucial for two distinct reasons: first, it will help understand American society as it evolves and changes, and second, it will help understand ethnic communities, families, and individuals more intimately. For the fields of human services this knowledge will provide effective social services to acculturating populations (p.36). According to Lee (1996)...
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...Preferably, if there is need for rehabilitation counseling any person regardless of race or ethnicity should receive the services. The importance of understanding a person’s cultural background can help identify the unique needs of a person. The term culture is an influential human instrument for existence, but it is a delicate phenomenon. It is continually altering and easily lost because it occurs only in our minds. Our written languages, governments, buildings, and other man-made things are simply the products of culture. Cultural awareness is about more than just risk for certain problems, like mental health, stroke and diabetes in people with disabilities. This article discussed the importance of counselors being aware of cultural beliefs and disability in rehabilitation. According to the article counselors should understand and acknowledge how different cultures view disability. There should be an adjustment in the perception and treatment of persons with disabilities who are receiving counseling services, Promotion of education for the people with disabilities about...
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...of Ethics As approved by the ACA Governing Council AMERICAN COUNSELING ASSOCIATION counseling.org Mission The mission of the American Counseling Association is to enhance the quality of life in society by promoting the development of professional counselors, advancing the counseling profession, and using the profession and practice of counseling to promote respect for human dignity and diversity. © 2014 by the American Counseling Association. All rights reserved. Note: This document may be reproduced in its entirety without permission for non-commercial purposes only. Contents ACA Code of Ethics Preamble • 3 ACA Code of Ethics Purpose • 3 Section A The Counseling Relationship • 4 Section B Section Confidentiality and Privacy • 6 C Professional Responsibility • 8 Section D Relationships With Other Professionals • 10 Section E Evaluation, Assessment, and Interpretation • 11 Section F Supervision, Training, and Teaching • 12 Section G Research and Publication • 15 Section H Distance Counseling, Technology, and Social Media • 17 Section I Resolving Ethical Issues • 18 Glossary of Terms • 20 Index • 21 • 2 • ACA Code of Ethics Preamble The American Counseling Association (ACA) is an educational, scientific, and professional organization whose members work in a variety of settings and serve in multiple capacities. Counseling is a professional relationship that empowers diverse individuals...
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...Case Study Counseling Plan u08a1 Assignment Brenda J. Owens COUN 5225 – Human Sexuality Abstract The case study of Sara and Amy was selected to develop a counseling plan. This couple is in a lesbian and bi-racial relationship, Sara is Caucasian and in her early thirties and Amy is African American and in her late thirties. This couple has lived together for 1year and resides far away from both of their families of origin. Both are employed, however Sara recently lost a good paying corporate position and now maintains two lower paying jobs with longer hours. This couple is seeking counseling for Sara’s persistent lack of interest in sexual relations with her partner Amy. The purpose of this paper is to assess the sexual issues of this couple, analyze the dynamics of their relationship, develop a Multi-axial diagnostic impression and develop a counseling plan. In Section I, the paper will assess sexual issues involved in the selected case study. The integration of the sexual disorder with the sexual response cycle will be discussed. The paper will analyze and compare the sexual response cycle and the concept of sexual normality as applied to the case study. In Section II, the paper will assess the couple’s sexuality and discuss how sexual orientation issues can influence the sexual dysfunction and the overall dynamics of relationship. In Section III, a Multi-axial diagnostic impression will be developed to classify the sexual...
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...military’s mission. This author hopes to cover several topics that relate directly to the culture of the U.S. Military and therapists intending to work with this population. These topics include emotions, themes of isolation and alienation, the stigma associated with getting help, multiculturalism and how it relates to these individuals, honor, demographics of the new all-volunteer service, reasons people join the military, authoritarian families, parental absences, allegiance to the military mission, military hierarchal structure, and the defining features of the Fortress (secrecy, stoicism, and denial). Concepts of Military Culture “The whole culture of the military is that you don’t talk about feelings or emotions” (Marshal, 2006, p. 32). There is prevalent stigma within the culture of the military that people who attend therapy or counseling are weak, and do not have the right stuff to deal with the demands and/or stress of life in the military (Pryce, Ogilvy-Lee, & Pryce, 2000). The stigma operates in lock-step with the understanding, that those who receive mental health services will most likely garner adverse...
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...Ethical Issues in Group Counseling COUN 612: Mental Health Ethics, Law and Practice April 28, 2011 Introduction Group counseling offers multiple relationships to assist an individual in growth and problem solving. Groups are an excellent treatment choice for numerous intrapersonal and interpersonal issues, and in helping people to change. Groups provide a sense of community to its members allowing them to see that they are not alone. In group therapy sessions, members are encouraged to discuss the issues that brought them to therapy openly and honestly. It is the responsibility of the counselor to work to create an atmosphere of trust and acceptance that encourages members to support one another. This atmosphere is developed and maintained from the initial intake of a client to the close of group. Many ethical dilemmas and questions arise for group therapists, a few of which will be addressed here: group work with diverse populations; rights of clients, informed consent and confidentiality; and involuntary clients. Description of Topic More recently group therapy has been widely used in the mental health field. There is a natural power in a therapeutic group that helps to bring about personal change for group members (Corey, Corey & Corey, 2010). Groups are designed to remediate specific problems or even prevent problems. It is the responsibility of the group leader, or counselor, to consciously acknowledge human diversity in society and the group setting. If...
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...Multicultural Competency Paper Psych 535 November 3, 2014 Professor Cejka Individuals, who have the ability of understanding and appreciating an adequate amount of another culture while having the ability to communicate and work with individuals from that culture, are socially capable. The American Psychological Association formed a group of culture detailed and multiethnic rules. These particular guidelines supply a platform for psychologists for the effective dispersal of services to the general public (GMETRPOCP, 2003). Focusing on guideline number one, “psychologist are encouraged to recognize that, as cultural being, they may hold attitudes and beliefs that can detrimentally influence their perceptions of and interaction with individuals who are ethnically and racially different from themselves” (GMETRPOCP, p.8, para.12, 2003). It is truly vital that psychologists identified and admit that his or her individual ideas, opinions, and outlooks can influence the effectiveness of the rapport he or she has with his or her clients. This is of the greatest significance because unwillingly, a psychologist’s individual view of another person can lead to negative judgments built on the group in which the psychologist’s has categorized the individual. Many issues become pertinent, including factors that can influence individuals to begin categorizing others that can lead to attitude changes simply because someone is racially or culturally different...
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...2004). One must acknowledge the potentially biasing effects of preconceived ideas. Such ideas can evolve from a number of sources including culture and environment. In contemporary American culture, some regard the aging process view as being undesirable. For them, the term old connotes an inevitable future involving physical frailty, narrow-mindedness, incompetence, and loss of attraction. Adulthood is seen as a period of decline (Papalia et al. 2002). Hence, the potential influence of an ageist philosophy can influence the learning outcomes of an adult developmental course. Another concern involves how to enhance the retention of material and instill a positive attitude toward information presented in the classroom. Effective...
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...from his or her own background plus any appropriate comments. The major points of this chapter (which could be covered in an instructor’s introduction of the chapter) are as follows: 1. Occupations, including counseling, develop because there is a need. 2. The need for such personal assistance - advice, guidance, counseling - has existed, and in various ways been attended to, over the ages. 3. Many of the well-known historical figures (e.g. Plato, Aristotle, Charlemagne, Rousseau, and Thomas Jefferson) have expressed “counseling” points of view. 4. Psychology emerged as a field of study and psychiatry as a specialized branch of medicine in the late 1800s. 5. The development of programs of guidance and counseling in American education began in the years just prior to World War I. Frank Parsons is usually credited with much of the success of its early beginnings. 6. Parsons considered three factors necessary for the wise choice of a vocation. They were: (a) a clear understanding of self; (b) a knowledge of the requirements and conditions for success, compensation, and opportunities in different careers; and (b) true reasoning on the relationships between (a) and (b). 7. Other influences on the development of the counseling movement were: a. the development of standardized tests appropriate for assessment of intelligence and other characteristics of youth. b. the renewed interest in mental health as a result of Clifford...
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