...that contributed to the rise of Europe. The first was the formation of alliance systems, which allowed for long term relationships between countries. Next was a sense of nationalism, which gave countries unity and allowed them to work together for the good of their country. Another factor was militarism and the arms race. Each country wanted to show their power through the military, even though they didn’t want to fight. Two more factors that contributed to the rise in European power include imperialism, or the belief of superiority, and Social Darwinism, which is a theory that competition between all individuals, groups, nations or ideas drives social evolution in human societies (Wikipedia). Many client-state relationships evolved in this time period, with Europe being the superior state and other nations being the subordinate clients. Because of these factors, Europe had better food distribution, advances in medicine and sanitation. Their standard of living also increased. Progress in Europe seemed inevitable; however, it was these factors that ultimately led to its downfall in the mid 20th century. The first major hit that Europe received was the “Great War” or World War I which occurred from 1914 to 1918. The causes of this war were not clear cut but they were believed to be the formation of alliances, competition, militarism and nationalism. Secret alliances developed in Europe after the Franco-Prussian War, which eventually split the continent into...
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...World War I Bill Johnson DeVry University Professor Kevin Muir DeVry University June 22nd, 2014 World War I 1914-1918 will be dates forever ingrained into the history of the world. These dates bring about and highlight the human thirst for expansion, oppression, and war. These four years of time depict a flaw in human nature that goes against all common sense in the belief in peace. This is proven in the fact that humans have given identity to the event that took place as “The Great War”, a global conflict that saw the death of millions of combatants and still one of the deadliest conflicts in history. Nationalism, Imperialism, and Militarism are the forces that drove nations to this conflict, coupled with depression, oppression, and expansionism. The great economic powers of the world were assembled into two opposing alliances, one dubbed the Allies and one called the Central Powers none of which included the United States initially. World War I saw a resurgence of imperialism and this was the underlying cause and what eventually saw the United States, Japan side with its economic partners and the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria join the Central Powers. The immediate spark that lit the flames of World War I was the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria by the Yugoslav nationalist Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo (Mitrovic, 2007). Ferdinand was the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary and his death set off a diplomatic crisis as an ultimatum was delivered...
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...World Civilization II Long Term Causes of the First World War The First World War was a major battle, a great war that the world had never seen before. It was a time in which lives were lost, economies devastated and politics turned upside down; but what were the causes? There wasn’t just one simple immediate cause of the war, but several long term causes. The roots of the war included mutual defence allies and imperialism, and it was these factors that led to a destructive and fierce war. Long before the war began; countries within the continent of Europe had decided to protect themselves and therefore, signed mutual defence agreements (Kelly). These agreements not only meant that they were protected, but also that they would have to protect their allies if they were attacked. Many of these alliance agreements had been made and signed between 1879 and 1914. For example in 1879, Germany and Austria-Hungary had signed a Dual Alliance to protect them from Russia and in 1881; Austria-Hungary became an ally of Serbia, so that they could protect Serbia from Russia trying to gain control (historyonthenet.com). Other alliances included France and Russia; Britain, France and Belgium, and finally Japan and Britain. In this case it was inevitable that there would be a world war and it all began with Austria-Hungary announcing a war on Serbia. Of course Russia jumped to protect them, which led to the Germans starting a war with Russia and then France and because Germany...
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...* World War One * Assasination of Archduke Ferdinand: killed by a Serbian national. Austria and Germany declared war on Serbia. Due to various treaties, other European nations got involved into the war. Russia backed Serbia, Germany declared war on Russia. France backed Russia, so Germany declared war on France. The Germans planned to attack France, but in order to get to France they quickest route was through Belgium. Belgium was neutral in the matter, but Germany attacked them and Britain declared war on Germany. * Rise of Nationalism: was aggression of European nations against other nations within the same region. Economic and imperial competition and fear of war prompted military alliance and an arms race. This helped speed the outbreak of the war due to increased tensions. * Building of military and alliances: European nations had a mutual defense agreements that if one nation was to go into war, the nations who signed the treaty would help in the war. * Russia 1917-1941 * Germany 1933-1945 * Cold War 1945-1962 * U-2 incident: US was flying spy planes so high over the Soviet Union so that planes couldn’t be reached. One of the planes was malfunctioned or shot down during peace initiative. Pilot parachuted and was captured. * The launch of Sputnik: The launch of the first satellite and it was the Soviet Untion who won the race. The US was embarrassed when they lost the race that they devoted more money and time...
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...The first was the formation of alliance systems, which allowed for long term relationships between countries. Next was a sense of nationalism, which gave countries unity and allowed them to work together for the good of their country. Another factor was militarism and the arms race. Each country wanted to show their power through the military, even though they didn’t want to fight. Two more factors that contributed to the rise in European power include imperialism, or the belief of superiority, and Social Darwinism, which is a theory that competition between all individuals, groups, nations or ideas drives social evolution in human societies (Wikipedia). Many client-state relationships evolved in this time period, with Europe being the superior state and other nations being the subordinate clients. Because of these factors, Europe had better food distribution, advances in medicine and sanitation. Their standard of living also increased. Progress in Europe seemed inevitable; however, it was these factors that ultimately led to its downfall in the mid 20th century. The first major hit that Europe received was the “Great War” or World War I which occurred from 1914 to 1918. The causes of this war were not clear cut but they were believed to be the formation of alliances, competition, militarism and nationalism. Secret alliances developed in Europe after the Franco-Prussian War, which eventually split the continent into two hostile sides. These secret alliances led...
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...Australia's security. Australia’s security has been shaped through an alliance with the US and the collective strategy towards the war on terror. Australian security policy has been further developed following the international response after the events of September 11, 2001. The implementation of anti-terror laws provided Australian Security Agencies with extra powers need to investigate and detain those who threaten Australia, its people or interests. These Security Agencies experienced substantial budget increases to further develop capabilities in the fight against terrorism. Regional stability throughout South East Asia provides a challenge for Australian foreign security policy. Australia’s geographical proximity to Southeast means Australia has an invested interest in maintaining stability through strong ties with states such as Indonesia. This essay will critically state how the US and South East Asia have shaped Australian security with an international response against terrorism. Over the past 60 years Australia and the US have formed an alliance to combat those who pose threat to global security. The alliance was constitutionally formalized in 1951 with the signing of the ANZUS Treaty (US Department of State, 2011). The signing of the treaty binds Australia and the United States to consult on mutual threats and act upon common dangers. The agreement was drawn into effect for the first time with a global response against the terrorist actions of September 11...
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...Cold War Ideology and Policies Robert Quesada Axia College University of Phoenix HIS/212 July 11, 2010 After World War II, the two new super powers were the United States and the Soviet Union, both becoming mortal enemies. This power was not so equal though, as the United States had a booming economy and much of the Soviet Union lay in ruins. It was evident that the United States and the Soviet Union were in a struggle for power, which became known as the Cold War. The United States held control of the oil fields in the Middle East, along with the French and British, making a strong presence in the Middle East. With all this tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union the cold war was in full escalation. Stalin’s announcement that the Soviet Union would take all measure to preserve its national security and that a war was inevitable. He also announced a five year plan for economic development. The Americans took this as a threat and said his speech was a warlike pronouncement. President Truman stated “he was tired of babying the Soviets”. It was determined that the Soviets were a threat to not only the United States, but many European countries. This prompted a plan to apply diplomatic, economic, military counter pressure and blocking rising aggression. After a sever winter in Europe and the post war depression, Great Britain decided it could no longer support Greece and Turkey. Without this aid these two countries could fall victim to the Soviets. President...
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...relations and possible threat for the national security. The main aim of the present paper is to view American diplomacy in its evolution from Eisenhower’s approach to the modern diplomatic doctrine. Key words: global responsibility, supremacy, US diplomacy, the Cold War, Poland. Current Events and US Diplomacy In the history of diplomacy and political thought in general, nothing can influence objectives of the states more dynamically than changes in the international relations and progress of the process of globalisation. In this context, American diplomacy is not an exception. In the previous paper, Eisenhower’s Doctrine was analyzed by its essence and objectives in the framework of the requirements of the international relations and possible threat for the national security. The main aim of the present paper is to view American diplomacy in its evolution from Eisenhower’s approach to the modern diplomatic doctrine. In order to understand how diplomacy changed after the end of Cold war, it is essential to view how relationship with certain countries evolved. In this context, it is relevant to see how US were building relationship with Spain in the Post-Cold War era. Even before collapse of the Soviet Union, relationship...
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...Democracy Vs. Communism Following WWII Following World War II, the Western World was once again in disagreement. However, the disagreement following World War II was not based on countries, but instead on political ideologies. Democracy was supported by the West against communism which was supported by Russia and Eastern Europe. To determine the better of the two systems, the US and the USSR engaged in a 30 year, largely non-violent war to be the best. The winner would be the country to decide the political ideologies of the countries freed during World War II as well as throughout the rest of the world. The USSR emerged from World War II as a world power, and through the next three decades engaged in a battle with the Western World to spread communism, forcing eight Eastern European nations as well as other Asian and Middle-Eastern countries to remain communist until the end of the century. World War II left the USSR as a world power but in a state of complete disarray, leaving the USSR to rebuild and expand their own government beliefs. During the war, the USSR faced the most civilian and military casualties out of any other nation by far. Through the course of the war, 19 million soldiers were killed, with over 5 million civilian casualties, resulting in a total loss over almost 13% of the USSR's population. An additional 5 million prisoners of war, political enemies, and people that had committed crime were in forced labor camps. They were forced to harvest natural resources...
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...World War I or as some call it The Great War, originated between European countries, but eventually nations from all over the world got involved. Although the immediate cause to the war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, there were many underlying factors that developed tension over time. This tension was between Europe countries, and it had been building up for decades through Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, and even Alliances. One of the underlying causes of the war was Nationalism, which is the love and devotion to one’s own nation. This pride that one developed for their own country resulted in them thinking that their own country was more superior to others. This feeling of Nationalism spread throughout Europe during the 19th century, and it is one of the reasons that started causing tension between these countries. Austria-Hungary in particular had various nationalities which spoke different languages. They started to lose control of their multi-ethnic empire during the Balkan crisis. In 1903, Serbia became increasingly defiant to its former protector (Austria-Hungary). Four years later, The Austrians take advantage of a revolution in Turkey, and they annexed Bosnia in hopes of getting a firmer grip on the Balkans. The annexation instead brought on a European crisis which provoked Serbian nationalists into launching a terror campaign against Austria, causing further destabilization of the area. Imperialism was another cause that contributed...
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...expense of NATO affairs. Nonetheless, he took a firm position in the fight against terrorism especially after the September 11 terror attacks in the United States. As a matter of fact, conjuring the fifth article on mutual defense was a pragmatic step in the right direction for the NATO Secretary General. The fight against terrorism received a new boost during his reign. Some of his critics believed that he could have done better in his leadership style than he portrayed while at the helm of NATO.[2] NATO involvement in Afghanistan could be deemed as one of the failures of Lord Robertson because he permitted the action. The gross humanitarian crisis created by NATO involvement could not be equated to the skewed objectives of the move. On the other hand, Lord Robertson played a crucial role in the campaigns to keep Scotland under the United Kingdom. This followed attempts by some leaders in Scotland to separate the country from the United Kingdom. In reference to Robertson, the union is important for the economic development of Scotland. It can also be recalled that the decision to avail war assets to Turkey was a crucial move when Robertson was the Secretary General of NATO. Although the move was initially meant for a good purpose, Turkey was eventually ravaged by war courtesy of the NATO decision...
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...facing communist pressures, so G.B. asked the U.S. to fill in. * As the leader of the “free world,” the U.S. must now shoulder the responsibility of supporting “freedom-loving peoples” wherever communism threatened them. * “The Truman Doctrine is the U.S. policy of CONTAINMENT.” * Because of the Truman Doctrine we might find ourselves in an array of fights. The Marshall Plan * Marshall pledged the U.S. to contribute billions of dollars to finance the economic recovery of Europe. * A policy not against any country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty, and chaos – a New Deal for Europe. * The Soviet Union refused to participate – solidifying division. * Indirect way of spreading capitalism. NATO * In that same year, the U.S. Canada, and ten western European nations est. the North Atlantic Treaty Organization pledging mutual defense against Soviet attack. * Western Alliance of Nations * Future Defense Alliance * The Soviets responded with the Warsaw Pact – a formal eastern European alliance. Chairman Mao * Communist led by Mao Zedong emerged victorious in the Chinese civil war. * Blocked from the U.N. The Korean War * Occupied by Japan during WWII, Korea had been divided in 1945. * In June 1950, the North Korean army invaded South Korea, hoping to reunify the country under communism. * Korea became the first clear test of containment. Gen. Douglas MacArthur * Launched a counter-invasion and was...
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...peaceful for the Germans than it ever was during the war for them. Some germans speak of regret that the Berlin Wall was not still standing. The allied forces divided Berlin at the end of 1945, creating a period of peace for Germany. At the end of the war Germany was split into East Germany and West Germany. The Germans surrendered on May 7, 1945. The allied forces decided that Germany had to much power. The allies decided that they could not give power back to Germany immediately, because the war might flare up again. At...
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...World War 1 On Sunday, June 28, 1914, in Sarajevo, Bosnia, an 18-year-old Serbian named GavriloPrincip, shot and killed Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife Duchess Sophie whilethey were driving in an open car. Princip belonged to a sercet terror society, called theBlack Hand, that wanted to rid Bosnia of Austrian rule and unite it with Serbia. Theassassination led to the first World War. This terrible conflict latsed over 4 years, involvedover 30 nations, and claimed more than 20,000,000 lives, both miltary and civilian. Itcost billions of dollars, destroyed Europe, crumbled empires, and sowed seeds of WorldWar 2.There were also others causes that led up to World War 1. Over time, countries in Europemade mutual defense agreements that would pull them into battle. If one country wasattacked, allied countries were bound to defend them. Before World War 1, the followingalliances existed: Russia and Serbia, Germany and Austria-Hungary (The Dual Alliance1879), France and Russia (Franco-Russian Alliance 1891), Britain and France andBelgium, and Japan and Britain. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia (July 28, 1914),Russia got involved to defend Serbia. Germany seeing Russia mobilizing, declared war on Russia (August 1, 1914). France was then drawn in against Germany and Austria-Hungary (August 3, 1914). Germany attacked France through Belgium pulling Britaininto war (August 4, 1914). This eventually split the continent into two hostile sides. TheCentral Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary...
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...Download0Go BackCommentLinkEmbedReadcastTweet World War 1 On Sunday, June 28, 1914, in Sarajevo, Bosnia, an 18-year-old Serbian named Gavrilo Princip, shot and killed Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife Duchess Sophie while they were driving in an open car. Princip belonged to a sercet terror society, called the Black Hand, that wanted to rid Bosnia of Austrian rule and unite it with Serbia. The assassination led to the first World War. This terrible conflict latsed over 4 years, involved over 30 nations, and claimed more than 20,000,000 lives, both miltary and civilian. It cost billions of dollars, destroyed Europe, crumbled empires, and sowed seeds of World War 2. There were also others causes that led up to World War 1. Over time, countries in Europe made mutual defense agreements that would pull them into battle. If one country was attacked, allied countries were bound to defend them. Before World War 1, the following alliances existed: Russia and Serbia, Germany and Austria-Hungary (The Dual Alliance 1879), France and Russia (Franco-Russian Alliance 1891), Britain and France and Belgium, and Japan and Britain. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia (July 28, 1914), Russia got involved to defend Serbia. Germany seeing Russia mobilizing, declared war on Russia (August 1, 1914). France was then drawn in against Germany and AustriaHungary (August 3, 1914). Germany attacked France through Belgium pulling Britain into war (August 4, 1914). This eventually split the continent...
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