...Vision……………………………………………………………………………………...6 Values……………………………………………………………………………………..6 Needs Assessment design, Implementation and Analysis………………………………...7 Needs Assessment Design…………………………………………………………………7 Needs Assessment Method………………………………………………………………..9 Analysis of Data…………………………………………………………………………...9 Training intervention………………………………………………………………………12 Training plan……………………………………………………………………………….12 Return on Investment and Cost-Benefit Analysis…………………………………………14 Return on Investment Analysis…………………………………………………………….15 Cost Benefit Analysis………………………………………………………………………16 Training evaluation Plan…………………………………………………………………….17 Before Training……………………………………………………………………………...17 After Training……………………………………………………………………………….18 Recommendations…………………………………………………………………………..18 References…………………………………………………………………………………..20 Appendix A…………………………………………………………………………………21 Appendix B………………………………………………………………………………….23 Executive Summary This proposed document for Christopher house training report consist of a two-day training session with a total of 6 hours. The training program designed was onsite type of training. The ROI and CBA for the training showed the training program was a good investment. The total cost of training was $2206, and the cost benefit analysis for 10 families (investors) totaled $7000....
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...------------------------------------------------- Cost Benefit Analysis [ECON 453] ------------------------------------------------- Assignment II Aditya Gurung Dr. T.M. Horbulyk April 2, 2012 1. Based on the article, describe as best you can: (i) The reference group for the cost benefit analysis Reference group for the cost benefit analysis (CBA) refers to the set of persons whose gains and losses are to be included as directly relevant to the project decision-making process. It is a sub set of people who will be benefited or affected by the implementation of the project. In the case of Bolu Mountain Tunnel project, the set of people who will directly benefit from the implementation of the project are the people who can now avoid traveling by Bolu Mountain Passage (D100 highway) as they can get to there destination by traveling through the tunnel in much safer conditions along with reduced travel time. (ii) The purpose of the study The purpose of any social CBA is to examine and assess whether or not the social benefits of the proposed policy or project outweigh its social cost. By doing so, it can assist decision-making by facilitating the allocation of resources to their most valuable application. In the case of given article, the purpose of the study is to conduct the CBA of the Bolu Mountain Tunnel Project and examine if the project is worth to be implemented. (iii) The estimated project life over which the project is evaluated The estimated project life...
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...Case: The Ford Pinto 1.) In my judgment, I feel that the management of Ford Company should be held morally responsible for Mrs. Gray’s death and Richard Grimshaw’s injuries. This is because Ford Company put the Pinto on the market to be sold. In that case, the managers were aware of the risk factors if indeed these cars did sale. Certainly, I do feel the Ford Company as a whole, should be held legally liable for the death of Mrs. Gray and the injuries of Richard Grimshaw. I strongly believe this because in the case it states, “Although the normal preproduction testing and development of an automobile takes about forty-three months, Iacocca managed to bring the Pinto to the production stage in a little over two years”. This simply shows the Pinto was clearly not ready to be on the market. The internal memos even showed that Ford crashed-tested early models of the Pinto before the production. The Pinto was tested over forty times and each test unfortunately results in a ruptured fuel tank. Since the crash tests models did not succeed, I do not understand why the Pinto was placed on the market. The management was unwilling to pay the minimal expense to redesign the vehicles. In that case according to the cost benefit analysis, it is morally wrong of them because they found it out to be cheaper to pay the lawsuits off from the deaths rather than paying for the safety makeover of the cars. The management of Ford was indeed forgetting about the life of a human and worrying about...
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...Questionable cost-benefit analysis by Ford In 1968, Lee Iacocca, president of Ford Motor Co., faced fear of losing market share in subcompact auto market by German Auto, Volkswagen. Although the automobile preproduction process usually takes three and a half years, Ford made it within two years from designing phase to releasing to the market. Market seemed to be impressed by Ford, but it did not go last that long. Pinto had a critical problem that its fuel tank cannot withstand any rear-impact over 20mph speed. The fuel tank would rupture and cause fire. Moreover, Ford’s directors and their engineers already realized this issue and the potential number of people would die from fires due to Pinto’s defective design. There were remedies for Ford that they can either give up some trunk space or increase cost by putting rubber bladder for protection. However, Ford chose neither of options, rather they analyzed the cost of settlements potentially be incurred by car accidents and decided to stick with the original design as a result of profit maximization in that way. Within seven years since Pinto had been released, over 500 deaths and indeterminate numbers of injuries were caused by Pinto crashes and majority of those killed had no other injuries, meaning they burned to death. How much worth one’s life be valued in terms of dollar amount? How much is enough to pay for victim’s pain and suffering? How can you predict the number of people will die or get injured through newly introduced...
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...goes with it. There's plenty of other useful material on this site - case studies, handouts, powerpoints and summaries, and also I have written a number of books including best-selling revision guides and a useful book on 'How to Write Philosophy Essays". Click here for details. If you're worried about exams you might at least print out my strengths and weaknesses summaries under each moral theory. I deliberately quote only from my five favourite ethics books, click here to find out which they are - because you might like to buy one of them to supplement your study. Of course, it's important to quote the philosophers themselves in their own words - see my handouts, or for what academics say about them - see the key quotes section under the topic area of each moral theory. And if you'd like to blog on anything in the news send it to me - I'd be delighted to read it and - if it fulfils the criterion of good ethical thinking (!), post it!!!!! Utilitarianism is a normative, consequentialist, empirical philosophy which links the idea of a good action to one which promotes maximum pleasure or happiness, found by adding up costs and benefits (or pains and pleasures). It has two classic formulations - Bentham's hedonistic (pleasure-based) act utilitarianism and Mill's eudaimonistic (happiness-based) rule utilitarianism. In this article we make some preliminary comments on Bentham and Mill before analysing a famous case in 1972 where utilitarian ethics seemed to cause a very immoral...
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...the selection process you would use to make the most cost effective and employee friendly decision. I would use to make the most cost effective and employee friendly decision depends upon how these benefits are best for their situations. Being able to design and administer a benefits program requires knowledge of many laws and an understanding of the field of insurance. Controlling costs of benefits takes a constant monitoring of the insurance plans that form the core of the benefits program. Two methods of dealing with administrative costs are to search for alternative funding methods and to develop a system of competitive bidding that ensures that the organization is using the best and most cost effective insurance plans. The employee benefit plan includes the different types of health insurance which can pick from and would be best for their situation. (Bridgeford 2088) This approach, however, can negatively affect both recruitment and retention. A more viable approach is to offer benefits that are less costly, but equally desirable. Companies can continue to offer attractive benefits by implementing some of the cost-containment strategies. Many organizations implement utilization review programs in order to cut health care costs by ensuring that each medical treatment is necessary before authorizing payment, and ensuring that the medical services have been rendered appropriately at a reasonable cost. These programs require...
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...Project Scope Statement Version My signature indicates approval of this Project Scope Statement. Approved by: Agency CFO Approved by: Agency CIO Approved by: Project Sponsor Approved by: Project Manager Approved by: Executive Sponsor Table of Contents 1 Purpose/Justification 4 2 Objectives 4 3 Scope Description 4 4 Functional and Technical Requirements 5 4.1 Functional Requirements 5 4.2 Technical Requirements 5 5 Boundaries 5 6 Data Migration Strategy 6 7 Deliverables 6 8 Acceptance Criteria 6 9 Constraints 7 10 Assumptions 7 11 Alternatives analysis 7 11.1 Evaluation Criteria 7 11.2 Alternative Descriptions 7 11.3 Alternative Evaluation 8 11.4 Recommendation 8 12 Cost Estimates 8 13 cost-benefit analysis 9 13.1 Cost Analysis 9 13.2 Benefit Analysis 10 13.3 Comparison of Costs and Benefits 14 14 Risks 15 15 Fund LImitations 16 16 Standards 16 Revision History |Date |Version |Description |Author | | | | | | | | | | | 0. Purpose/Justification Any work not explicitly included in the Project...
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...Description: Look around you. Is there anything which you see which seems like a riddle but when looked at with the lens of costs and benefits makes sense? List one such example. This example is from personal experience. I have recently changed my job. The day before joining I bought a branded hand bag for say price X knowing very well that the end of season sale was likely to start in the next fifteen days. I was also aware from past experience that I would easily get a discount of 25% on waiting till that period. I went ahead and bought it in spite of a nudging feeling of making an irrational purchase and having indulged myself. Now in the light of cost benefit analysis my decision appears rational as at that time I had not considered the benefits drawn on purchasing: 1. My old hand bag had worn out and I was uncomfortable in carrying it to the new workplace. With the new bag I felt more confident and positively disposed for the new assignment. Changing jobs is a big step and there is an underlying concern about being able to adjust to the new environment and culture. Not that the bag would help me adjust but psychologically I felt more confident. 2. I had been exploring the markets for a suitable hand bag for a long time as mentioned above the old one had worn out. At the time of purchase I had liked the handbag in the first look itself. I did not want to wait till the end of season sale for two reasons. First as I was taking up a new job and I knew I will have to run...
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...Ford’s Fault How can you place a value on a person’s life? This is exactly what the Ford Motor Company did when assessing the cost vs. the benefits concerning their faulty production of the Ford Pinto. It had been found that the fuel bladder was not installed in the correct place so that when this vehicle was struck from behind it caused leakage. This leakage could then result in the car combusting and causing harm and in worse case scenarios death. This “ glitch” was something that the company was well aware of before the car actually went into production. Many safety tests were performed, and the car failed to meet the safety and quality standards that were set by the NHTSA. Yet, despite the results millions of vehicles were produced and sold to the public. It was found in their cost/benefit analysis that the costs of correcting the problem for all of the vehicles in production would be $137.5 million vs. the “benefit”, which is death and injury, which would “only” be $49.5 million. How can they see the death and harm of people as a benefit? This is a thoroughly consequentialist view point. In their mind the end result of making the adjustments would cause more harm to the company (i.e. higher costs) than risking just a few lives. I do not agree with this assessment. I believe that we cannot place a price on a person’s life. I stand by my argument that if you know something will cause harm, especially death, to another person and it is in your power to prevent this...
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...CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION - Definition of coaching - Definition of mentoring - Application Part A) Identify the process steps need to be taken to assess the learning needs of the organisation * Step 1: Perform needs analysis * Needs Assessments * 1) Organisation Analysis * 2) Task Analysis * 3) Individual Analysis * Step 2: Identify priorities and important * Step 3: Design Phase of training and development * Step 4: Implementation * Summary Part B) Identify and compare the costs and benefits that introducing a coaching system would involve * Cost * Benefits * Benefit 1: Recruitment and retention * Benefit 2: Continue Learning * Benefit 3: Several Skill Acquisition Part C) Identify KPIs that they should expect to achieve through the implementation process Part D) Identify the key stakeholders that will need to be involved in the process and how their support can be built. Part E) Case Study Example – ASDA Recommendations and conclusion EXECUTIVE SUMMARY High performance and contemporary company need to acquire a much broader set of skills if they are to survive in the world of modern business. The pace of change is unpredictable fast, partly driven by the advances in information technology and the pervading influence of globalisation – has become relentless. The complexity of work has increased while career paths have become less obvious due to the flattening...
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...About my in-class writing submission in week 2 tutorial about my understanding of the need of engage in responsible commerce, it is just a superficial discussion. At that time I did not thinking about this topic systematically. In that article, I only talk about the importance of responsible commerce like how necessary of responsible commerce and what consequences it can be brought if there is not responsible commerce. To my mind, ‘responsible commerce’ refers to the corporation preventing and solving long term issues to maximize the benefits of the shareholders and stakeholders which compliance with the spirit of the law, ethical standards and international norms. But during the study of COMM101, I found that the principles of responsible commerce are really important for the development of our society, both in economic and culture areas. With the development of globalization, the competition among industries becomes more and more fierce. How to earn more profits with much lower operational cost has become every company's concern and pursuit. Unfortunately, in order to reach their profitable goal, many companies adopt illegal and immoral methods to conquer the market and maintain their market share. However, their improper market behavior is devastating to both the market and the enterprises themselves. On the one hand, their immoral market activity may break the market rules and regulation, which in turn disrupt the normal running of this industry and threaten the operation...
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...been the usual. Ford motor company completed the task. At the time there was not a standard from the national highway traffic safety committee as to a rear-end impact, that requirement was not in place until after production. I find Ford was not acting un-ethical in the design and production of the vehicle. The un-ethical part of the event started at the point when the rear-impact test was performed and it was found that the pinto was not up to par. Ford was on the correct path as to the testing of the pinto. There will always be a new regulation in any process of production. Any company has an ethical and moral obligation to meet or want to exceed regulations as to quality of a product. Understanding there will be a cost analyst as to procedures in production, cost of materials and life expectancy of the “product”. Further explanation here as to procedures the production of the product may need to be weighed as to the best economical or the requirements of inspection points during the process, next the needed quality of materials as if to manufacture a dish with a non-toxic finish for food use. And the most confused life expectancy of the product, whether it be a car or a prosthetic hip joint. In an article from NBCNEWS Herb Weisbaun found that consumer reports said the average life expectancy of a vehicle is about eight years or 150 thousand miles. Now for that hip joint grandma just had installed the AAHKS says it should last about 15 to 20 years. I have explained this as...
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...Image creation-BP is in the mature stage of its life cycle, has been involved in multiple mishaps over the years. They have lost focus of their duty to the environment, the public, and its shareholders. 1) SWOT analysis Strengths-they have alot of money that can be reinvested in enhancing/repairing their image and focusing on the environment, their connections (with the British government and Navy), alternative energy (wind, solar, biofuels), infrastructure, carbon footprint toolkit, they were the first energy company to acknowledge global warming/environmental awareness Weaknesses-image, oil spills, poor ethics (price gouging,wire/mail fraud, etc.) Opportunities-technological opportunities (alternative energies, improved drilling capabilities, jumping onto the environmentally sustainable movement-and is also a threat to their original business model) Threats-politics (policies/regulations), economics (supply and demand fluctuation, improved commodities markets), competition, natural disasters 2) Problem Analysis (this should be clear and to the point-a few sentences is all that is necessary): Their image is tarnished, so they are concentrating on rebuilding this. They started this process by changing their name from British Petroleum to simply BP (Beyond Petroleum-suggesting that they will focus their efforts on multiple energy sources). Why is their image tarnished? What led to this occurring? What measures have they taken to address this issue? 3)...
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...What Causes Crime? Crime has existed in societies across the world since the term crime has been implemented. The standard definition of crime, if one can use the term standard, is any action that is prohibited, prosecuted, and punished by criminal law. Therefore, crime cannot exist without some form of legal system to label criminal behavior. The mandatory existence of a legal system for criminal behavior to occur can be easily confused with actions that violate socially constructed norms, or deviant behaviors. It is with that premise that I propose crime is caused by a conflict of interest. This conflict of interest is not limited to the interactions between classes, groups, or individuals; the conflict of interest is intentionally vague so as to not cause further damage to criminological understanding by imposing misleading specificities. Crime is a conflict of interest between two or more variables, with at least one variable involving one or more humans. I propose crime is a conflict of interest because the term interest can encompass the two key aspects of profit and loss that is the rational basis for creating legal systems. However, as so many have noted, illegality is at the end of the day typically decided by those who create the laws rather than those most affected by the laws. Conflicts occur when there lacks a unanimous consensus among all parties considered in a given situation. When countries consist of millions of people, one can note how even the most...
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...to use it without informing the dangerous of the products to the public. In addition, lobbying the NHTSA to delay the safety measure of the products is also one of the moral issues that Ford Pinto case raises. (53 words) 2. Suppose Ford officials were asked to justify their decision. What moral principles do you think they would invoke? Assess Ford’s handling of the Pinto from the perspective of each of the moral theories discussed in this chapter. The theory of egoism is most suitable to describe the Ford Pinto case. Ford is doing things that benefit the organization itself. In addition, Ford only considered the short term benefits and neglected the long term interests of the organization itself. The handling of the Pinto from the perspective of each of the moral theories is as following. Act utilitarianism says that Ford did not produce the greatest possible balance of cost-benefit calculation for everyone affected. According to the Kant’s categorical imperatives, Ford should not place a monetary value on a human life. Based on W.D.Ross’s 7 basic Prima Facie Duties, Ford failed to apply the duties of nonmalefience because they did not produce safe cars. Lastly, Ford is unethical when applying the ethic of caring. Ford not only produced dangerous products, they also hide the truth of the defective Pinto from the customers. (144 words) 3. Utilitarians would say that jeopardising motorists does not by itself make...
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