...the difference between what Williams calls internal reasons and external reasons. Do you agree with Williams that there is no such thing as an external reason? Bernard Williams Started a long running well spoken about debate, about the nature of reasons in his seminal paper 'Internal and External Reasons' (Williams 1980) and the following publication 'Internal Reasons and the Obscurity of Blame' (Williams 1989). Williams famously argued that all reasons behind our actions are internal, and further proclaimed that there are no external reasons, which is in direct contrast with internal reasons as he has defined them in his literature. On close examination, his external reason claims turn out to be disguised claims about what would be good for someone to do, not claims about what they have reason to do. I will be describing Internal and External reasons according to Williams and discuss the merits of his claims and my beliefs towards them I have based my arguments on Goldsteins work as it a far more complete argument and analysis of internal and external reasons. Williams has defined two sets of reasoning which are in the world and that we can experience, one is an internal reason and the other being an external reason. He describes an internal reason as something that one has in light of one's own "subjective motivational set"- one's own commitments, desires (or wants) and goals Opposite to this is an external reason, which is one that which occurs independently of one's...
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... Iven Garcia GUST 1270 Professor Adams 30 November 2009 The career that I have literally chosen is the automotive service technician and mechanics career. The reason why I chose this career it’s because… Well actually I have plenty and many reasons to choose from because I am very passionate about this career and I have lived through it my entire life. One reason is that Auto Mechanics is because to me it’s an interesting field to me. I decided to explore the topic a little more to get a better understanding of what it would take to become a successful automotive technician . I have lived through the auto mechanics field pretty much all through my life. Well actually since I have been born. The reason of this is very simple. That is because my very own dad is an auto mechanic himself. Well actually to be more exact, he owns his own auto mechanic shop. Since I was little I have always helped him at his work because I have always enjoyed working with vehicles. Since the very first day that I started working with him I already knew that the automotive field was the job for me. Since I was a baby my very own parents use to tell me that I would disappear out of their sight. And when they used to find me I used to be playing with the tools besides my dad helping him out. I have pretty much made my mind up about actually going further in this career. Not only because I actually enjoy doing that job but also because of the pay check that you receive. Well actually that...
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...But in our daily lives we also have beliefs that we except because of our innate ability to reason. Because of this I agree with recent philosophers when they say that knowledge is “justified true belief.” (Solomon & Higgins, 2010) The Love We Share We all share our love with family members or our spouses. Some people even share their love with their pets. Is it returned? I feel it is. As a child I felt that love came from my mother. It was a love that was always there no matter what I did. I just knew she cared whether I understood why she did or not. But as I grew I began to feel what the depth of her love meant to me. She was always there when I needed her to be. She helped me through the hard times as well as the good ones. All I had to do was to ask and she would do what she could. For this I feel her love was unconditional. It was not until she became sick with cancer that I realized what her love really was to me. Because even being sick it did not change. She was still willing to give to me what she could. For all my life I have loved this woman and she me. With the thought of her sickness possibly taking her from me, I began to weigh what I might lose. The Reasons We Share The thought of my mother leaving me made me wonder if our love would continue. The more I thought about it the more I knew our love for one another would always be there. My love for her I realized would never end and it was then I realized also that she would always...
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...I love to eat rich desserts. I love to eat sweet, salty, sour & sticky chocolate bars its like a party on my mouth. 1. Francine enjoys various winter activities. Francine enjoys various activities like ice skating, skiing, sledding and built bonfires while eating some smores with her friends. 2. I like thinking about things. I like thinking about things from small to large details in my upcoming wedding events. 3. The lunch was good (Describe the types of food.) I had fish, vegetable and fruits for my lunch today, it was good. It was perfect for my healthy diet. I find English to be difficult ( a, b, c, = reasons ) a. English is my second language. b. It’s takes time to determine grammar errors. c. It’s a complicated language in generals. One day I hope to have rewarding career. a. To be able to help and ease the pain of an ill patient. b. I will have opportunity to travel abroad. c. Raise my own family and sustain their basic needs. Organized sports teach competition. a. It creates drive individual may used for future success. b. The importance of working as a team in achieving goals. c. Camaraderie among the team. i Write a point and support that point with reasons. At least three points are expected. What are the struggles of an individual in learning new language. a. Individual become dependent on their native language. b. Foreign...
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...Immersion Project Pre-event: I selected for my immersion project to visit two halfway homes that provide services to persons suffering from the disease of addiction. In reflecting on this choice it will allow me to experience a culture within my chosen field of practice. The first location I selected was a halfway house that was local and follows a typical model of addiction halfway house. The second location that was selected was in Wilmington North Carolina. I selected this location for two reasons. The first reason was that it was going to be necessary for me to complete part of the project while on vacation and the location was in the area I would be staying in. The second reason was that it was a Christian based recovery house. I felt that this would give me a wider and more diverse experience. Once the two locations were selected I made initial contact with the directors of the respective location and scheduled appointments. Prior to my experience I did research on addiction, homelessness, and halfway houses. I was able to find peer reviewed research which provided me with some basic knowledge of stigma associated with these type of facilities. My research also provided me with some statistical facts supporting the need and advantages of having and supporting halfway houses. I was expecting to see a diverse population within the houses. I expected different ethnic, racial and religious differences. I was of the belief that the living conditions would...
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...Ilona Apelsinov September 13th, 2015 Weekly essay #1 What is the point of music? Why do people listen to music and often tend to not understand what the lyrics are? Why do we like to listen to something we don't understand or is not inspirational? There are people in this world that like some songs for no apparent reason either because the beat is catchy or just because everyone likes it. Philosophically it is not possible to like a song for no reason because there is always a reason for our actions. For something not to have a reason, it is an action without thought. But since liking something has an idea behind it, it is impossible to like something without reasons. When you like something, it is like an emotion because emotions are caused by reasons. Everyone has reasons for liking songs, some are fond of their likings and some are not. That is why some people admit to liking the songs they listen to and some just keep it to themselves. Therefore, liking something for no reason is impossible. From my experience, I tend to listen to the songs that sound catchy. I have many reasons why I like the songs that I listen to because they are either catchy, have significant lyrics that have meanings behind them or because the words that are being sung in the song connects with the situations that I might be dealing with. People use some songs to express their emotions when they can't explain it by using their own words. For example, the song "Trap Queen"...
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...outcomes. Many have debated whether fate or free will was the reason behind the outcomes. There are times when situations arise that one might not be able to express their free will due to constraints placed by society. This can cause conflicting feelings and one must evaluate how to resolve the situation and the conflicts of feeling to reach an acceptable outcome. Years ago when my oldest child was in second grade we had a very serious issue dealing with racism at his school with another little boy towards him. Initially I encourage him to do all the socially acceptable things such as ignoring the comments from this little boy, reporting it to a teacher, and speaking to his counselor. I also followed up with talking to the teacher and counselor. The problem continued to persist and my son was very upset and uncomfortable by it. I requested to know who the other child’s parents where so that I may possibly speak to them and try to reach a resolution of some sorts. The school would not provide me the information I needed to do so, instead stating that they would continue to try to fix the situation. I feel that by not allowing me the opportunity to address the situation personally the school denied me the ability to express any preferable outcomes for resolving the situation, as well as kept me from protecting my child from the racial harassment. Also I feel I was denied the opportunity to express how the situation affected my son and me. Furthermore, the issues continued to persist...
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...for half the cost. I think another company may dislodge me with an improved taste and more pleasant appearance for the same cost. Argon Oil Shampoo/Conditioner- I love this product because it adds shine and restores hydration to my damaged hair. I stick to this product because I have tried multiple shampoos/conditioners and they don’t leave my hair as healthy. Other products usually leave it dry and don’t aid my damaged hair. In order for me to be dislodge the product would have to off the same services for a lower cost. Equate- This a product by Walmart which provides customers a lower cost for high quality products. For instance they have and Equate pad for woman that if compared to “always” it is equivalent for a lower cost with more product. In order to dislodge from this brand I think the appearance of the box would have to be more private so when I am shopping people will not be able to clearly see they are pads. Of course, for a reasonable price. 4. Brainstorm a list of industries that the Internet has transformed. What are the reasons behind the changes? How do you anticipate that technology will transform business in the future? Movie- The reason behind this change is the convenience of watching a movie from home. You will not have to drive far, or spend money on high priced...
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...There are so many wonderful reasons why someone chooses to become part of the helping field. For me, it’s because I have a big heart and helping others bring me joy. I love helping others. I have no clue where it came from. I was born to druggies and became a mom at two years of age to my brothers and sisters. So taking care of others is all I have ever known. I tried twice to leave this field and I ended up getting injured. Helping others is what I do best and it is what I love, it’s who I am. My peers also choose the helping field for reason of their unique own. Jason Hudson has a lot to bring to the human service field with his background, his medical background (from the Army) can help him better understands a person’s needs and wants. Jason chooses to leave the medical field and switch to human service due to getting burnt out. Jason can also relate to those who need help from human services because in his past. There was a time in his life where he needed help. Having had help in the past, Jason is able to see the flaws in this field and can better help others void the hassle when getting services. Nicole Brandenburg chose the human service field because it is something she is passionate, energetic and empathic to those who really need help. She has a caring heart. It also brings her great excitement to help others. Jennifer chooses the helping field because she has been threw and experiences a lot in her life time and she wants to give back to others who have...
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...That which is accepted as knowledge today is sometimes discarded tomorrow”. Consider knowledge issues raised by this statement in two areas of knowledge. School Name: The International School Candidate Name: Muhammad Jamal Teacher Name: Syeda Sobia Haleem Candidate Code: 001307-0019 Session: 2012-2014 Word Count: 1234 “That which is accepted as knowledge today is sometimes discarded tomorrow”. Consider knowledge issues raised by this statement in two areas of knowledge. If today, someone came up and said that the universe is motionless, he would be considered a lunatic. But in 1917, it was a common phenomenon widely believed that the universe was static. Until Einstein presented his theory and explained how the solar system worked. This example raises a knowledge issue: “Can we say that the knowledge attained through reasoning and perception is immutable”? Because the aforementioned example completely refuted this idea. What is knowledge? Knowledge is a combination of random information. This is systematically arranged through different ways of knowing specially reasoning and perception. Knowledge is classified as a factual belief. It is indispensable that the statement is considered to be true by all- which is objectivity. Having said that, we cannot ignore the role of Subjectivity in the formation of knowledge. After taking the limitations of ways of knowing...
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...and clear appointment, an undoubted right to dominion and sovereignty. Sec. 5. This equality of men by nature, the judicious Hooker looks upon as so evident in itself, and beyond all question, that he makes it the foundation of that obligation to mutual love amongst men, on which he builds the duties they owe one another, and from whence he derives the great maxims of justice and charity. His words are, "The like natural inducement hath brought men to know that it is no less their duty, to love others than themselves; for seeing those things which are equal, must needs all have one measure; if I cannot but wish to receive good, even as much at every man's hands, as any man can wish unto his own soul, how should I look to have any part of my desire herein satisfied, unless myself be careful to satisfy the like desire, which is undoubtedly in other men, being of one and the same nature? To have any thing offered them repugnant to this desire, must needs in all respects...
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...happen. But I feel that I have to at least attempt it. Which ties into my core value result that is balancing between others and myself. Most of time I am the one that people will vent to whether it’s family, friends or co-workers, because I will listen and not judge them on what they have to say. Which is also listed in my core value result, that I am ‘’tempered by rationality, using reason to find the rules of life.’’ The Blind Spot was one the results that I have mixed emotions about; there are parts I agree and parts I disagree. My expectations of people are pretty clear and cut, I expect that you do your job to the best of your ability. I am someone who will not ask you to do something that I myself would not do. The blind Spot stated that I ‘’forget that individuals are fallible regardless of their role.’’ I know individuals are fallible just not on a constant basis. After this exercise it has brought forth some things for me to think about, especially a statement that was listed in My Risks, ‘’This can make you susceptible to insincere flattery and immune to constructive critiques preventing you from doing your job effectively.’’ Maybe I need to sit back and evaluate the things that people are coming to me to vent about. Especially with my co-workers, maybe I need to stop and think, ‘’What are they really saying? Could this be about me?’’ All in all after participating in this exercise it has revealed my strengths and weaknesses that I was unaware of. One of the strengths...
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...behind all these academical scrambles. In most of the situations graduated persons doesn’t follow their way to a job. In general, numbers of determined people to supplement their academic life is one in million, isn’t it? Let’s ask you? How many of you have a sublime target of choosing this major? Or how many of you believe in reaching your aim? Your answers might be as same as mine. Now let’s describe the topic more with three reasons. First reason of registering university in our country is having a high social level, in my book. And one of the points which provides us this high level is college degree. Of course in new lifestyle of us. You might have heard that “ if you don’t go to the university, in the future how would you head off with your children. “ or for instance, narrations like these “ all of your contemporaries will have literate and grave characteristics in society, so, if you don’t study, you wouldn’t have that much social value. “ Some rivalries like these cases are the reason for part of people to getting college degree. Another reason is some needs like needs to have job, needs to have knowledge, etc… . For example, some youths need to make a job and there is no better way than choosing university for them. Another example could be communication needs , for instance, in majors related to English, participants may have some needs to know an international language to make a connection with other cultures and places. And that’s a good choice for travel addicts...
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...Give reasons why Kayerts killed himself and prove them with the text. There are several reasons why Kayerts hangs himself at the end of the story. Previously, he shoots Carlier accidentally after they have been arguing about the sugar. Kayerts feels deadly sick (p.33, l.64) shortly after killing his assistant and only friend at the trading station. Afterwards, Makola appears and talks with Kayerts. Makola arrives at the conclusion that Carlier “died of fever” (p.34, l.21) and Kayerts just remains silent. Kayerts could have killed himself because he feels alone, which becomes most obvious on page 34, ll. 26-28. His only ‘friend’ he could talk to is dead. Moreover, he shot an unarmed partner and could be afraid of being arrested. (which is not in the text…) He lost his friend and partner and can’t continue life without him. Besides, he feels guilty because he accepted the selling of the slaves, which is – of course – forbidden. (p.25, ll. 55-64) This could be one reason, why Kayerts didn’t see another possibility to get rid of all his problems than hanging himself. Another significant point is his daughter Melie. He cannot come across Melie because he would disappoint her by his own failure. Furthermore, Kayerts seems to understand that colonialism is all about exploitation (p. 36, ll. 3-7; p.34, ll.37-2) Makola had said that “Carlier died of fever”, which was a lie. Kayerts does not want to lie. He cannot live with this lie because of his bad conscience. This despair...
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...the human. This essay will mainly present the reasons of overpopulation, then discuss some effective solution. The most fundamental reason is that the decline in death rate. On the one hand, people currently put more attention on their health. For example, people could know knowledge of health from website, then buy useful food or their body. Therefore, more people will become longevous. On the other hand, with the development of medical and technology, the disease can not easily kill people. At the same time, there are more equipments at hospital for healing patients’ disease. As a result, the number of people who are longevous will increase a lot. Second reason is that there are a big amount people who have little knowledge about the harm of overpopulation. Some of them married when they are at a young age. Due to this, they may producing more babies. In addition, some people have incorrect knowledge of sex. It will also increase the chance of having a baby. In my opinion, one effective solution is that government release some policy to avoid people married too early. Government could also avoid people have their second baby by charge them a big amount tax. However, it is not enough that government only release some policies, they should also improve citizens’ awareness of avoiding overpopulation. School should teach students the disadvantage of overpopulation and basic knowledge of sex. In conclusion, the main reason of overpopulation is the increasing death rate...
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