...Manifest Destiny is a strong platform that helped Americans build up their national spirit and the idea of unity as well as set ground for economic development. However, used under this pretext, it clearly stood for territorial pretentions of the USA within the continent. Civil Rights Act of 1875 is a piece of legislature that guaranteed America’s steady direction for racial equality and freedom of every citizen regardless of their skin color. With equal rights to public access, the idea was aimed at promoting racial tolerance and respect. Samuel J. Tilden is a good example of the person who can sacrifice his ambitions for the greater good. Adhering to authoritative decisions that contradicted the way circumstances favored him, Tilden proves...
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...settlers and the native people of America have contributed a good collection of books which constitute the body of American Literature. Any book written will register the life style of people, their food habits, culture, beliefs, system of education followed, the nature of children and their history. The books written by the writers from the United States of America have registered the expectations, hopes, future predictions along with warnings their fear for degeneration of moralities and the impacts of Industrial revolutions. American Literature was acutely carved by the history of the United Nations of America. In the beginning after a great revolution for more than a century and half America became the United States. Though at first...
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...1.The Change from English to American When the American Revolution started in 1775, around two and a half million people lived in the thirteen colonies. The vast majority had emigrated from England or were descendants of English settlers. Most called themselves English and still felt a strong bondwith the customs and traditions of their faraway homeland. When war erupted, this connection was put to the test. Many saw the colonists’ reasoning behind their revolt but could not bring themselves to lift a hand against mother England; therefore, they tried to remain neutral. Others were so fiercely devoted to England that they instead formed loyalist groups that aided the English military forces. 2 Before the revolution, there was one major difference between an Englishman in England and one in America. Men with property in England had the right to vote for representatives in Parliament. Their grievances were heard, and they had the power to effect changes. This was not so in America as the American colonies lacked representatives in Parliament. The colonists had their own legislatures as well as some measure of autonomy, but even this power was subject both to British law and the rule of a local British governor. Thus men who considered themselves Englishmen in America were treated as American colonists by their counterparts in England. Many American colonists were of the opinion that they possessed rights beyond what their supposed rulers in England were willing to grant them...
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...1. Literature of the 17th century. John Milton. “Paradise Lost”. John Bunyan. “Pilgrim’s Progress”. The peculiarities of the English literature of the 17th century are determined by the events of the Engl. Bourgeois Revolution, which took place in 1640-60. King Charles I was beheaded in 1649& General Oliver Cromwell became the leader of the new government. In 1660, shortly after Cro-ll’s death, the dynasty of the Stuarts was restored. The establishment of new social&eco-ic relations, the change from feudal to bourgeois ownership, escalating class-struggle, liberation movement and contradictions of the bourgeois society found their reflection in lit-re. The main representatives of this period is: John Milton: was born in London&educated at Christ’s College. He lived a pure life believing that he had a great purpose to complete. At college he was known as the The Lady of Christ’s. he Got master’s degree at Cambridge. It’s convenient to consider his works in 3 divisions. At first he wrote his short poems at Horton. (The Passion, Song on May Morning, L’Allegro). Then he wrote mainly prose. His 3 greatest poems belong to his last group. At the age of 23 he had still done little in life&he admits this in one of his sonnets. (On his 23d B-day) In his another sonnet he wrote on his own blindness. (On his Blindness) Milton wrote diff. kinds of works. His prose works were mainly concerned with church, affairs, divorce & freedom. The English civil war between Charles...
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...Romanticism (literature), a movement in the literature of virtually every country of Europe, the United States, and Latin America that lasted from about 1750 to about 1870, characterized by reliance on the imagination and subjectivity of approach, freedom of thought and expression, and an idealization of nature. The term romantic first appeared in 18th-century English and originally meant “romancelike”—that is, resembling the fanciful character of medieval romances. II ORIGINS AND INSPIRATION By the late 18th century in France and Germany, literary taste began to turn from classical and neoclassical conventions (see Classic, Classical, and Classicism). Inspiration for the romantic approach initially came from two great shapers of thought, French philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau and German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. A The Romantic Spirit Rousseau established the cult of the individual and championed the freedom of the human spirit; his famous announcement was “I felt before I thought.” Goethe and his compatriots, philosopher and critic Johann Gottfried von Herder and historian Justus Möser, provided more formal precepts and collaborated on a group of essays entitled Von deutscher Art und Kunst (Of German Style and Art, 1773). In this work the authors extolled the romantic spirit as manifested in German folk songs, Gothic architecture, and the plays of English playwright William Shakespeare. Goethe sought to imitate Shakespeare's free and untrammeled style...
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...NORTH AMERICAN FICTION BRIEF INTRODUCTION: Before starting our study of American Fiction we must understand what American Literature is in itself and which pieces of writing we can include within this label. It is believed that when a piece is written in North America, more precisely in the USA, it would automatically be given this epithet. But it should be taken into account that this idea is quite broad and doesn’t reflect the real essence of the term. However, there is also another definition that gathers this essence: American Literature is the one that represents the Americanism, the singularity of the USA philosophy and culture. This way, instead of focusing on who the author is, it is focused on the content of the writing. In that which concerns Fiction, the following documents are the ones considered as narrative: Speeches Letters Short Stories Essays Political Documents Sermons Novels Diaries 1 FIRST LITERARY EXPRESSIONS The first documents in which the idea of Americanism is very present are the Sermons. They respond to the strict Protestantism settled in the New Continent after the arrival of the Pilgrim Fathers and Puritans in the Mayflower (1620) and the Arabella (1630). They established a theocratic community whose main and only point of reference was the Bible. That is why the idea of the ‘city upon a hill’ is still very present in American mentality. As we all know...
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...Throughout history, writers have often used their surroundings as subjects. They tend to capture the life around them and incorporate it into their work. Many authors, such as Jack London, write prolifically and never cease to depict their experiences. The Call of the Wild is an example of one of these prolific works. Jack London illustrates his life experiences and the history surrounding him in The Call of the Wild, all while using elements of realism to highlight the sense of believability. In the 1890s, the time period in which The Call of the Wild is set, many movements were were going on throughout America. The most monumental of these movements was the Gold Rush. According to Charlotte Gray, a historian about the Gold Rush, America had just survived a depression and many were rendered poor. The poor Americans went west in hopes of finding...
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...was the idea that they could become something better, that in this empty land they could carve their lives into some fantastic image in their minds. Eventually, the ability to do big things in this country warped into the expectation to do something big with one’s opportunity in America. (And by “do something big”, it is meant that it is something big on societal terms.) This is the ideal that eventually became an important part of American culture. It resulted in entire generations growing up learning to measure their lives as the distance from where they were to some far off point in the horizon where they felt they should be. The late twentieth century showed the consequences of this kind of thinking. Due to a period of rapid technological and social change, America underwent a massive transformation in lifestyle. Thus, much of what had been built became obsolete, and the generation that spent their lives trying to become something suddenly found their entire life’s work to be meaningless. This displacement of an entire generation forced Americans to question the value of all that they had done. The big question looming over them was this: if a change in lifestyle could cause everything that one had worked for to become obsolete, were the goals and ideals they strived for actually worth anything? How should they really be living? The late twentieth century...
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...On the occasion of National Hero's birth month this June, let me share with you this interesting article about the great Malayan sexuality: Was Rizal Gay? By Neil C. Garcia Sometime during the Centennial of Rizal’s martyrdom, Isagani R. Cruz, local pop-culture Provocateur and professor of literature and Philippine studies at the De La Salle University, wrote a column for the now-defunct Filmag: Filipino Magazin, shockingly titled “Bakla ba si Rizal?” (1) The answer to this question, if Cruz is to be believed, is a resounding and categorical “Yes!” And he offers what he calls “biographical evidence” in order to arrive at this question’s confidently affirmative answer. First, Rizal was a bakla because he was afraid of committing himself to the revolutionary cause. Second, Rizal’s kabaklaan made itself apparent in his periodic “failings” in his relationships with the women to whom he was supposed to have been romantically linked. Third, Rizal, unlike his compatriots, didn’t go “wenching” in the brothels of Barcelona and Madrid (at least, not very often). Fourth, Rizal might not have even been the father of Josephine’s benighted baby boy, since—paraphrasing noted Rizalist historian Ambeth Ocampo’s feelings on the matter of Rizal’s “disputable paternity”—Josephine would seem to have been routinely sexually abused and consequently impregnated by her stepfather. Of course, these four “conjectures” hardly qualify as proof. They are more likely the end-results of what I can only describe...
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...Julia A. R. Morgan History CHC 2D, Period 2 Mr. R. Tait By Julia A. R. Morgan History CHC 2D, Period 2 Mr. R. Tait By THE ART’S IN CANADA: Through the Years. THE ART’S IN CANADA: Through the Years. Table OF Contents: * (Pg. 2-3) WWI: 1914 – 1918 * Pg. 2; John McCrae * Pg. 3; Tom Thomson * (Pg. 4-5) 1920’s – 1930’s Canadian Art * Pg. 4; The Group of Seven * Pg. 5; Emily Carr * (Pg. 6) WWII: 1939 – 1945 * Molly Lamb Bobak * (Pg. 7) Post-War Canadian Art: 1945 – 1969; * The Painters Eleven * (Pg. 8-10) Modern Canadian Art: 1970’s – Current Day; * (Pg. 8) Alex Colville * (Pg. 9) Robert Bateman * (Pg. 10) Joy Kogawa * (Pg. 11) Thesis Statement Conclusion * (Pg. 12) Bibliography * (Pg. 13) Citations (Notes) A Little Introduction note from your student: http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/resdoc5e/res5e_ch10_s1-0007.html The above is the Website I used to help me a little bit with understanding Citations. (I attempted utilizing Chicago Style.) Some of the paragraphs in my report have been reworded and rephrased to my satisfaction, and others have not. These are the ones with Citation. Please enjoy; this is something I am extremely proud of: I LOVE ART! CANADIAN ART DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR: John McCrae Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae MD, Born the 30th of November, 1872 in Guelph Ontario, was a Canadian poet, physician, author, artist and soldier during WWI, and a surgeon during...
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...HISTORY OF FRANCE • 13th century Spreading the weight of vaults over a series of ribs, columns, and pilasters, Gothic architecture allows the dissolution of the wall. Windows in cathedrals and churches are filled with stained glass; the shimmering colored light transfigures the vast interiors. Depicting biblical stories, scenes from the lives of the saints, or single figures, stained-glass windows complement the sculptures on the exterior and the rites and ceremonies observed within. • 1209 The Albigensian Crusade is launched by Pope Innocent III with the help of Cistercian monks. While the original spark for this war springs from papal desire to extinguish the growing problem of heresy in the region surrounding Toulouse, the political struggle between the independent southern territories and lords from northern France, joined after 1226 by Louis VIII, plays itself out in a war. In 1229, Count Raymond VII of Toulouse, who had been Louis VIII's main adversary, is compelled to cede territory to the king's control. • ca. 1210–1250 Artists at Chartres install an elaborate and extensive program of stained-glass windows in the cathedral under construction there. In addition to religious and historical subjects, the intensely colored windows depict numerous scenes of tradespeople at work, including bakers, furriers, wheelwrights, and weavers. These tradespeople were likely contributors—through hefty taxes—to the construction of the church. • 1226 Louis IX (d. 1270), grandson...
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...017 General subject catalogs • 018 Catalogs arranged by author & date • 019 Dictionary catalogs • 020 Library & information sciences • 021 Library relationships • 022 Administration of the physical plant • 023 Personnel administration • 024 Not assigned or no longer used • 025 Library operations • 026 Libraries for specific subjects • 027 General libraries • 028 Reading, use of other information media • 029 Not assigned or no longer used • 030 General encyclopedic works • 031 General encyclopedic works -- American • 032 General encyclopedic works in English • 033 General encyclopedic works in other Germanic languages • 034 General encyclopedic works in French, Provencal, Catalan • 035 General encyclopedic works in Italian, Romanian, Rhaeto-Romanic • 036 General encyclopedic works in Spanish & Portuguese (Latin American) • 037 General encyclopedic works in Slavic languages • 038 General encyclopedic works in Scandinavian languages • 039 General encyclopedic works in other languages • 040 Not assigned or no longer used • 041 Not...
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...abhorred “C” word—”culture.” The range of engagement is suggested in the apparent congruence between postmodernist American anthropologists (for example, Clifford & Marcus 1986) and their now classic critique of the Geertzian notion of cultural integration, and the older European critique of the structural-functionalist idea of social integration, which was led by people such as Barth (1966), whose rationalism and naturalism is everything but postmodernist. In both cases, presuppositions of integrated wholes, cultures or social structures, have been debunked. From being a discipline concentrating its efforts on understanding nonliterate societies, often implicitly positing the uncontaminated aborigine as its hero, anthropology increasingly studies cultural impurity and hybridity, and the dominant normative discourse in the field has shifted from defending the cultural rights of small peoples to combating essentialism and reifying identity politics. While this development has been important and necessary for a variety of reasons, the perspectives 154 CREOLIZATION developed risk being one-sided and inadequate.1 A focus on mixing and flows that does not take continuity and boundedness into account ends up undermining its own social theory: Every social scientist knows that cultural meaning is being reproduced and transmitted between generations and that natives do classify and create boundaries, often amidst powerful...
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...The Interplay of Diversity Training and Diversity Beliefs on Team Creativity in Nationality Diverse Teams by Astrid C. Homan, Claudia Buengeler, Robert A. Eckhoff, Wendy P. van Ginkel and Sven C. Voelpel. The journal puts forth the following research question; Does diversity training increase team creativity reflecting in better team cohesion and effectiveness but only for teams with less positive beliefs of diversity. The method in which the research is conducted is through a qualitative study whereas diversity beliefs questionnaires (online) were completed by 192 participants of 41 different nationalities. All of the participants were undergraduate students who were enrolled in an international university located in Germany. One of the gaps in the study was that the study failed to understand the long term effects of diversity training along with addressing the effects of it on individuals who have not been previously exposed to diverse conditions or diverse individuals. Additionally, the diversity training was only conducted for persons within an academic setting and may suggest that people outside of academia would respond much differently to diversity training. The findings of the research suggest and support the idea that a lack of diversity in organizations may be a liability and that providing diversity training to teams and organizations with a little or no diversity can achieve positive results but at the same time, may result in a reduction of creative performance...
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...aggressive and said he would defend Darwin -This all leads to religious doubt Scientists are agnostics – don’t know if there is a God or not. There is no proof and evidence is not available to determine if there is or isn’t a God. German Higher Criticism -A bunch of philosophers of the 1870s basically trying to save the Bible from science fiction -Argue that you have to get rid of the things that are purely supernatural elements to save the Bible -You don’t want to throw out the whole Bible – there’s still a lot of relevant things -Morals, ethics and legal codes are still relevant Social Darwinism -Application of Darwins idea to society -“Survival of the fittest” – competition in natural world Realism (Naturalism) -Realistic art vs idealized art...
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