...The Eight Types of Alternative Fuel There are different kinds of alternative fuels in the world at present. There are eight different types of alternative fuels which are Ethanol, Natural Gas, Propane, Hydrogen, Bio-Diesel, Electricity, Methanol and P-series. All these alternative fuels have different properties, different source used, and different vehicle's used and different impact on the environment and on the world. But one point to be noted is that even though they have different impact on environment, alternative fuels in vehicles can generally reduce harmful pollutants and exhaust emissions. Another interesting fact I found about these fuels in particular is that they can rather be domestically produced and can be derived from renewable resource but the fossil fuels which are being used today such as petroleum and diesel cannot be derived from renewable source. Once these fossil fuels will be extinct alternative fuels are the one which will come to use. I personally think that if even a small majority of the people in the world start using alternative fuels then the pollution and disease will decline and the pressure on fossil fuels, of course, will decrease. The advantages to use alternative fuels are massive. The impact of alternative fuels can have on earth, on people, on so many things is just great. Using alternative fuels can change a lot of things on earth a pollution free place. Here are some possible alternative means of propulsion for road vehicles...
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...Adding Alternative Fuel Vehicles to Lotus Rental Car In an effort to bring down the gasoline cost for his fleet, Lotus Car's Chief Financial Officer is looking at the possibility of adding alternative fuel vehicles to its fleet. To make a sound decision, she decided to hire a consultant firm that would review and determine if implementing the addition of alternative vehicles would benefit the company. By performing thorough research, the consultants will first perform a comparison between gas vehicles and alternative fuel vehicles. The consultant will then determine the advantages and disadvantages of adding alternative vehicles to Lotus Rental Car Company. Before the decision is made to add alternative-fuel vehicles to the Lotus fleet, we need to determine if AFVs truly are a feasible option. We must first acquire an understanding of alternative-fuel vehicles. As discovered in our research, there are currently a wide variety of alternative-fuel vehicles being used today. Alternative-fuel vehicles can operate on fuels other than gasoline or diesel. They come in a variety of forms, from commuter cars to large 18-wheelers. Using alternative fuels helps reduce our nation's dependence on imported oil and improves air quality. The Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct) defines alternative fuels as electricity, ethanol, natural gas, propane, methanol, hydrogen, and biodiesel (U.S. Department of Energy, What is the Energy Policy Act of 1992, para. 2). Gas prices all over the world have...
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...5 Alternative Fuels used today to mitigate Air Pollution 1. EthanolEthanol is an alcohol-based alternative fuel that is made by fermenting and distilling crops such as corn, barley or wheat. Ethanol can be blended with gasoline to increase octane levels and improve emissions quality. 2. Natural GasNatural gas is an alternative fuel that burns clean and is already widely available to people in many countries through utilities that provide natural gas to homes and businesses. When used in natural gas vehicles—cars and trucks with specially designed engines—natural gas produces far fewer harmful emissions than gasoline or diesel. 3. ElectricityElectricity can be used as a transportation alternative fuel for battery-powered electric and fuel-cell vehicles. Battery powered electric vehicles store power in batteries that are recharged by plugging the vehicle into a standard electrical source. Fuel-cell vehicles run on electricity that is produced through an electrochemical reaction that occurs when hydrogen and oxygen are combined. Fuel cells produce electricity without combustion or pollution. 4. HydrogenHydrogen can be mixed with natural gas to create an alternative fuel for vehicles that use certain types of internal combustion engines. Hydrogen is also used in fuel-cell vehicles that run on electricity produced by the petrochemical reaction that occurs when hydrogen and oxygen are combined in the fuel “stack.” 5. PropanePropane—also called liquefied petroleum gas or LPG—is...
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...Green Expansion COMM 215 September 9, 2013 Ruth Palumbo Green Expansion Lotus Rental Car is a regional company primarily located in the western United States. The company plans to move into the national market by introducing a fleet of alternative-fuel vehicles into its existing fleet. While alternative fuels are still not widely available outside major metropolitan areas, we believe adding alternative-fuel cars to our fleet in areas where alternative fuels are readily available will increase our customer base and open new markets. This is particularly true in large east coast metropolitan areas that consider themselves to be environmentally proactive, such as Atlanta, Boston, New York, and Washington D.C. With the extremely high price of gasoline, there is a much higher demand for alternative-fuel cars, so by providing an option to our customers for these types of vehicles, Lotus will be able to tap into the green minded customer markets that already exist in these cities. Our team believes that introducing this fleet into Lotus’ already existing fleet will add a new dimension to the company and provide the growth we need to compete in these new markets. Our team will explore the advantages and disadvantages of the most widely available types of fuels and automobiles. We will also discuss the economic impact this fleet will have on Lotus. After exploring these options, we will provide our Chief Financial...
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...of adding alternative fuel vehicles to the fleet. This analysis will cover the Energy Act of 1992 concerning the alternative fuel sources, explain the pros and cons of using alternative fuel technology such as Hybrids, Battery power, Diesel, Biodiesel, and Natural Gas, and also the factors that will impact the American people having to find resources easily, which can be difficult. Energy Act of 2005 As early as 2005 the United States knew that we could not rely on fossil fuels indefinitely and did not want to rely on foreign oil. The Energy Act of 2005 sec 301 defined what the Alternative Fuels are: Ethanol, Biodiesel, Propane, Natural Gas, Hydrogen, and Electricity are all naturally produced domestically in the US. Currently the US has learned that burning gasoline is bad for the environment, and when you burn gas you create bi products such as Carbon Dioxide, Nitrous Oxide. According to an EPA study the Green House gasses that affect out atmosphere are made up of 82% Carbon Dioxide, 3% Fluorinated Gas, 6% Nitrous Oxide, and 9% Methane.(Refer to graph 1). Overview of Green House Gases EPA.gov As you can see the bulk of the emissions are carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The global goal is to reduce the amount of carbon emissions in the world, not just in the US. The goal is to create a smaller carbon footprint on the planet Earth and slow down the rate of global warming. Pros and Cons of alternative fuels Hybrids...
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...AN ALTERNATIVE TO FOREIGN OIL An Issue Paper Presented to Professor Sheila Christensen Professor of Marketing Utah Valley University For Management 2200 By Greg Gossard July 30, 2012 Executive Summary Over the past few decades, in the United States, oil is the primary fuel consumed by most vehicles on our roads and in our air space today. It is estimated that two-thirds of the oil used is due to the transportation sector. This report will examine the pros and cons of the need for alternate solutions to the ever increasing reliance the United States has on foreign oil. There are practical alternatives and solutions that the United States could implement in the short run, and especially in the long run as well. The idea of domestic drilling, along with natural gas, and plug-in hybrids are definitely worthwhile options to look at for an alternate solution to the dilemma of oil consumption. While some may argue that these other sources are not consistent enough or wouldn’t be efficient resources for alternative energy, there is enough evidence supporting claims to the contrary In financing research projects exploring alternative energy, the U.S. would easily be able to use all of those resources of energy to remove our dependence on foreign oil consumption. On average, the U.S. spends about one billion dollars per day on foreign oil. That adds up to be thirty billion on average per month, and over three hundred and sixty billion annually. This is a gross and unnecessary...
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...Charlotte Yee Alternative Fuels SCI 207 Brad Wells May 9,2012 In today’s world the environment is polluted with many pollutants that are harmful to the environment and also to humans. Most of these pollutants are from our vehicles, from the trash that we stockpile, then turn them into ski parks. With gasoline becoming scarce and an abundant amount of pollution in the environment, we should make sure transportation companies enforce and search for better ways that we can use alternative fuels for a cleaner and safer environment when we use our automobile as transportation. There are several fuels in the world that claim to be safer and cleaner that what we use now. In this group some of these are hydrogen, biodiesel, ethanol, and natural gas. There are other options for different energy sources including solar powered energy and electric powered energy. Right now hybrid vehicles are the most popular when it comes to modern day cars. There are car companies that are begining to offer these cars such as Chevrolet, Mazda, Lexus, Mercury, Ford, and Saturn. Car companies today are offering hybrid cars that still use gasoline but at lower rate than that of totally gasoline fueled cars, this is a good start but there needs to be a more reliable form of fuel to use. A hybrid car is an automobile powered by a cross of two different power sources. The hybrid cars today are gasoline-electric vehicles...
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...SPS: To inform my audience of the benefits of alternative fuel vehicles, and their impact on the environment. Central Idea: In order to understand the benefits of alternative fuel vehicles, one must gain an understanding of the most common alternative fuels available today, as well as the vehicles currently on the market, and how they impact the environment. Intro: I. By a show of hands how many of you own a hybrid or alternative fuel vehicle? A.) Congratulations, those of you that raised your hands, you’re helping the environment. B.) For those of you who didn’t raise your hand, I am going to share with you today the benefits of alternative fuel vehicles, and their impact on the environment. C.) Spent the last several weeks researching this topic, and have come up with some great information I would like to share with you tonight. D.) I will cover some of the most common alternative fuels used today, and the types of vehicles that are on the market today, along with their impact on the environment. Body: I. There are four most common types of alternative fuels. I will briefly review them, and their benefits. A. Ethanol – The United States Department of Transportation defines ethanol as a renewable resource made from various plant materials, and can be blended with gasoline in various quantities. 1. Already used in Brazil since 1920s, and is derived from sugarcane (Bourne 2007). 2. Ethanol in the United States is derived from corn. 3. Per the US Department of...
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...plan to accomplish with this essay? What do you hope the reader takes away from this argument? Inform readers of the advantages of alternative energy. I plan to successfully argue why alternative fuels are better than gasoline products. I hope the reader takes away how alternative energy could help preserve oil and possibly assist in driving down the cost of gasoline. 2) What did you learn from completing this assignment? Did you experience a new understanding of the topic? Did you change your perspective after completing the research? I learned how to affectively apply the Toulmin method in an essay. I experienced a better understanding of the topic from employing the Toulmin method. Yes, because originally I knew little about alternative energy and its affects. 3) What difficulties did you encounter during the research, writing, or editing phases of the assignment? I encountered the most trouble writing the essay. This is the first time I’ve wrote an essay that used this writing method. I feel like writing using the Toulmin method is very beneficial for me once I felt I understood it. 4) What did you enjoy about this assignment? I enjoyed the articles that I found on the topic that I chose. This assignment really helped me better understand how alternative energy is incorporated into society. I was always curious of the effects of alternative energy and this assignment gave me some good insight. 5) What made you decide to write about this particular topic? Is this a...
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...Melisa Horton SC300 – Big Ideas in Science: From Methods to Mutation Unit Four: Energy: How Work Gets Done “Energy Alternatives” January 15, 2013 Energy is used on a daily basis by all living creatures on Earth. Energy consumption can be achieved in multiple ways. Some examples of energy sources are electricity, natural gas, water, propane gas, gasoline, solar, biofuel, coal, geothermal, hydrogen, hydropower, petroleum, uranium and wind. Some forms of energy are renewable and constantly recharge or reproduce themselves. Others are non-renewable and once used are gone forever. Non-renewable energy is something that new construction is trying to minimize or even avoid to build greener houses and buildings. I currently use electricity from DTE Energy to power lights, oven, cook-top, microwave, dishwasher, refrigerator, televisions, game consoles, stereos, computers, hot water tank, central air conditioning, washing machine and dryer. This is a non-renewable source of energy. I also use natural gas from DTE Energy for the heat source for my furnace, clothes dryer and cook-top. The natural gas is also not a renewable source of energy. I utilize propane gas for my grill, turkey fryer, and portable propane heater. All of my vehicles operate on unleaded gasoline. My energy consumption is high during the summer months running the air conditioner. During the winter, the furnace is running most of the time to keep the house warm. Electricity is used around the clock...
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...Lotus and Alternative Fuels Willis Jackson Jr. Comm/215 June 25, 2014 David S. Murphy Introduction For years, environmentalists have been screaming about going green, recycling, reusing products, and so forth. Therefore, the idea of our vehicles using alternative fuel sources would be a welcomed change. With dozens of vehicles and fuel sources becoming available, it is now possible to add alternative fuel vehicles to our rental car fleet. Through this presentation, I will fully outline gasoline and alternative fuel vehicles; the history, the sources of fuel, and consumer incentives will all also be explained. Gasoline vehicles Gasoline powered vehicles are the types of vehicles that are commonly used around the world. Gasoline powered vehicles utilize an internal combustion power train. Power train refers to the group of components within the vehicle that generates power. Internal combustion engines are typically associated with gasoline even though variations of the internal combustion engine can be fueled by other sources. The mainstream alternative to gasoline is diesel fuel. History of gasoline vehicles Self-propelled vehicles have been around since 1672 but were not introduced to mainstream America until 1902. Older vehicles were powered by steam engines, which gave way to the internal combustion engines that are powered by either gasoline or diesel fuel. Diesel fuel and gasoline both cause air pollution and play a role in global warming. The ever increasing...
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...when the prices dropped many of them lost their focus on developments of alternative fuel. The problem is they need to continue this focus because natural resources are growing more limited everyday. The thing is that other countries are already using an alternative fuel that is cheaper and found in things we throw out everyday. Methane is a fueling gas that other countries and ours have known for some time that can fuel a car and other operating systems. Methane is a natural combustible gas. There is two ways that it can be made. We can get it from the Earth’s crust like we do for other natural gases or we can get it from waste sludge and biological waste like chicken and pig manure or from landfills. Using methane to operate machinery or a car would reduce the greenhouse gases by 25 percent because it uses less carbon dioxide. Methane is a dry gas so it does not dilute the engine oil making the engine oil last almost for the life of the car. This is because the combustion of methane is around 97 percent compared to gasoline being 27 percent. The rest of the gasoline (73 percent) goes out the exhaust and pollutes the air and releases carbon dioxide. With methane the exhaust will contain a little of water and the rest carbon dioxide. Methane gas is growing alternative fuel in other countries like Germany, Sweden, and Italy. Volvo came out with a car in 1995 that had both a methane tank and gasoline tank for back up. The bio-fuel cars have a five-cylinder engine and...
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...Introduction In this paper is analyzing the business idea of cousin Edgar to invest in four gas stations in U.S. After conducting researches and analyzing information, there are factors that Cousin Edgar might need to consider before the investment and start up the business. Firstly, the country’s economy health needs to be examined, whether the microeconomic factors, such as the level of demand in gasoline, monthly and a year and the factors that influencing supply of gasoline. Subsequently, macroeconomic factors determine the business idea in producing high profit, and also determining the business span in the short run or even in the long run. Macroeconomic analyzes in oil price According to The World Bank (2014) the total macroeconomic impact of the U.S. oil and natural gas industry is significant. Moreover, the industry was directly and indirectly responsible for over $1 trillion of value- added, or 7.7% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Essentially the estimation that the oil and natural gas industry’s total impact on labor income in 2009 was $534 billion (including benefits), which flow to 9.2 million Americans in jobs directly or indirectly in the industry or in jobs supported by those in the industry. In 2007, it is estimated that the industry directly and indirectly contributed approximately $280 billion of revenue to federal, state and local governments. The industry’s impact goes beyond the operations of the companies actively engaged in exploration and...
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...Assignment #3 Production and Operations Management Explain one possible option that Marathon could take to reduce the time involved in the production process. Marathon Oil is the leading integrated energy company, known for many things such as the exploration of gas and oil, oil production and refining, marketing and distribution and transportation of the finished product. Strategically located thought the world, in places such as the U.S., Angola, Canada, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Indonesia, Ireland, Libya, Norway, and the UK makes Marathon a large international conglomerate that is easily accessible in many markets. With pipelines running throughout the United States, Marathon is able to supply large quantities of oil to various suppliers within hours. With a large number of the U.S. oil refineries located in hurricane regions, (Such as Louisiana) can cause significant price changes at the pump, when natural disasters such as hurricane Katrina and Rita occur. By expanding and/or creating new refineries in other regions, Marathon will allow production and operation responsibilities to shift to other workers and bring more supply into the marketplace. This would take pressure off refineries when they are not able to operate under normal circumstances. Creating new refiners would not only create new jobs, but also bring in needed revenue to the economy. Another option that Marathon could take to reduce the time involved in the production process is to upgrade existing...
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...Why Gas Prices are higher in California than in other Parts of US English 123 James L Hicks Embry Riddle Aeronautical University Abstract The rising gasoline and oil prices have become a global concern since petroleum has many uses around the world and yet its prices have continued rising for the last sixty years. This paper sought to find out why gas prices are higher in California than in other parts of America. The literature reviewed showed that West gasoline market dominated by California is defined by tight balance between supply and demand. Other factors found to be contributing the escalating gas price in California include isolation of the state from other refining centers, market conditions including international demand, Wall Street speculation, poor policies leading to uncontrolled oil cartels, decline of oil production during technical failure, political interferences, and increasing prices of crude oil due to demand forces. Despite there being no quick solution to the challenge, temporary measures such as efficient use of the available resource while looking for alternative cheaper source of energy could alleviate the challenge. Why Gas Prices are Higher in California than in Other Parts of US The Rising gasoline and oil prices have today become a world concern (Garrington, 2012). More concerns are raised considering that petroleum is an important product whose price continues escalating for the last sixty...
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