...Issues Are the repairs made to the electricity poles on Mc Donald’s farm tax deductable? Is it a case of merely a repair or its nature is of restoration or replacement? What are his tax implications on insurance claims Mc Donald received from damage to electricity poles by natural disaster? What are his tax implications on Mc Donald for resurfing the road (owned by neighbour Peppa) to access his farm? Law 1.) Assessable income consists of ordinary income and statutory income as per Income Tax Assessment Act 1997(ITAA97) section 6-1 (1). Section 6-5 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 states that ordinary income is income according to ordinary concepts derived directly or indirectly from all sources whether in or out of Australia. Ordinary income is not defined in statute law; it is determined through case law and can be divided into four categories; income from personal exertion, income from business, income from profit-making schemes & income from property (Barkoczy, 2013, p. 266 - 267). A taxpayer’s accessible income includes not only amounts that are ordinary income but also amounts to that are statutory income (s6-10(1) ITAA97). Statutory income comprises amounts that are deemed by the legislation to the accessible income, But which are not otherwise necessarily income according to ordinary concepts. 2.) Taxpayers subtract deductions from their assessable income to arrive at their taxable income for the financial year. There are two types of deductions...
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...work practices I decide to choose Mc Donald's as the organisation for my research because I worked for them during 3 years between 2008 and 2011 and I was very interesting to study their environmental sustainability around the globe. Mc Donald's is a huge corporation implanted in almost every country around the world. Their impact on the environment is massive, and I remarked that since couple of years, their marketinig tent to go toward environmental care and transparence, and I thought it will be interesting to focus my researches into it. 1.What ressources does the organisation use? As an international fast food organisation, Mc Donald's disposes of a huge system of resources which has a massive impact on the environment. They use all primary resources as water, food (meet, dairies, veggies, fruits...), energy ( as electricity, gaz, fuel petrol) in a huge amount to provide all the restaurants, offices, charity foundations ect. For instance, just in Australia in a year, Mc Donal's use: more than 381 million hamburger buns more tha 86 million of English muffins more than 83 million kilos of potatoes 26 million kilos of beef 18 million kilos of chicken more than 91 million eggs more than 10 millions australian fresh grown product as tomatoes and letuce 720 000 kilos of slliced and diced apples 1,5 million kilos of coffee beans (from Rainfores Alliance) 43 millions litres of milk Some Mc Donald's restaurants participate to the...
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...Case study research offers the potential for a deeper examination of the processes involved in the relationship between MCS and strategy formulation and implementation. The aim of case research is not necessarily to identify the best fit between MCS, strategy and other variables, but to study the interactions between MCS and strategy. This may be contrasted with the empirical research reviewed in the preceding section that was cross-sectional in design and therefore presented a static view of MCS and strategy; the dynamic nature of the relationships cannot be inferred. Also, case studies can allow a wide range of controls to be studied, including those that are difficult to measure with surveys. In this section, the cases reviewed address a series of Interrelated issues: managers’ perceptions as mediating the link between MCS and strategy, the role of MCS in effecting or impeding strategic change, and choice of interactive and diagnostic controls to manage strategy. Managers’ perceptions as mediating MCS and strategy. Archer and Otley (1991) presented a rich description of the control system used in an agricultural manufacturing company. The managers of Rumenco saw their company as having limited opportunities to determine and pursue strategic goals, due to the declining industry and capital resource limitations. Managers characterized their competitive advantage as cost leadership (production) and 222 K. LANGFIELD-SMITH product differentiation...
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...Contents CHAPTER 01 3 About the report 3 1.1Introduction 4 1.2 Origin of the Report 5 1.3 Literature Review 5 1.4 Objectives of the Study 7 1.5 Methodology/ Design of the Study 7 1.6 Limitations of the study 8 CHAPTER 02 9 Overview of management control systems 9 2.1Management Control Systems (MCS) 10 2.2Elements of Management Control 11 2.3Boundaries of Management Control 11 2.4 Benefits of management control systems 12 2.5 Limitations of Management control systems 12 CHAPTER 03 13 Management control systems and strategy: 13 A critical analysis 13 3.1 Relationship between Management control systems and strategy 14 3.2 Levels of strategy from organization point of view 14 3.2.1Corporate-Level Strategy 14 3.2.2 Business Unit Strategies 15 3.2.2.1 Business Unit Mission 15 3.2.2.2 Business Unit Competitive Advantage 15 3.4 Responsibility Centers 16 3.4.1 Nature of Responsibility Centers. 16 3.5 types of Responsibility Centers 17 3.5.1 Revenue Centers 17 3.5.2 Expenses Centers 17 3.5.3 Profit Centers 18 3.5.4 Investment center 21 3.6 Concept of Transfer Pricing in relation to Responsibility center 22 CHAPTER 04 23 Budgeting and performance measurement 23 4.1Budgeting as a Control Mechanism 24 4.2Business performance management 25 4.3Balanced Scorecard 26 CHAPTER 05 29 FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION 29 5.1 Findings 30 5.2 Conclusion 30 5.3Bibliography 31 CHAPTER 01 About the report 1.1Introduction To introduce this topic and understanding the...
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...VERIFICATION OF MILITARY EXPERIENCE AND TRAINING VERIFICATION OF MILITARY EXPERIENCE AND TRAINING | | | | 1. LAST NAME - FIRST NAME - MIDDLE NAMEAPPEL LUKE EDWARD | 2. PAY GRADEE-4 | 3. YEAR(S) IN SERVICE3 | 4. MILITARY SERVICE AND COMPONENTMARINE CORPS, ACTIVE | 5. DATE OF INFORMATION2011 JAN 01 | 6. EXPERIENCE AND TRAINING HISTORY (In reverse chronological order) AND RELATED INFORMATION | EXPERIENCE HISTORY: | | OCCUPATION: 0811, Field Artillery Cannoneer PRIMARY OCCUPATION: MARINE CORPS, ACTIVE: CORPORAL, Pay Grade E-4 OCT 2010 - JAN 2011 (3 Months) MARINE CORPS, ACTIVE: LANCE CORPORAL, Pay Grade E-3 AUG 2008 - OCT 2010 (2 Years 2 Months) MARINE CORPS, ACTIVE: PRIVATE FIRST CLASS, Pay Grade E-2 DEC 2007 - AUG 2008 (8 Months) DUTY OCCUPATION: MARINE CORPS, ACTIVE: CORPORAL, Pay Grade E-4 OCT 2010 - JAN 2011 (3 Months) MARINE CORPS, ACTIVE: LANCE CORPORAL, Pay Grade E-3 AUG 2008 - OCT 2010 (2 Years 2 Months) MARINE CORPS, ACTIVE: PRIVATE FIRST CLASS, Pay Grade E-2 DEC 2007 - AUG 2008 (8 Months) OCCUPATION DESCRIPTION FROM SERVICE FILE FOR: 0811 (Description dates SEP 1975 - JAN 2011) As a member of a field artillery howitzer battery, cannoneers prepare artillery pieces and equipment for movement, combat, and firing. They inspect and prepare ammunition for firing, and perform the various jobs incident to firing such as, laying for elevation and deflection, loading the piece, and handling ammunition. Field artillery cannoneers...
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...There are various aspects of the TOWS matrix that can be applied to Mc Donald’s. The major marketing aspects that are covered in the TOWS matrix are the strength, weaknesses, opportunities, threats and cross matching of these analyses to develop strategies that can be used to enhance situations that may be derived from advantages or improve situations that may cause disadvantages. The strengths that are identified are that Mc Donald’s is a fast food franchise company which takes consideration over the nutritional facts and values of the food that they provide for the consumers. Apart from that, another marketing strength that they have is that they have penetrated the fast paced market by providing delivery services. This delivery services can be obtained at any point of the day as it is a 24-hour service. Mc Donald’s also practices Corporate Social Responsibility to aid the Earth and conserve its resources as well as contributing to society. Weaknesses of Mc Donald’s are that they no doubt a fast food company and that the public are aware that this type of food is unhealthy. The freshness of the products may impose a concern as sometimes, the food that is purchased from Mc Donald’s tastes soggy. In the staff aspect, the Mc Donald’s workers are not paid very high whereby this may affect their performances. Opportunities that can be derived for Mc Donald’s is that they are a large chain company who adheres to the rules and regulations of the countries that they have penetrated...
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...Management Control System CHAPTER 1 : THE NATURE OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEMS By: Amirul Affan (115020305121001) Maria Dias Ika S (115020307121009) FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS BRAWIJAYA UNIVERSITY 2014 A. Basic Concepts Management control system (MCS) is a system which gathers and uses information to evaluate the performance of different organizational resources like human, physical, financial and also the organization as a whole considering the organizational strategies. MCS influences the behavior of organizational resources to implement organizational strategies. MCS might be formal or informal. Control An organization must be controlled to ensure that is strategic intentions are achieved. But controlling an organization is much more complicated than controlling devices. Every control system has at least four elements: 1. Detector or sensor Device that measures what is actually happening in the process being controlled. 2. Assessor Device that determines the significance of what is actually happening by comparing it with some standard or expectation of what should happen. 3. Effector Device that alters behavior if the assessor indicates the need to do so 4. Communications network Device that transmit information between the detector and the assessor and between the assessor and the effector. Management An organization consists of a group of people who work together to achieve certain common goals (in business...
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...Sociology and Marketing Hand in Hand Written By Yomna, Aiman, Anaa To excel in business, you need more than a solid grasp of math and economics. Business requires an understanding of people -- large populations in particular. Sociology provides the educational background needed for managers to understand their employees and customers. Business leaders that understand sociology are able to anticipate customer needs and respond to employee problems in ways others cannot. What is Sociology? Sociology is the study of human social relationships and institution. Sociology is a subject that differentiate the alternating matter of society like from race to crime, family to social class, beliefs of similar culture and it talks about the social stability to radical change in the whole societies. The study of sociology helps the individual to understand how human act and realization both shape and shaped by the surrounding culture and social structure. Sociology is an exciting and helpful field to study that evaluates and explains the important matter in our personal live, our communities and the world. For our personal lives sociology studies the social cause and consequences of things like racial and gender identity, family conflict, aging and religious. As for the society level, sociology examines and explains matters like for example prejudice and discrimination, poverty and wealth, crime and law, school and education and social movements. With the help of the 4 main...
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...themselves. In this busy schedule, the introduction of low calorie microwavable food has lives of people much more easier. These products are easily consumable and hence have become very popular. As discussed in assignment 1, the market structure (or selling environment) was perfectly competitive. In a perfectly competitive market there are a large number of buyers and sellers. The products sold in this market are perfectly homogeneous. Examples of perfect competition are vegetable market, market for cereals etc. In a real world situation, there are many sellers of low calorie microwavable food. If we observe the demand side, we can also find a large number of buyers in the market. With large number of buyers and sellers, if we examine the nature of the product, then we can see that the products are almost homogeneous. The main characteristics of perfect competition are: i. Many buyers and sellers ii. Free entry and exit iii. Information is perfect iv. Homogeneous product Now, firms under perfect competition have no market power and hence cannot affect the market price. They are bound to sell at the ongoing market price. But recently, it has been observed that the characteristics of the market are changing. Since the tastes of people are different, there is a lot of scope for product differentiation in this market. The sellers are also taking the advantage of this taste differentiation and are differentiating their product. Thus the sellers of the microwavable food industry...
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...responsibilities (CSR) is the one of the most hot issue in business. The goal of CSR is to embrace responsibility for the company's actions and encourage a positive impact through its activities on the environment, stakeholders and all other members of the public who may also be considered as stakeholders. This is right to Mitsubishi Corporation (MC)! CSR activities have contributed to the success of the Corporation in business. In order to have this achievement, MC focus on The Three Corporate Principles, which are the foundation of the vision and strategy for their commitment to corporate social responsibility: Corporate Responsibility to Society, Integrity and Fairness and Global Understanding Through Business. MC’s basic policy on CSR- related activities is: * Building partnership with NGOs: focus on specific communities, work on cultivating strong relationships with relevant NGOs in those particular areas. * The issue of human rights: putting the rights of employees first. * CRS to the company is a combination of regulation and voluntary action is essential, adopt a clear regulatory response and policy stance. * From a global perspective, MC should also be involved in businesses that help benefit the poorer inhabitants of the world's developing nations. The term corporate social responsibilities is often used to express to which business strategically meet the economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities placed on them by their various stakeholders. In...
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...facilitate transactions. d. Until 1995, e-commerce was almost non-existent. e. all of the above Answer: e Diff: 1 Type: MC Topic: E-commerce Skill: Recall/Applied 2) Use this fact situation to answer the related questions that follow. A and B have decided to go into the business of selling goods, but wish to use the Internet to reach potential customers all over Canada who can both buy from them and pay using the Internet. As prudent businesspersons, A and B will a. register a domain name. b. negotiate an Internet access agreement. c. negotiate a website development agreement. d. negotiate a website-hosting agreement. e. all of the above Answer: e Diff: 2 Type: MC Topic: E-commerce Skill: Applied 3) Use the fact situation in Q2 to answer the related question that follows. The type of business that A and B are setting up is called a. wholesale sales. b. electronic retailing. c. retail sales. d. e-commerce. e. digital retailing. Answer: b Diff: 1 Type: MC Topic: E-commerce Skill: Recall/Applied 4) Use the fact situation in Q2 to answer the related question that follows. The type of payment that the business will most likely use is a. credit cards. b. smart cards. c. cash. d. electronic cash. e. all of the above Answer: e Diff: 2 Type: MC Topic: E-commerce Skill: Recall/Applied 5) Use the fact situation in Q2 to answer the related question that follows...
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...design within its organizational context: findings from contingency-based research and directions for the future Robert H. Chenhall Department of Accounting and Finance, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia Abstract Contingency-based research has a long tradition in the study of management control systems (MCS). Researchers have attempted to explain the effectiveness of MCS by examining designs that best suit the nature of the environment, technology, size, structure, strategy and national culture. In recent years, contingency-based research has maintained its popularity with studies including these variables but redefining them in contemporary terms. This paper provides a critical review of findings from contingency-based studies over the past 20 years, deriving a series of propositions relating MCS to organizational context. The paper examines issues related to the purpose of MCS, the elements of MCS, the meaning and measurement of contextual variables, and issues concerning theory development. A final section considers the possibility that contingency-based ideas could encompass insights from a variety of theories to help understand MCS within its organizational context. # 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction The three purposes of this paper are to provide a review of empirical, contingency-based research as it has developed since the early 1980s, to critically evaluate this work, and consider a variety of theoretical foundations...
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...Introduction Management control system (MCS), as a vital part of an organization, which purpose allows organizations to ensure that their activities achieve the objects they desire. The process of designing and improving MCSs requires addressing three basic questions. What is desired? What is likely to occur? And What is the effect of contextual factors ?Then managers must address each of these questions. What controls should be used? In recent years, contingency-based research has maintained its popularity with studies including these variables but redefining them in contemporary terms. This paper provides a critical review of findings from contingency-based studies over the past 20 years, deriving a series of propositions relating MCS to organizational context. The paper examines issues related to the purpose of MCS, the elements of MCS, the meaning and measurement of contextual variables, and issues concerning theory development (Robert H. Chenhall 2003). on the effect of contextual variables on the design of Management Control System (MCS). It is tests the effect of each contextual variable on the relationship between MCS design and performance by using survey instruments. It is demonstrates that contextual variables contribute to the design of MCS. The following sections describe how to address each of these questions. What it is the organization Objectives and, more importantly, strategies that are derived from a good understanding of the organization’s objectives...
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...issues on system decoupling in service operations of mass customization by conducting a case study in catering services. It firstly justifies the effectiveness of applying concept of mass customization into service system decoupling to deal with the operation dilemma and then reveals the nature of decoupling decisions for mass customization purpose after discussions on the importance of modularization and the role of technologies including IT in the decoupling process. Based on these analyses, a Judgment-Matrix-based model on how to make the decoupling decisions in balancing the multiple operation objectives is then proposed and further research directions are finally suggested. Keywords: Mass Customization, System Decoupling, Customer Contact, Modularization 1. Introduction System decoupling is an effective approach to cope with the influences caused by customer contact by dividing the service system into two components: back-stage and front-stage. However the relevant researches often take a dichotomous perspective, assuming that the objectives of service operations focus on either efficiency (costs and related issues) or services (customization and responsiveness). Mass customization (MC) has been regarded as an innovative way of doing business by putting together these seemly contradictory operation objectives and...
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...CHAPTER 18 REVENUE RECOGNITION MULTIPLE CHOICE—Conceptual AnswerNo.Description c1.Revenue recognition principle. b2.Definition of "realized." a3.Definition of "earned." d4.Recognizing revenue at point of sale. d5.Recording sales when right of return exists. c6.Revenue recognition when right of return exists. d7.Revenue recognition when right of return exists. b8.Appropriate accounting method for long-term contracts. c9.Percentage-of-completion method. b10.Percentage-of-completion method. c11.Classification of progress billings and construction in process. b12.Calculation of gross profit using percentage-of-completion. a13.Disclosure of earned but unbilled revenues. c14.Revenue, cost, and gross profit under completed contract. b15.Disadvantage of using percentage-of-completion. a16.Loss recognition on a long-term contract. c17.Accounting for long-term contract losses. d18.Criteria for revenue recognition of completion of production. a19.Completion-of-production basis. c20.Presentation of deferred gross profit. c21.Appropriate use of the installment-sales method. b22.Valuing repossessed assets. b23.Gross profit deferred under the installment-sales method. b24.Income recognition under the cost-recovery method. b25.Income recognition under the cost-recovery method. d26.Cost recovery basis of revenue recognition. d*27.Allocation of initial franchise fee. a*28Recognition...
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