...influences the body) * 1870 = more focus on the mind (eg. How do the mind and bosy interact?) (need to know dates for exams) * psychology was a sub discipline of these areas William Wundt * Professor od physiology * 1879 created first experimental psych lab in Germany * The father of psych * 1879 = psych date of birth * Focused on consciousness * He taught many students, and they began teaching once they graduated and it began to spread * 1883 – 1893 = new psych research labs in north America G. Stanley Hall * former student of Wundt * 1883 = started first US research lab in John Hopkins Uni, Baltimore Maryland * 1887 = first psych journal * Early theories: structuralism vs. Functionalism * Structuralism – late 1800’s to 1927 * Edward Tichener (student of Wundt) * Studying...
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...that trigger their symptoms. This can influence their job performance, school work, and can affect...
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...Analyzing Psychological Disorders University of Phoenix Axia College Part A Schizophrenia is a disease that affects the forebrain, hindbrain, and limbic system. The forebrain is the anterior and largest part of the brain. This part of the brain functions to control sensory, and motor function, cognitive function, reproductive function, eating, sleeping, emotion display, and helps to regulate temperature. The hindbrain is the part of the brain that helps to coordinate posture, motor activity, balance, and sleep patterns, and helps to regulate essential but unconscious functions like breathing, and blood circulation. The limbic system is essential in the regulation of motor activity and emotional expression. Schizophrenia has a strong genetic component. Patients, who have an immediate family member such as a parent or sibling, have a higher chance of developing schizophrenia. Other factors that have been believed to contribute to schizophrenia, like high levels of stress during pregnancy, traumatic injury, toxins, infections, and autoimmune reactions. Symptoms of schizophrenia include: * Bizarre delusions- delusions of being controlled by an outside source * Inappropriate- failure to react appropriately to emotional events. * Hallucinations-imaginary voices controlling behavior. * Incoherent thoughts-illogical thinking or peculiar ideas. * Odd behavior-talking in rhymes, long periods of...
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...------------------------------------------------- Red River College ECE Program ECED-2009 Research Essay Assignment Value: 30% Select a topic related to Early Childhood Education for this assignment. The list on the following page may be helpful for some ideas, although you are not restricted to these topics. Approve your topic with your instructor by: _______ . Duplication of topics will not be allowed, and topic choice is on a first-come, first-served basis. Search for resources related to this topic. Check the Learning Centre, as well as the Library. Conduct an Internet search. For your paper, you need a minimum of 4 current (less than 8 years old) references. Include a minimum of one of each of the following: - book - scholarly journal article (from EBSCOHOST or other scholarly database) - reliable internet source. Use the APA style of documentation (see text) to write a 3 - 4 page paper. Include an introduction, thesis statement, body (that includes background information and at least 3 points of discussion), a conclusion, and a reference page. The reference page is not included in the length. You will also complete a 5 minute presentation to the class based on your research. Refer to Considerations for Effective Presentations. Use peer editing as part of your writing process. That is, when you have a draft completed, ask at least one peer to provide feedback using the peer editing rubric. Be mindful of the peer’s schedule...
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...Running head: Name of class Name of class Your name University Course number Abstract In this paper, this learner will outline a qualitative focus group research proposal for this final assignment. This paper will outline the problem as well as the research question and proposed research methodology to accomplish the research. At this conclusion of this paper, this learner will analyze and present justification of the research proposal this learner chose to answer the research question. Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….7 Statement of the problem……………………………………..……………………...7 Theoretical Perspective…………………….……………………………………….. 8 Independent Variables……………………………………………………….10 Dependent Variables…………………………………………………………10 Peer Relations…..………………………………………….…………11 Developmental Process of Children.…………………….….………..12 Social Supports…………………….…………………………………13 Gaps in Research……………………………………………………………..14 Research Question……………………………………………………………….......15 Hypothesis……………………………………………………………………………15 Selected Methodology—Qualitative Focus Group………………..….………………..........15 Sample criteria………………………………………………………………………16 Sample size………………..….……………………………..………………………17 Sampling procedure…………………………………………………………………17 Focal Elements…….………………….…………………..…………………………19 Definition...
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...Analyzing Psychological Disorders Jeannie Hopkins PSY/240 11/17/2013 Dr. Brooke Morford A psychological disorder is known as a mental disorder; it is a pattern of behavioral or psychological symptoms that impact multiple life areas and/or create distress for the person experiencing these symptoms. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), approximately 26 percent of American adults over the age of 18 suffer from some type of diagnosable mental disorder in a given year (The Numbers Count: Mental Disorders in America). Almost half of that also meet criteria for 2 or more disorders, with severity strongly related to comorbidity. Mental disorders are diagnosed based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) here in the U.S. The DSM-IV-TR explains that a multiaxial system involves an assessment on several axes, which refer to a different domain of information that may help the clinician plan treatment and possibly predict the outcome (Association, 2000). The five axes included in the DSM-IV multi-axial classification are as listed: * Axis I: Clinical Disorders and Other Conditions That Need Clinical Attention. * Axis II: Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation. * Axis III: General Medical Conditions. * Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems * Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF). As stated in the DSM-IV-TR “the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale is...
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...perception of oneself as male or female", ( Feldman, 2011). Gender is established by the time a child reaches his or her preschool years. "By the age of two, children consistently label themselves and those around them as male or female" (Feldman, 2011). Preschoolers are very rigid in their beliefs about gender-appropriate behavior. These beliefs become more pronounced by the age of five years. By age seven years the beliefs are still there, although less rigid. Preschooler's ideas of stereotypical behavior are compared to those of traditional adults. Preschoolers develop a gender schema, "a cognitive framework that organizes information relevant to gender"(Feldman, 2011). For example, a preschool boy may refuse to wear makeup in a school play because he knows that makeup is for girls only. In 1966, Lawrence Kohlberg proposed a cognitive-developmental theory, which explains the rigidity of preschoolers as their understanding of gender, and gender appropriate behavior (Feldman, 2011). Shuvo Ghosh states that the development of gender identity "clearly begins in the intrauterine stage". He attributes this to hormone production and surges during the development of the fetus. Initially, all human fetuses appear to be female. During the eighth week of development, fetuses with the testes determining factor (TDF), begin to develop testicles. This is in part due to the surge of testosterone that takes place. "Further progression toward the eventual male phenotype occurs as...
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...PSYCHOLOGY and your life chapter 1 introduction to ps ychology 2 chapter outline A Gift of Life It was every subway rider’s nightmare, times two. Who has ridden along New York’s 656 miles of subway lines and not wondered: “What if I fell to the tracks as a train came in? What would I do?” And who has not thought: “What if someone else fell? Would I jump to the rescue?” Wesley Autrey, a 50-year-old construction worker and navy veteran, faced both those questions in a flashing instant yesterday and got his answers almost as quickly. Mr. Autrey was waiting for the downtown local at 137th Street and Broadway in Manhattan around 12:45 p.m. He was taking his two daughters, Syshe, 4, and Shuqui, 6, home before work. Nearby, a man collapsed, his body convulsing. Mr. Autrey and two women rushed to help, he said. The man, Cameron Hollopeter, 20, managed to get up, but then stumbled to the platform edge and fell to the tracks, between the two rails. The headlights of the No. 1 train appeared. “I had to make a split decision,” Mr. Autrey said. So he made one, and leapt. Mr. Autrey lay on Mr. Hollopeter, his heart pounding, pressing him down in a space roughly a foot deep. The train’s brakes screeched, but it could not stop in time. Five cars rolled overhead before the train stopped, the cars passing inches from his head, smudging his blue knit cap with grease. Mr. Autrey heard onlookers’ screams. “We’re O.K. down here,” he yelled, “but I’ve got two daughters up there...
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...|Adolescence and Delinquency | |I couldn't begin to cover all the possible reasons that may cause an | |adolescent to become a "juvenile delinquent." During my research, I found | |that the term juvenile delinquency is defined a number of ways. Mosby's | |Medical Nursing, and Allied Health Dictionary summed up juvenile delinquency | |best with this definition; "resistant antisocial, illegal, or criminal | |behavior by children or adolescents to the degree that it cannot be | |controlled or corrected by the parents, endangers others in the community, | |and becomes the concern of a law enforcement agency"(1994). | |I found that most theories about what causes delinquency in children and | |adolescents originate with families and parenting. Many statistics and | |studies have been conducted comparing the number of youths that had chosen a | |delinquent life style, with single parent households, or parents who were...
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...that I thought the class would be teaching individuals especially students about human behavior, counseling, and evaluation of an individual mental state (health). But after completing this course, I realized that this course not only teaches you about human behavior, but goes in-depth as to why people behave the way they do. We looked at the different Theorists like Abraham Maslow with the Hierarchy of Needs, Sigmund Freud, who came up with the Level of Personality, what is the Id, Superego and the Ego as well as the psychosexual stages of development which are the anal, oral, phallic, latency and the genital, culture it terms of how it impacts society and individual, discrimination, prejudice, gender, diversification, motivation and self in terms of self actualization and how an individual can achieve it. This class also encouraged critical thinking where each individual had to apply what he or she learned in class to their everyday life. In the first week of class Miss told us that we would be covering Units 1, 2 and 3 for this course. She gave us a course outline of the different topics that we were going to cover. For each unit, this included Unit 1 Explaining Behaviour, the Scientific Schools of Behaviour, the Introspective Schools and Nature vs. Nurture and Freewill vs. Determinism. The topic that was a bit challenging for me at first in Unit 1 was Introspective Schools, which covers the Psychoanalytical, the humanistic and cross- cultural perspective. At first when...
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...Alan Hardy Liberty University Abstract The purpose of this research is to provide an in depth look at the causes of homosexuality. Homosexuality has had a strong presence throughout history and many ancient civilizations openly engaged in homosexual activity. Currently, all research seems to conclude that there is no universal accepted truth as to why homosexuality exists, but many researchers agree that there are certain experiences and situations that tend to contribute to homosexual behavior. This research paper explores numerous contributing factors that are thought to raise the likelihood of someone becoming a homosexual. Readers will be interested to explore the core argument of biological and genetic makeup versus arguments of nature. Numerous studies and experiments help support both sides of the argument, but neither side is able to produce irrefutable evidence naming a direct cause of homosexuality. This research paper serves as a way for individuals interested in the causes of homosexuality to explore numerous viewpoints, stereotypes, and unbiased valid information on the topic. This research could be used to help individuals understand why homosexuality exists in today’s society. Causes of Homosexuality Homosexuality is perhaps one of the most misunderstood realities within today’s society. There are many people that view it as disgusting, unnatural and taboo. Others claim to support the right to love whomever with little or no understanding what being homosexual...
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...l University of Phoenix Material Personality Theories Matrix THEORY | Psychoanalytic | Neo-Freudian | Trait | Biological | Humanistic |Behavioral/ Social | Cognitive | |School of Thought (List the factors that each school believes influence personality development) |Psychosexual stages: 1.Oral-Focus on mouth and a satisfaction of sucking and biting. 2. Anal-Pleasure of anus and a concern with feces. 3.Phallic-Fear and anxiety of castration from his father because of sexual desires for one’s mother. 4. Latency-Repression of infantile sexuality. 5.Gential-Maturity of sexuality, capable of genuine love. Concepts of Mental structure: 1. Id-Basic impulses, sexual and aggressive. Impulsive and irrational. This is also known as the pleasure principle when one seeks immediate satisfaction regardless of the consciences. 2. Ego-Test reality, seeks safety and survival, rational, and logic. 3. Super-Ego-Ideal and moral, strives for perfection, dictates, incorporative, imposes limitations on satisfactions. Unconscious Conflict: This is when a person may have a fear of certain things and may use other things to describe the fear. Example: If someone was afraid of an animal that they have never been in contact with. This may be a sign of a fear that is revealed as an unconscious conflict with something they know nothing about. |Alfred Adler: Strive for superiority: Born with a sense of inferiority. Striving to overcome these deficiencies of weakness and helplessness...
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...feL82809_ch01_002-047.indd Page 2 8/2/10 9:46 PM user-f465 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Psychology /Users/user-f465/Desktop feL82809_ch01_002-047.indd Page 3 8/2/10 9:46 PM user-f465 /Users/user-f465/Desktop Key Concepts for Chapter 1 MODULE 1 What is the science of psychology? ● What Psychologists at Work are the major specialties in the field of The Subfields of Psychology: Psychology’s Family Tree psychology? ● Where do psychologists Working at Psychology PsychWork: Licensed Social Worker work? MODULE 2 What are the origins of psychology? ● What are the major approaches in contemporary psychology? ● What are psychology’s key issues and controversies? ● What is the future of psychology likely to hold? A Science Evolves: The Past, the Present, and the Future The Roots of Psychology Today’s Perspectives Applying Psychology in the 21st Century: Psychology Matters Psychology’s Key Issues and Controversies Psychology’s Future MODULE 3 What is the scientific method? ● What role Research in Psychology do theories and hypotheses play in The Scientific Method psychological research? ● What research Descriptive Research methods do psychologists use? ● How do Experimental Research Psychological Research psychologists establish cause-and-effect relationships using experiments? MODULE 4 What major issues confront psychologists conducting research? Research Challenges: ...
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...changes. Form the day we are born until the day that death has come upon use. As we reach different stages of our lives we begin to see changes not only in our physical but cognitively as well. Through the studies of Erik Erickson he came up with 8 different stages personality that may define who we are going to be. The first stage is Basic trust vs. basic mistrust; in this stage it covers the birth to 1 year of age which seems to be the most fundamental stage of life. Cassell (2013) states that Erickson said; the baby develops basic trust or basic mistrust is not merely a matter of nurture. It is multi-faceted and has strong social components. It depends on the quality of the maternal relationship. The mother carries out and reflects their inner perceptions of trustworthiness, a sense of personal meaning, etc. on the child. If successful in this, the baby develops a sense of trust, which "forms the basis in the child for a sense of identity." Failure to develop this trust will result in a feeling of fear and a sense that the world is inconsistent and unpredictable (p.04). The next stage in Erickson development stage is the Autonomy vs. Shame and this covers the ages from 1-3 years of age. In this stage the...
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...also completes a general education requirement. Course Objectives: to help you expand your abilities and knowledge in the following broad areas as they pertain to psychology: the process of inquiry, critical reasoning, major concepts and methodologies, current developments within psychology, applications of psychological principles to the real world, comprehension and understanding of psychological theory and research design, and respect for the commonality and diversity of human experience. Learning Objectives: By the end of this course, students should have a basic understanding of: the dynamics of psychological research, how the science of psychology has come to be a field of its own, the importance and contribution of the Nature vs. Nurture debate in the field of psychology, the influence of biological processes on behavior and mental processes, the many states of consciousness and how they contribute to psychological functioning, the processes of learning and the many theories used to explain how we learn, the building blocks of personality and the 4 main theories used to explain and assess personality, the...
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