...The Crusades are a series of nine wars that were fought between Muslims and Christians. There are many reasons why people wanted to fight, but the main reason is that they all believed that the “holy land” (Jerusalem) was rightfully theirs and the Christian's goal was to gain reign over it. The real question is whether the Crusades had more positive or negative results. From my point of view of the Crusades were more negative because there was little religious tolerance and the Crusades legacy left bitterness between the religions and enabled them to further divide. A lot of innocent people were killed on all sides of the war because what they believed in was different from what others believed in. Document 1 states that, “In Europe, crusaders...
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...political wars called the Crusades, took place in the late 11th century from 1095 to the late 13th century (1291). The Crusades left a tremendous impact on both the Eastern and Western Worlds in numerous ways; in certain ways, the effects were positive and in others, the effects were negative. Some of the most important results that Crusades left behind were on commerce, religion and the mindset of the people. Among the Crusaders, there were a variety of different motivations and purposes for taking part in the Crusades. Nowadays, the Crusades are usually viewed as a very important religious movement that knights of Christendom took part in to recapture the Holy Lands from Muslim rule (Doc 3). However, there were some people took part...
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...somewhere around 1,700,000 people died as an effect of the Crusades. The Crusades were a set of wars, between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, all fighting to gain control of the Holy land. Many people have argued on whether the Crusades were beneficial or not. However, the Crusades, overall were not beneficial for human history, They did not accomplish anything, killed way too many people and started the spread of a deadly plague. To start off, the Crusades were pointless, as they did not accomplish anything. The reason that the Christians started the Crusades was to take control of the Holy Land in Jerusalem for the Muslims, but the Christians were unsuccessful and everything stayed the same. First, “Pope Urban II called for a crusade against the Muslims to regain control of Jerusalem.” This text shows that the point of the crusades was to gain control of Jerusalem, and when the Crusades were finished, the Muslims still controlled it. Next, “Crusaders sought to gain ground in the Holy Land through short-lived raids that proved little...
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...The Crusades had a lot of impact on our history. They tore up cities, killed innocent people, and still failed to reclaim the Holy Land. The Crusades was a series of wars over the Holy Land . The Christians believe it is the place where the last supper was held. The impact the Crusades left on our history was definitely more negative than positive. They killed innocent people like the Jews, and they made the relationship between the Jews, Muslims, and Christians worse. One way that the impact of the Crusades was more negative than positive was that the Crusades killed innocent people such as the Jews. Document 1 states that “ In Europe, crusaders sometimes turned their fury against Jews, massacring entire communities.”This is (important/interesting/relevant)...
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...Olivia Coolidge’s Tales of the Crusades follows events occuring along seven crusades, spanning over 300 years. It depicts the happenings of the world from 1094-1464, displaying many aspects of life in that time period. The first event in the book follows the soldiers along the First Crusade, with the second scene coming years later, entailing King Baldwin IV’s rule and loss of Jerusalem to Saladin. Next, Coolidge details the planning of the Third Crusade and The execution and failure of the Children’s Crusade. Lastly, the book covers the Knight’s Templar and their doubt in the holiness of the Crusades, along with the final attempt to recapture constantinople, executed by Pius II. Throughout the novel, Coolidge displays many social aspects contained...
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...other subjects or it will result in ongoing fights, arguments, and wars. In the case of the Crusades, this was exactly the result- a series of religious “Holy wars”. This particular set of Holy wars was divided amongst the Christians, Muslims, and Jews in revolt against the Catholic church. The original intention of the Crusades started as a political issue under the rule of Pope Urban II in 1095 AD. His goal was to increase Papal power, obtain wealth, and gain greater political power in Jerusalem, the Holy land. However, this quickly changed when religion played its role. The Pope performed a speech in Claremont simply implying that Muslims were persecuting the Christian faith due to the regions they resided in near the Middle East. As a result, the first Crusade came to terms. Something as profound as the Crusades will never be forgotten and although many centuries have passed, the previous problems still linger- especially in the Middle East. Most history books will focus on the outcome of the Crusades according to Western European culture, but it is the Eastern culture and religions who have truly suffered. All one has to do in order to realize this is to look at the current situation in our world today. The effects of the Crusades have taken a negative toll on the relations between Jewish, Christian, and Muslim religions and communities. In order to explain the result of the Crusades within the Jewish religion, one must understand what Jerusalem is to the Jewish people. It...
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...Mr. T. Campbell Religions Effect on Society For as long as humans have had the ability to reason, they have attributed the natural phenomenon of the world around them to deities, spirits, and supernatural forces. Religion has played a huge role in the development of societies and civilizations throughout history. It has been a guide for morals and principal. It has been a foundation of law for many cultures. The positive aspects of religion are recognized and cherished among its followers, however there are other effects, some well-known, and others ignored, that are not so positive. Just some examples of these effects are: wars, discrimination, control, the retardation of science, the denial of healthcare, and death. This argument seeks to research and describe some of the negative effects religion has had on mankind, and thus the world. Certainly the most notable negative impact on society is religious wars. A religious war or holy war is a conflict primarily caused or justified by differences in religion. The account of the conquest of Canaan by the Israelites in the Book of Joshua; the Muslim conquests of the 7th and 8th centuries; the Christian Crusades, 11th to 13th centuries; Wars of Religion, 16th and 17th centuries. These are the classic examples, but a religious aspect has been a part of warfare as early as the battles of the Mesopotamian city-states in 700BC. Throughout recorded history, more wars have been waged in the name of religion than any other reason....
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...religion.” He also stated that it must be maintained without religion because times have changed. He said that if religion is not separated from state it could have severe damage, such as the Crusades and the Holocaust. Dershowitz believes that there is a difference between morality and religion. When people are moral without religion, they are being virtuous on their own, not because they are afraid of God. He stated that religion should not consist of a Cost-Benefit Analysis. Alan Keyes, a former Republican presidential candidate, stated that religion sets the standard for what’s moral. Keyes argued “power only ultimately respects another power,” and Martin Luther King Jr. was not a preacher byaccident. Dershowitz also stated that not everything in the Bible should be believed word-for-word, even George Washington said “indulge religion with caution.” Keyes believed that if state and religion should be separated, then why does the Declaration of Independence contain so much about religion? Alan Dershowitz and Alan Keyes would have argued endlessly about religion’s role in society if there were not a moderator to stop them. Religion and morality exist together in parallel according to Alan Keyes. Alan Dershowitz stated that if religion and morality are not separated, it could have negative discourse. James Fowler followed Piaget, Kohlberg, and Erickson when selecting the stages to his development of faith across the life span. These three men all selected different ways to look...
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...Organized religions have affected people in countless ways throughout history. One major negative effect religion has had on society is the biggest, longest, and bloodiest wars in the history of humanity. The Crusades (1095-1291) were a series of religious expeditionary wars blessed by Pope Urban II and the Catholic Church, with the stated goal of restoring Christian access to the holy places in and near Jerusalem. The Crusades had major political, economic, and social impact on western Europe. It resulted in a substantial weakening of the Christian Byzantine Empire, which fell several centuries later to the Muslim Turks. Another great example of wars brought on by religion are the ongoing wars in the Middle East. The roots of the modern Arab–Israeli conflict lie in the rise of Zionism and Arab nationalism towards the end of the 19th century. Territory regarded by the Jewish people as their historical homeland is also regarded by the Pan-Arab movement as historically and presently belonging to the Palestinian Arabs, and in the Pan-Islamic context, as Muslim lands. The conflict between Palestinian Jews and Arabs emerged in the early 20th century, exploding into a full scale civil war in 1947 and expanding to all Arab League countries with the creation of the modern State of Israel in May 1948. Organized religion has also had many positive effects on society. They have been responsible for assisting in teaching people morals and values. A classic example of this would be the “Ten...
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...Essay on Whitman and Cunningham Society, just a word that most people use to describe the people around them and the population, holds the meaning of so much more. Society always appears to be used in negative context, because normally, it is used to describe a stereotype. The world is fully of stereotypes that are created by the opinions of everyday people, members of our society. Society can be portrayed in many ways, but it is how it is shown that counts. Michael Cunningham in his works of “In The Machine” and “Children’s Crusade”, and Walt Whitman in his poem “Song Of Myself” portray society as a murderer and their characters as the victims. Through interpretations and descriptions, their journeys and victimizations are brought to life through the literature. The ways in which society affects each person are shown in “In The Machine” as Lucas falls to industrialization, in “Song of Myself” as the reader discovers society’s true effects, in “Children’s Crusade” as Cat breaks away from society and finds her true happiness, and in “Song of Myself” as stereotypes are formed by society. Throughout the story, In The Machine, by Michael Cunningham, the main character, Lucas falls victim to society and its expectations. Lucas is just an average boy trying to get by during the course of the industrial revolution. Throughout the course of this period, people in society began to realize how technology was going to take over their lives. Lucas, became very involved in machines, he began...
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...April Calderon Professor Julie Moore-Felux ENGL 1302 15 August 2013 Final Exam: Question No.: 1 & 3 Question #1: “With friends like these ...” Tom Hodgkinson article question(s): In the article written by Tom Hodgkinson, his clear intention was to convince the viewer/reader to deny, reject, negate social media specifically, Facebook. The writer focuses on the aspect that social media, specifically, Facebook, destroys people’s ability to connect with one another. He further states that the essence of social media is controlled by a select few whose sole motive is control and profit and their own agendas. (Hodgkinson 327, 328) It is obvious from the beginning of the article Hodgkinson, is opposed to social media. The writer attempts to narrow his thesis into specific principles or burdens, which is difficult. He supports his thesis and supporting arguments with the criterion or value premise of a moralistic or ethical intent of social media. The writer attempts to prove this in three ways. One, he demoralizes social media by stating it erodes the interaction of intrapersonal skills. Meaning social media takes away the person to person interaction. This results in antisocial behavior and desolation of verbal speech. He then moves on to disclose the unique background of the primary investors in the largest social media corporation, Facebook. The representation of the primary investors is very disturbing. He presents data that is very disturbing about the three...
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...Rap/Hip-Hop: The Effects on Today’s Youth Brenda L. Williams-Capers Columbia Southern University English Composition II Professor Dana Taylor December 11, 2011 Abstract Rap/Hip-Hop first became popular among African American and Latinos among youth in the streets of New York during the 1970’s. It was their way of expressing themselves in a friendly manner in the form of speech, fashion, and personal style. Rap/Hip-Hop music was a way for them to get their message out, by telling stories of their lifestyles. However, over the years Rap/Hip-Hop music has become much more popular for its explicit lyrics, reference of drugs, alcohol and sexual explicit videos. Many may ask “Could Rap/Hip-Hop music have a negative influence on today’s youth, because of its unhealthy messages”? This research paper will examine the effects of rap/hip-hop music on today’s youth and whether or not it has a negative influence. Brenda L. Williams-Capers Professor Dana Taylor English Composition II December 11, 2011 Over the year’s many researchers have conducted studies on the effects of rap/hip-hop on today’s youth. The results have been mixed; however there are indications that some forms of Rap/Hip-Hop music could have negative influence on today’s youth. This is due to the fact that youth start to adapt the negative aspects of the gangster rap, by displaying aggressive behaviors and committing crimes of violence. Rap gets a bad rap because some songs contain explicit lyrics...
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...by the Western world for a being an inhuman and oppressive tradition in need of abolishment. At the age of puberty, women living in communities that practice FGM are subject to a forced circumcision procedure that often leads to lifelong physical and psychological implications. As such, anti-FGM discourse universalises the image of the ‘normal” female body by framing female circumcision as a barbaric human rights violation. In doing so, the Western world often fails to acknowledge the practice’s deep rooted cultural significance that have made women “prisoners of ritual”. It will be argued that in order to adequately resolve FGM, advocates need to value the heritage and voices of the ‘other’ and focus on educating women on the harmful effects of circumcision, rather then simply trying to abolish the process. Njambi, Wairimũ. 2004. Dualisms and female bodies in representations of African female circumcision: A feminist critique. Feminist Theory 5(3): 281–303. The article, Dualisms and female bodies in representations of African female circumcision (2004), seeks to provide a feminist critique on how Western discourse has inadequately framed female genital mutilation (FGM). Dr. Njambi, the author of this text, explains how anti-FGM advocates present female circumcision to be oppressive and unhuman, and in doing so, fail to recognize the cultural significance of the practice. Njambi uses specific examples from her own experience with FGM and modern feminist theories to exploit...
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...Kawaina Minor HUM/130 February 20, 2014 Michelle Williams Effects of Religion Organized religion has both positive and negative influence on society. Organize religion has brought war yet has always been there for the community. During World War 2 in the spring of 1942 Catholic religious orders and Catholic schools started to conceal Jews from their persecutors. There was growing conflict within the church to risk defying the Germany occupancy of France to protect the innocent Jews being persecuted. However, in that spring Catholics united to help Jews escape going to camps. Today the Catholic Church has charity program helping the few Christians left in Iraq, a country recovering from years of war. Christians are in an unstable region and are having a hard time securing homes and with the churches help they hope to help the Christians to keep their homes and hope. At the same time, Christians are being hunted by Islamist in the northern regions of Iraq. There has been mass torching of the Christian business. This is not the only place where this has been happening, in other Middle Eastern area’s the minority religion is being persecuted by the majority religion. Parts of Syria Christians are weary to leave their homes because of Islamic extremist. Killing by religion is nothing new though, from 1096 to 1270 the church assembled Christian warriors to go to Palestine. It became known as the crusades and the warrior’s task was to free Jerusalem from the Muslims. Many deaths...
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...Why The US Became An Imperialist Power It can certainly be argued that the turn to imperialism by the United States in the late nineteenth century was of a piece with expansionist policy that dated back to the founding of the nation. Many of the justifications were similar, including a civilizing mission, expanding economic opportunities, competition with foreign powers, and others. Additionally, the anxieties that resulted from the closing of the frontier (most famously expressed in Frederick Jackson Turner's 1893 essay The Significance of the Frontier in American History) are often cited as driving forces for continued expansion as a way of maintaining American vitality in a modern world. Yet imperialism marked a major departure from previous US policy. For more than a century, political leaders had emphasized American isolation from the problems of the world. By mid-century, however, the desire for new markets for United States manufactured goods had resulted in increasing involvement in foreign affairs. The United States became an imperialist power for reasons of wealth, land, and power in the late eighteenth century. Though ideologically convincing, the imperialist policies that the US followed proved to be unsuccessful in a number of instances. From 1890 to about 1911, many Americans held the strongest of reservation either in favor or against United States imperialism. Thus, the debate over imperialism is split into two categories: Imperialists and anti-imperialists...
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