...Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem 2012 Mar.-Apr.;20(2):384-91 www.eerp.usp.br/rlae Original Article Quality of life of a person with Parkinson’s disease and the relationship between the time of evolution and the severity of the disease Fabiana Magalhães Navarro-Peternella1 Sonia Silva Marcon2 Parkinson’s disease can cause disability and decrease the quality of life in its sufferers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of a group of people with Parkinson’s disease and whether a relationship exists between time of evolution and severity of the disease. Secondary analysis was carried out on transversal data collected from 40 individuals with Parkinson’s disease registered in the Parkinson’s Association of Maringá, in MaringáPR-Brazil. Measures: three instruments were applied: a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Hoenh and Yahr Scale and the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39). According to PDQ-39, men referred to a lower quality of life, although, statistically, there was no significant difference between the two genders. Differences were only observed in the dimensions of “activities of daily living” and “social support”, in which men presented higher impairment, and “emotions” and “bodily discomfort”, where women showed higher impairment. Furthermore, severity of disease tended to lead to a perception of lower quality of life regarding the dimensions of “activities of daily living” and “cognition”, which is relevant to improve clinical guidance...
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...between the two countries beforehand, today, so many children and the old (suffer) from hunger and cold. 5. I overate last night, so I couldn't sleep well. If I (eat) so much, I (have) a sweet sleep. 6. (Be) I in your shoes now, I (choose) to decline this offer. 7. But for Kevin's assistance, we (complete) our term paper in time. 8. No one can succeed anything unless s/he really (resolve) to do it. 9. If you (forget) to take the compass, we (be) lost now. Also: ( Had forgotten/ would be) 10. As long as your company (assure) our success in marketing, we (continue) doing business with you. 11. I wouldn't be so upset if you (invite) me to your birthday party last Wednesday. 12. You can use my dictionary on condition that you (promise) to bring it back tonight. 13. All this calamity (happen) if they (cut) most of the trees in that area. 14. I (take) some cash with me in case I exceeded my credit card limit. 15. Only if George apologizes to Mary, forgive him. Final del...
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...Unlucky Chucky Part 1 2) D-tubocurarine, the active ingredient in curare, binds to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor sites at the neuromuscular junction. In high concentrations, d-tubocurarine competes with the acetylcholine and blocks the nicotinic receptor sites. 3) Curare works by blocking the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction. This prevents the metabolisation of acetylcholine by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. The excess build-up of acetylcholine continues to stimulate the muscles, preventing the relaxation of the muscle. This causes Chucky to be paralyzed as acetylcholinesterase is not able to break down the acetylcholine, preventing him from relaxing his muscles. Effects of curare has a time of onset of about 5 minutes, and lasts for 60-120 minutes. Due to the inability to move and relax voluntary muscles, including the diaphragm, victims of curare poisoning fall into a state of paralysis and are at risk of dying from respiratory failure. In this case, unless Chucky is administered artificial respiration to aid his breathing until the effects of curare wears off, he will die from respiratory failure. Unlucky Chucky Part 2 2) Curare is a competitive antagonist which blocks the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction. This means that curare binds to the receptor but does not activate it, preventing the metabolisation of acetylcholine by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. By preventing acetylcholinesterase from breaking...
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...Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects four major areas which are: the motor system, cognitive or thought changes, behavioral and emotional changes, and the autonomic nervous system. Symptoms of PD may be subtle at first and usually progress very slowly. They are often thought to be part of normal aging. However, early symptoms strongly correlated with eventual PD diagnosis include impaired sense of smell, constipation, slow reaction time, excessive daytime sleepiness, and impaired executive function (the brain's cognitive tasks that include organizing information, solving problems, forming concepts, and making decisions). Atlas, S., Matthews, J. R., Fritsvold, E., & Vinall, P. E. (2014). Ella’s father, Frederic is often referred to as the “shakey grandpa” by the grandchildren and great grandchildren due to the manifestation of some symptoms of his Parkinson’s disease. Joe who is Frederic’s grandson might see things differently and understand why his grandfather is called “shakey grandpa” as compared to Ella’s husband John who is superstitious. He might even tell the grandchildren Frederic is possessed with bad spirits that’s why he shakes. Even though he might understand that it is a disease he might be in denial and not accept it. There are challenges that a person with Parkinson's disease confronts. There will be times when he or she can function almost normally and then other times when he or she will be very dependent. This is a natural...
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...Parkinson’s Disease and REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Sukhwinder Randhawa Introduction: “Parkinson’s is a neurodegenerative disease” (7). When the cells that produce dopamine die then Parkinson’s disease arises. Dopamine is a “chemical that carries signals between the nerves in the brain” (7) to control movement. Since movement is no longer monitored and controlled certain body parts start to shake uncontrollably. Although Parkinson’s disease has no cure it can be somewhat controlled through medication. However Parkinson’s disease would be easier to control if it could be diagnosed earlier. By the time Parkinson’s disease is diagnosed, a person has already lost 80% of their dopamine neurons. In order to diagnose Parkinson’s disease earlier on doctors and patients need to see the sign and symptoms beforehand. Researchers have come upon the fact that an earlier way of diagnosing Parkinson’s disease might be through watching the patients sleeping patterns. Researchers are saying that REM sleep behavior disorder might share a common cause with Parkinson’s disease. REM sleep behavior disorder is a disorder in which there is rapid eye movement while a person is sleeping. It is a type of parasomnia in which vivid dreams are associated with the enactment of dreams. This disorder is a “dysfunction in REM sleep and the motor control circuitry in the pontomedullary structures” (2) which causes the loss of control over movement, especially of the eyes. Within this new discovery the REM...
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...Football players more likely to develop neurodegenerative disease, study finds By Nadia Kounang, CNN updated 4:38 PM EDT, Wed September 5, 2012 [pic] (CNN) -- Just hours before the 2012 NFL season kicks off, a new study suggests that professional football players are three times more likely to have neurodegenerative diseases than the general population. When researchers specifically looked at Alzheimer's disease and ALS -- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease -- that risk increased to four times greater than the rest of us. The study, published Wednesday in the medical journal Neurology, surveyed nearly 3,500 retired NFL players who were in the league between 1959 and 1988. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, a division of the Centers for Disease Control, had been following this group of players since the early '90s, when the NFL asked the institute to evaluate them for their risk of cardiovascular disease. This time, the authors decided to look at the neurological outcomes of the players by specifically evaluating the autopsies of 334 players. "We looked at all the death certificates, and Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and ALS had significant contribution to the death," according to study co-author Elliot Lehman. When tallying those specific diseases, the authors found that among the 334 players, seven had died from Alzheimer's and another seven with ALS. Three players had died with Parkinson's disease, but the authors...
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...Aggregates/Nuclear inclusions: Villain or tragic hero? Introduction The major defining feature of neurodegenerative diseases is the progressive accumulation of nuclear inclusions comprising of irregularly folded protein aggregates. Previously it was thought that protein aggregation is the cause of neurodegeneration as it had been established that neurodegenerative diseases such Huntington’s disease (HD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), prion disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) all shared a common feature which was these aggregated proteins and the formation of inclusion bodies (Ross and Poirier, 2004). However, recent studies have suggested that protein aggregation may not be the cause of toxicity to cells but that it may in fact be a protective mechanism. The aggregates formed in the above-mentioned diseases can be a consequence of mutations in the sequence of the protein that is related to the disease, increased amounts of a normal protein due to a genetic variation, or even the absence of genetic variations. These may be initiated by environmental stress or aging (Ross and Margolis, 2005). The aggregated proteins can build up and form inclusion bodies, which can be either intracellular or extracellular. There is an ongoing debate about the role of aggregation in the disease process even though one of the most common pathological features of neurodegenerative disorders is inclusion bodies. There is much evidence indicating that aggregation is associated...
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...properly treating the underlying disorder. With appropriate treatment, a person's previous level of functioning can be restored. Examples of reversible cognitive disorders are pseudodementia and delirium, which will be described later. Reversible & Irreversible The types of reversible and irreversible disorders that we discuss is this topic center are classified as "Delirium, Dementia, and Amnestic and Other Cognitive Disorders" in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV; the "gold standard" manual used by mental health professionals to diagnose disorders). However, as dementia is the most common cognitive disorder, we will start with a discussion of this condition. Regardless of the diagnosis, the common denominator among all of the conditions discussed here is a significant problem with memory and/or other areas of cognitive functioning that represents an obvious change from the person's previous level of functioning. Dementia Many people mistakenly use dementia as a synonym...
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...Chromosome Number For NUR 3516 Crisis Intervention Professor 07/26/2015 Chromosome Number Four The purpose of this paper is to explore the association of crisis intervention relative to nursing and genetics related to Huntington’s disease (HD). The focus will touch on several different topics associated with pre-emptive testing, pregnancy, educational barriers, strengths, signs and symptoms related to the potential of having an aneuploidy fetus. Also, the importance of time sensitive decisions during pregnancy, social support for potential results, financial resources and hardship related to testing. Additionally, the potential for impaired early on-set compromised cognitive functioning linked to Huntington’s disease. Finally, incorporating the expanded role of the professional nursing scope, practice, and ethical dilemmas associated with Huntington’s disease. Chorea a Brief History Huntington-Chorea was identified in 1872 as a rare inherited disorder secondary to “Chorea” jerky uncontrolled movements (Mandal, 2014). Chorea is Greek in origin and defined as “dancing in unison” (Merck Manual, 2015). 1872 the jerky movements were thought to be divine intervention or demon possession that required a type of exorcism to expel (Jumreornvong, 2015). Additionally, with the evolution of genetics in 1983 according to the US-Venezuela Huntington Disease Collaborative Research Project an approximate location of the gene was identified...
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...Plato: Illuminating the Human Condition In “The Allegory of the Cave,” Plato starts his writing with, “and now, I said, let me show a figure how far our nature is enlightened or unenlightened…” (66). The definition of allegory is “the expression by means of symbolic fictional figures and actions of truths or generalizations about human existence; also: an instance (as in a story or painting) of such expression” (Merriam-Webster). Plato’s works were written before the birth of Christ. Yet it is just as relevant today as it bears witness to the complexity of human life and sheds light on the human condition—certainly a timeless topic for exploration. Plato’s writing depicts how we, as human beings, view, understand, and experience life and the things around us in our own unique way, and how we all struggle to make the right choices for ourselves, as it’s often easier to take the path of least resistance. When we see the sun, do we all see the same sun or see the same color? When we dream, do we all experience the same dream and give it the same meaning? These thoughts and feelings require us to look at our existence in a metacognitive way. As the story begins, there are prisoners living in a cave, bound by chains, and surrounded by fire. They can only see what is right in front of them. There is an opening in the front of cave that allows the light in. The prisoners can choose to see the light outside and yearn to be out of the cave, although most of them believe it is easier...
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...The definition of Humanities is described as the study of people processing and documenting, the human experience. Since humans have had the ability, we have utilized philosophy, literature, art, religion, history, language, and music to understand and record the world in which we live. The symbols of expression have become some of the subject matters that usually fall under the umbrella of humanities. Gaining knowledge of the records of human experiences, gives one the opportunity to feel a connection to those who came before our time, as well as the contemporaries. (Stanford Humanities). Distinguish the humanities from other modes of human inquiry and expression. Humanities are described as academic disciplines that study the human condition, by using methods that are largely analytic, speculative, or critical. It differs from others that utilize an empirical approach, or evidence or consequences that have the ability to be observed by senses. (Weegy.com). : List a current example of each type of the following humanities and explain why each example you give reflects current developments in politics, socioeconomics, and technology * Art-In today’s development in art it includes: “digitization and computerized/graphic arts as a major form of expression.” (weegy.com). This development was made possible by technology advancements. For example, first computers, then higher levels of software, then digitization, and this allowed manipulation of massive amounts of data...
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...The Information Overload This paper discusses changes that corporations may undertake to mitigate information overload. What I intend to show here is that it would be prudent of a corporation to make changes to social systems in order to return to a more productive state of organization. Certainly technical systems play an important role in controlling what information is necessary to assist in the scope of an individual’s specific work goal for the corporation. As the old adage goes, “garbage in, garbage out” and technical influences, such as fire walls, spam filters, permission and security settings can minimize or eliminate all together both input and output garbage as it were. I have served over 20 years in the Army, and continue to work for the DoD for example, the internet used for everyday business is very restrictive, you are not likely to get overloaded with useless information on this media, there are some exceptions that may allow you to move beyond the necessary parameters for safe computing, however, the network monitoring systems in place would have human intervention to your location within the hour. While imposing technical influences on computer systems through a well established IT program in a corporation is a must do task for any organization, social systems must be in place and supportive of the technical systems in order to successfully mitigate information overload. What I am saying here is that employees must have a corporation success oriented attitude...
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...Society will always be based on a set of norms followed by a group of people, hence the formation of communities and tribal settings. In order to succeed within social strata it is of the utmost importance to adhere to these “rules”, so to speak. Moral value is often what deciphers one group from another. What one group of people hold of importance may not mean much to another. However it is important to respect the differences between social groups, because without each of them society wouldn’t be where it is today. In my two chosen texts, Nervous Conditions by Tsitsi Dangarembga and Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit by Jeanette Winterson we are faced with two characters trying to release themselves from the shackles of society and trying to become accepted and to find themselves. Stories of self-development often prove to be the most interesting, a coming of age tale revealing significance in every footstep of growth. In Nervous Conditions we follow the narration of the main character, Tambu and her experiences, through her eyes directly, of her time growing up in Africa. The book also surrounds another main character, Nyasha, Tambu’s affluent cousin. It is important to recognise the immediate differences between the cousins. Tambu has only ever known an impoverished background where as Nyasha is travelled and educated. She speaks English and Tambu speaks Shona, the language of her area. At the beginning of the novel it is difficult to imagine how the girls will be able to relate...
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...another world beyond this changeable and destructible one in which we live, one consisting of unchanging eternal Forms. He asserted that what we see and touch are only very distantly related to the ultimate realities that exist. He created the famous comparison of the human condition with that of prisoners chained facing the inner wall of a cave, so that all they can see are simply shadows of objects in the cave, knowing nothing of the world outside. “To Plato, there was no natural sense on how men ought to live, education was to be the key to the construction of a better society; from the "educated" would arise the elite to rule society. Plato thought it essential that a strict threefold class division be maintained. In addition to the rulers, the Philosopher-kings, there were to be "Auxiliaries" (soldiers, police and civil servants) and the "Workers" (the rest of us).” - Luigi Miraglia (1846-1903), professor of the Philosophy of Law in the University of Naples "I do believe that there are gods and that in a far higher sense than that in which any of my accusers believe in them." – Plato, the Republic Most Christians would have to agree in some way or another to the way Plato describes the human condition. In that we can only see one version of what we have here on Earth. That there is indeed a perfect flower, perfect sky, perfect water, etc, but we have to wait to get to Heaven to indeed experience them. “For behold, I create new heavens and a new earth; and the former...
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...|PERSONALITY SPECTRUM I |Name: |Patrina Taylor |Date: |8/18/2010 | STEP 1. Rank order all 4 responses to each question from most like you (4) to least like you (1). Place a 1, 2, 3, or 4 in the space next to the responses. 1. I like instructors who a. 4 tell me exactly what is expected of me. b. 3 make learning active and exciting. c. 4 maintain a safe and supportive classroom. d. 4 challenge me to think at higher levels. 2. I learn best when the material is a. 4 well organized. b. 3 something I can do hands-on. c. 2 about understanding and improving the human condition. d. 3 intellectually challenging. 3. A high priority in my life is to a. 4 keep my commitments. b. 4 experience as much of life as possible. c. 3 make a difference in the lives of others. d. 4 understand how things work. 4. Other people think of me as a. 4 dependable and loyal. b. 4 dynamic and creative. c. 4 caring and honest. d. 3 intelligent and inventive. 5. When I experience stress I would most likely a. 3 do something to help me feel more in control of my life. b. 2 do something physical and daring. c. 4 talk with a friend. d. 4 go off by myself and think about my situation. 6. I would probably not be close friends with someone who is a. 2 irresponsible. b. 3 unwilling to...
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