...oxidative states 1. An excess of 120 distinct types of enzymes and proteins are known to contain Fe-S clusters2. Iron-sulfur proteins are known for the role of the oxidation-reduction reactions of mitochondrial electron transportation. They are also discovered in a series of metalloproteins procedures, for example, ferredoxins 3, Coenzyme Qcytochrome c reductase 4, succinate-coenzyme Q reductase 5 and nitrogenase 6. The iron-sulfur proteins have many functions including catalysis, generate radicals, and also can play as sulfur donors in the biosynthesis of lipoic acid and biotin. Additionally some of the Fe-S proteins are able to regulate the gene expression. Furthermore, the discoveries of new iron-sulfur proteins and iron-sulfur clusters has led to lots of interests of their amazing functional and structural diversity, which reflects the versatility of both iron and sulfur in biochemical processes. Since these iron-sulfur proteins are vey common on the metabolic pathways of most organisms, it leads some scientific interests that iron-sulfur compounds had a significant role in the origin of life in the Iron-sulfur world theory 7. Thus theory claims that the early life on earth probaby formed on the surface of some iron sulfide minerals. It has been well developed by retrodiction from extant biochemistry and some chemical experiments. It has been reported that Fe-S proteins presumably were involved in the first catalysts that nature had to work with8. 1 II. Structures...
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...Informe Anual 2012 Femsa Objetivo del trabajo El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo ilustrar la aplicación de la Norma Internacional de Información Financiera (NIIF) 3 “Combinaciones de negocios” (NIIF 3) emitidas por el Consejo de Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad (IASB, por sus siglas en inglés), así como comparar el tratamiento otorgado en México por la NIF B-7 “Adquisiciones de negocios” de las Normas de Información Financiera emitidas por el Consejo Mexicano de Normas de Información Financiera, A.C. (CINIF). Antecedentes de la adquisición El desarrollo de este trabajo se basa en el Informe Anual 2012 publicado por Femsa , tomándose como ejemplo la fusión anunciada el 7 de mayo de 2012 por Coca-Cola FEMSA de la operación de bebidas de Grupo Fomento Queretano, S.A.P.I. de C.V. (Grupo Fomento Queretano). Coca-Cola FEMSA mediante asamblea general extraordinaria de accionistas, el 4 de mayo de 2012 sus accionistas aprobaron la fusión con un valor agregado de $6,600 millones, que al momento del anuncio del acuerdo de fusión representaba un múltiplo EV/EBITDA de aproximadamente 9.7 veces. Cabe mencionar que dentro de los estados financieros de Femsa se mencionan dos adquisiciones adicionales. La nota 4.1.2 referente a la adquisición de Grupo CIMSA y la 4.1.3 correspondiente a la adquisición de Grupo Tampico, las cuales se llevaron a cabo el 9 de diciembre de 2011 y octubre de 2011, respectivamente. No obstante, para efectos del trabajo final consideré...
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...de Comité de Práctica Profesional NIF B-2 Estado de flujo de efectivo Contenido Esta NIF tiene como objetivo establecer las normas generales para la presentación, estructura y elaboración del estado de flujos de efectivo, así como para las revelaciones que complementan a dicho estado financiero básico. La NIF B-2 fue aprobada por unanimidad para su emisión por el Consejo Emisor del CINIF en noviembre de 2007 para su publicación y entrada en vigor a partir del 1º de enero de 2008. Con base en la NIF A-3, el estado de flujos de efectivo es un estado financiero básico que muestra las fuentes y aplicaciones del efectivo de la entidad en el periodo, las cuales son clasificados actividades de operación, de inversión y de financiamiento. Antecedentes En el año de 1990, entró en vigor el Boletín B-10 con el tercer documento de adecuaciones, requiriendo a las entidades la presentación de sus estados financieros básicos a pesos constantes, como consecuencia de lo anterior, en ese mismo año entró el Boletín B-12, Estado de cambios en la situación financiera, cuyo objetivo era también la preparación de dicho estado a pesos constantes. Razones para emitir la NIF B-2 El CINIF decidió sustituir el estado de cambios en la situación financiera como parte de los estados financieros básicos y establecer, en su lugar y de forma obligatoria, la emisión del estado de flujos de efectivo. Las razones son las siguientes: Estado de cambios en la situación financiera (B-12) ...
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...RESEARCH includes research articles that focus on the analysis and resolution of managerial and academic issues based on analytical and empirical or case research Interaction Between Forex and Stock Markets in India: An Entropy Approach Y V Reddy and A Sebastin Executive Summary Interactions between the foreign exchange market and the stock market of a country are considered to be an important internal force of the markets in a financially liberalized environment. If causal relationship from a market to the other is not detected, then informational efficiency exists in the other whereas existence of causality implies that hedging of exposure to one market by taking position in the other market will be effective. The temporal relationship between the forex market and the stock market of developing and developed countries has been studied, especially after the East Asian financial crisis of 1997–98, using various methods like cross-correlation, cross-spectrum, and error correction model, but these methods identify only linear relations. A statistically rigorous approach to the detection of interdependence, including non-linear dynamic relationships, between time series is provided by tools defined using the information theoretic concept of entropy. Entropy is the amount of disorder in the system and also is the amount of information needed to predict the next measurement with a certain precision. The mutual information between two random variables X and Y with a joint...
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...Week Six Homework – Chapter 11 & 12 Accounting S11-7 1. Earnings = Net income − preferred dividends per share /average number of common shares outstanding 2. Earnings per share of common stock: Income (loss) from continuing operations Income (loss) from discontinued operations Income (loss) before extraordinary item and cumulative effect of change in accounting principle Extraordinary gain or loss Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle Net income (net loss) 3. Earnings per share is useful because it relates a company’s income to one share of the company’s stock. Stock prices are quoted at an amount per share. Earnings per share is used to help determine the value of a share of stock. S11-12 1. Management of Ashburnham Computer, Inc. is responsible for the company’s financial statements. 2. The accounting standard for financial statements is accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. 3. Management has established and maintains internal accounting control over financial reporting to fulfill its responsibility for reliable financial information. 4. Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, auditors located in Portage, Michigan, gave an outside opinion on Ashburnham’s financial statements. Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm released its opinion on December 28, 2010. 5. The audit covered Ashburnham’s balance sheets at September 30, 2010, and September...
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...FACULTAD DE CONTADURIA ADMINISTRACION Y SISTEMAS DE LA UNAVERSIDAD VERACRUZANA CAMPUS XALAPA EXPERIENCIA EDUCATIVA: CONTABILIDAD INTERMEDIA II ACADEMICO: M.D.F. BRENDA MARINA MARTINEZ HERRERA TRABAJO SOBRE: NIF C-2 INSTRUMENTOS FINANCIEROS EQUIPO N° 2 ARREDONDO ANDRES H. DIAZ HEIDI RODRIGUEZ BANDALA FERNANDO SALIM PEREZ ZAIRA SANCHEZ HERNANDEZ RUBEN IVAN ZAMORA VELEZ ALYN ALEJANDRA FECHA DE ENTREGA: 02/09/2012 INTRODUCCIÓN En diciembre de 1999 fue emitido el Boletín C-2, Instrumentos financieros (Boletín C 2), el cual entró en vigor para ejercicios iniciados a partir del 1° de enero de 2001. Asimismo, en febrero de 2004 se emitió el Documento de adecuaciones al Boletín C-2 (el Documento), vigente a partir del 1° de enero de 2005. Aún cuando el Boletín C-2 se enfoca básicamente a la presentación de instrumentos financieros primarios, incluye algunas normas de presentación de instrumentos financieros derivados y operaciones de cobertura. El Boletín C-2 y el Documento se enfocan básicamente a la clasificación y valuación de instrumentos financieros y estableció tres clases para los mismos, que están basadas en la intención con la cual se adquieren y utilizan dichos instrumentos, o sea la de instrumentos con fines de negociación, la de disponibles para su venta y la de conservados a vencimiento. Ese Documento estableció ciertas reglas y condiciones para la transferencia de instrumentos financieros entre las distintas clases. OBJETIVO El objetivo...
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...Information Infrastructure and Policy 6 (2000) 157–170 IOS Press 157 Accessing Geographical Information Systems over the World Wide Web: Improving public participation in environmental decision-making Steve Carver, Andy Evans, Richard Kingston and Ian Turton School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK Abstract. This paper describes work carried out as part of the Economic and Social Research Council’s Virtual Society? Research Programme and presents some initial developments in the field of spatial decision support systems (SDSS) on the World Wide Web (WWW). Particular attention is paid to the development of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and webbased SDSS with the principal aim of increasing public involvement in environmental decision-making. Discussion focuses on public access issues and the implications for online approaches to public participation. Examples of three online SDSS are given covering local, regional and national scale case studies. 1. Introduction The rise of the Internet and the WWW has created many opportunities for those involved in GIS and decision support research. In the last few years many GIS have appeared on the WWW giving the general public, or at least those with a connection to it, access to both GIS and spatial data. With this increased availability, previous criticism of GIS as an elitist technology voiced by Pickles [6] may no longer be valid. We are now beginning to witness the popularising of GIS, at least...
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...calculations in the space provided. Using a calculator is allowed (and suggestedJ, but make sure to show the calculation used in each problem. Please follow the GMU Honor Code. (qt Part I (80 points) 1.. Find n(B), given thatn(A)=1,8, n(AfiB)=7, and n(AUB)=Z4. n(AuB). k( ) + r( h) *ntang\ 7L+ =^ tx a^(s)-f tt1 13 = (g) ('tl 2. Name the shaded set sn c .14u nif $ sy{s r& tr ( ' q) 3. In a survey of recent homebuyers it was found that ' 240 were not married . 160 were first time home buyers . Of the 325 married homebuyers, 250 had previously owned a home. How many of the people surveyed were neither first time homebuyers nor r')-$O lMfrt ruoT a'^& 4. Use the Venn diagram below to find : ^. ,(auclna) = 3+5+6 = I + 0t c. n(AuB)' : lL+ lS = a7 (tt 5. Students must answer 5 out of 9 exam questions. In how many different ways can these questions be selected? ((q,5) = tlu,,, [ ',1 rt, r tAG printer simultaneously. don'1 l^q^,e h cfroryt ll,on [^^ m/q b) = 6. Six people in the computer lab all send documents to the In how many ways can the jobs be processed? a^*tr b ekDts; 6! ry ,iloro P 0"t 72 o dno'',fi,* (+t 7. Suppose a password consists of 5 case sensitive letters. You can use upper or lower case in each position. a HowrnanY d,ffi 1il.st,PUg =5/ (,t uppercase tr "tffi;'='Uid^f*t ,t io,7o\D3z,aw" 7b b. If a password is generated at random...
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...transformando nuestro mundo para un mejor futuro INFORME ANUAL CEMEX 2011 siguiente> para continuar construyendo el futuro ÍNDICE 2> DATOS FINANCIEROS RELEVANTES 3> CARTA A LOS ACCIONISTAS 5> TRANSFORMANDO NUESTRO MUNDO 12> INFORMACIÓN FINANCIERA SELECTA CONSOLIDADA 14> NUESTRA EMPRESA 17> DISCUSIÓN Y ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS 18> RESUMEN GLOBAL DE OPERACIONES 22> INICIATIVAS DE MERCADOS DE CAPITAL Y OTROS EVENTOS RELEVANTES 25> ESTADOS FINANCIEROS 105> TÉRMINOS QUE UTILIZAMOS 106> CONSEJO DE ADMINISTRACIÓN 107> COMITÉ EJECUTIVO 109> INFORMACIÓN PARA MEDIOS E INVERSIONISTAS CEMEX está enfocado en una rigurosa transformación para aprovechar el valor aún no capturado en toda nuestra organización y para recuperar nuestra posición como el líder de creación de valor de nuestra industria. Mediante la transformación de nuestra empresa, haciéndola más eficiente, más ágil, más emprendedora y más enfocada al cliente, nos preparamos para un futuro de crecimiento rentable y sustentable. CEMEX es una compañía global de materiales para la industria de la construcción que ofrece productos de alta calidad y servicios confiables a clientes y comunidades en más de 50 países del mundo. CEMEX mantiene su trayectoria de beneficiar a quienes sirve a través de la constante búsqueda de soluciones innovadoras para la industria, mejoras en eficiencia y promoviendo un futuro sustentable. Paseo Marítimo de la Playa del Poniente de Benidorm en España 10,000 metros cúbicos de concreto premezclado...
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...Biochemical Analysis of Psychrophilic Proteins from the methanogen Methanococcoides burtonii Erick Morales Abstract About 75% of our biosphere’s temperature is cold (≤ 5°C) and many microorganisms inhabit this type (psychrophilic) of environment, requiring the same building blocks for life as organisms inhabiting moderate (mesophilic) temperatures. Despite this, research on the biosynthetic pathways psychrophiles use is very limited. The enzymes found in these microbes are adapted with structural features that give them the ability to function up to 10 times higher catalytic efficiency than their mesophilic homologues. The overall goal of the proposed research is to use a biochemical and genetics approach to study the stability, structure, and function of psychrophilic proteins involved or believed to be involved in the nitrogen metabolism of Methanococcoides burtonii. The specific objectives are: 1. Investigate the structural and functional properties of M. burtonii’s nifH and nifD gene products using sequence analysis, UV-VIS spectroscopy, and two-hybrid studies; 2. Investigate the structure, stability, and kinetics of M. burtonii’s glutamate dehydrogenase through sequence analysis, site-directed mutagenesis, protein modeling, and kinetic assays. Cold-enzyme study can increase knowledge in the field of protein folding and catalysis and the broader impacts of this project include (1) potential biotechnological applications of cold-enzymes (2) the involvement of...
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...Nygaard: Professional Autonomy versus Corporate Control ISSN: 1893-1049 Volume 2, No 1 (2012), pp. 11-26 http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-30971 Pål Nygaard Professional Autonomy versus Corporate Control Abstract: Professionalism and bureaucracy tend to be understood as incompatible systems of work organization, represented by the ideals of collegiality and autonomy versus control and supervision. I present a historical case study from early 20th century Norway examining the potential clash between efforts made toward professionalization and bureaucratization in industry. Based on my findings, I argue that there is neither an inherent conflict between professionalism and bureaucracy nor static national trajectories at the level of professional versus bureaucratic work organization. Keywords: professionalism; bureaucracy; engineers; engineering; history; transnational Pål Nygaard Centre for the Study of Professions, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Scineces Contact: Department of Innovation and Economic Organisation, Handelshøyskolen BI, 0442 Oslo, Norway Pal.Nygaard@ bi.no Page 11 For a long time, theories on professions brought forth the contention of an inherent conflict between professionalism and bureaucracy, contributing to a division between the sociology of professions and organizations. During the past decade, various scholars have contested both the argument of conflict and the fruitfulness of division (Bourgeault, Hirschkorn, & Sainsaulieu...
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...Cuestionario Capitulo 6 1. Explique el método de costeo absorbente. Es el método más usado, tiene fines externos e incluso para tomar decisiones en la mayoría de las empresas latinoamericanas 2. ¿Cuáles son los fundamentos en que se apoya el costeo directo? El método de costeo directo garantiza que los costos fijos de producción se relacionan con la capacidad instalada y ésta, a su vez, está en función de un periodo determinado, pero jamás del volumen de producción. 3. Exponga las diferencias entre los dos métodos de valuación. •El sistema de costeo directo considera los costos fijos de producción como costos de periodo, Mientras que el costeo absorbente los distribuye entre las unidades producidas. •Para valuar los inventarios, el costeo directo sólo considera los costos variables; el costeo absorbente incluye tanto costos fijos como variables. Esto repercute en el balance general en la cuenta de inventarios, y en el estado de resultados en la de costo de ventas. •La forma de presentar la información en el estado de resultados. El estado de resultados absorbente lo hace desde una perspectiva meramente funcional, acomoda los costos de acuerdo con su importancia en las operaciones normales de la empresa: • Mientras que el costeo directo toma una perspectiva marginal Ventas – costos variables = margen de contribución – costos fijos = utilidad de operación • De acuerdo con el método de costeo absorbente, las...
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...The Reaction of Staff to the Effects caused by the Restructuring Exercise Restructuring may be regarded as a significant modification made to the debt, operations or structure of a company. This type of corporate action is usually made when there are significant problems in a company, which are causing some form of financial harm and putting the overall business in jeopardy. The hope is that through restructuring, a company can eliminate financial harm and improve the business. (Investopedia). Many may term restructuring to be an organizational change. According to George & Jones Organizational Change may be defined as the movement of an organization away from its present state and toward some desired future state to increase its effectiveness. Change is inevitable; because of this McNamara postulates that there as there are different types of organizational change these include: * planned versus unplanned, * organization-wide versus change primarily to one part of the organization * incremental versus transformational The Public Sector Transformational Unit was formed by the government to lead and facilitate the implementation of the restructuring of the ministries in the Public Sector; therefore one could make the assumption that this was a planned change. With this premise, JMAN Business Consultants have been acquired by the Public Sector Transformation Unit (PSTU) to highlight the effects of this restructuring exercise on the employees in the Education...
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...o 22INSTRUÇÕES DE PREENCHIMENTO DA DECLARAÇÃO DE RENDIMENTOS MODELO 22 (impresso em vigor a partir de 2012) DIRECÇÃO DE SERVIÇOS DO IMPOSTO SOBRE O RENDIMENTO DAS PESSOAS COLECTIVAS Divisão de Liquidação Indicações Gerais: 1. As presentes instruções DEVEM SER RIGOROSAMENTE OBSERVADAS, por forma a eliminar deficiências de preenchimento que, frequentemente, originam erros centrais e liquidações erradas. 2. A declaração modelo 22 deve ser apresentada pelos seguintes sujeitos passivos: entidades residentes, quer exerçam ou não, a título principal, atividade de natureza comercial, industrial ou agrícola; entidades não residentes com estabelecimento estável em território português; entidades que não tenham sede nem direção efetiva em território português e neste obtenham rendimentos não imputáveis a estabelecimento estável aí situado, desde que, relativamente aos mesmos, não haja lugar a retenção na fonte a título definitivo, sem prejuízo do disposto no n.º 8 do artigo 117.º do CIRC. 3. Conforme previsto na portaria n.º 1339/2005, de 30 de dezembro, a declaração é obrigatoriamente entregue por transmissão eletrónica de dados (internet). 4. A declaração é enviada, anualmente, até ao último dia do mês de maio independentemente de esse dia ser útil ou não útil e para os sujeitos passivos com período especial de tributação, até ao último dia do 5º mês posterior à data do termo desse período, independentemente de esse dia ser útil ou não útil, conforme n...
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...Madrid Tels.: 91.349 51 29 / 4968 / 4000 Fax.: 91.349 44 85 www.mityc.es NIPO: 701-10-029-1 D. L.: M-17578-2010 Papel: Exterior: Estucado mate reciclado (65.92/250) Interior. Offset reciclado (45.64/90) Impresión: CP/MITYC ECPMITYC: 2ª/Ed./2.000/0410 EUAEVF: 0,00 € ÍNDICE 1. Constitución de una empresa 2. Tipos de empresas 3. Empresario individual 4. Colectividades sin personalidad jurídica: Comunidad de Bienes Sociedad Civil 5. Personalidad jurídica. Sociedades Mercantiles A) Sociedad Colectiva B) Sociedad Comanditaria Simple C) Sociedades de Capital Sociedad Comanditaria por Acciones Sociedad Anónima Sociedad Limitada Sociedad Limitada Nueva Empresa 6. Sociedades Mercantiles Especiales Sociedad Cooperativa Sociedad Laboral (Limitada y Anónima) Sociedades de Garantía Recíproca Sociedades de Capital-Riesgo Agrupaciones de Interés Económico 7. Descripción de los trámites para la creación de empresas Anexo I. Cuadros resumen de trámites administrativos 5 7 10 14 14 16 17 17 20 23 23 25 29 34 38 38 43 48 50 52 56 69 CONSTITUCIÓN DE UNA EMPRESA 1 CONSTITUCIÓN DE UNA EMPRESA El proceso de constitución y puesta en marcha de una empresa es una tarea algo ardua, no por su complejidad, sino por la laboriosidad de la tramitación para formalizar dicha constitución. En este documento vamos a tratar de exponer lo más claramente posible los pasos a seguir, uno a uno, desde la decisión de la forma jurídica a adoptar, hasta el inicio de la actividad. A la hora de decidir crear una empresa...
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