...Every state is responsible for administering a parole system (Bohm & Haley, 2014). Parole boards are a panel of 5 to 7 individuals, appointed by state governors, and they are responsible for deciding whether an offender should be released from prison after serving at least a minimum of portion of their sentence (Bohm & Haley, 2014). They are also responsible for managing the parole release process and making the decision to terminate a parolees’ supervision (Bohm & Haley, 2014). When an offender is up for parole, the parole board meets to review documents, review the parolees’ release plan, review the preparole report, hear and/or review victims’ statements, and have an oral hearing with the inmate requesting parole (Bohm & Haley, 2014)....
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...Job Analysis Amanda Anderson PSY/435 June 23, 2014 Stephanie Johnson Job Analysis There are many jobs that an individual may pursue when they obtain a degree in psychology. One such job is parole officer. This paper will provide insight on the functional job analysis of a parole officer, discuss how a functional job analysis can be used within the organization, evaluate the reliability and validity of a functional job analysis, evaluate different performance appraisal methods and how they may be applied to a parole officer, and will conclude by explaining the various benefits and vulnerabilities of each performance appraisal method concerning the job of a parole officer. Functional Job Analysis The functional job analysis uses both observation and interviews to provide a description of a job and scores on several dimensions concerning both the job and potential workers. These dimensions apply to all jobs so that the procedure can compare them. This process helps to set the recommendations for the job outline. Candidates for the parole officer position should meet the job requirements. The job analysis identifies all of the specific tasks required to perform the job, and then all of the specific knowledge skills and abilities required to perform each task are identified (Spector, 2012). The minimum requirements for a parole officer position in most counties and states include a bachelor’s degree, and that the candidate is at least 20 years old. Federal positions...
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...For this research and analysis paper we were assigned Section VII and VIII in the Corrections textbook by Stohr et al. Section VII (seven) covers parole and the reentry of prisoners. Section VIII (eight) elaborates on the experiences of the correctional staff members. I found these two equally important yet interestingly contradictory ideas to cover together. Both sections are full of information and relates well with the extra research on the specific topics. Summary and Analysis: The introductory information contain in Section VII was relating origin and history of parole. What was interesting that I did not know previously is that we adopted the term parole from the French, and it means “word of honor”. This was quite an icebreaker from the authors introducing what parole truly should be. I hadn’t truly thought about the fact that parole is still a somewhat new concept just 170 years old. I state that the parole concept still is somewhat new, because the correctional concepts in previous chapters that we have read about reach farther back into history than parole does. Parole was concept that was just introduced into correctional community around the 1840’s...
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...Critical Analysis The issue of cruel and unusual punishment towards juvenile life without parole is one that needs to be addressed. The facts stated earlier in this paper have given more than enough reason to abolish life without parole sentences for juveniles. It has been argued in Graham v. Florida that because juveniles have a weak capacity to comprehend their behavior and actions, the punishment of life without parole might not be an effective deterrent from engaging in criminal conduct. Some states have already abolished juvenile mandatory life without parole as they have all found it to be cruel and unusual punishment. Many groups and advocates against life without parole for juveniles have seen this as a step in the right direction,...
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...Criminal Defense Attorney A criminal defense attorney is responsible for defending individuals who are charged with crimes and felonies. They represent their clients in the court of law and speak on their behalf. A criminal lawyer must hold a juris doctorate and an attorney’s license in order to practice criminal law. Experience in criminal law is advisable before obtaining a position as a criminal lawyer. Throughout their careers, criminal lawyers often seek out additional training and continuing education programs to sharpen and expand their legal skills. However, significant clinical experience may be equated with some criminal law experience for a recent graduate. Or, participation in internships, volunteer positions or part-time jobs with public defenders and prosecutor offices can be the necessary work experience required. They can either be directly approached by a client or designated by the court of law to do so. Once the attorney has contacted the client, it is his responsibility to extract all the details of the charges filed against the client; collect the information related to the case and then prepare a strong defense that will help acquit the defendant in the court of law. This may sound simpler than it actually is as criminal law itself is quite intricate and difficult to grasp. To build a strong case for his client, a criminal defense attorney has to collect information from a number of sources such as the police, the investigators involved in the case as...
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...head: YOUNG OFFENDERS Young Offenders Carol Welles Coker College Abstract Youth offenders are those persons charged with serious crimes who are usually under a specified age. Every nation has its own policy about dealing with young offenders. In the United States, each state has its own juvenile offender standards. The treatment of juvenile offenders in the United States has been uncertain, uneven, and controversial since colonial times. Recently the United States Supreme Court changed the juvenile justice system by declaring the frequently applied life without parole sentence to be unconstitutional. Juvenile justice systems have been forced to rethink options for punishment for youth offenders convicted of a serious crime. The juvenile justice system has developed new approaches and new methods of rehabilitating juveniles whose crimes previously may have merited the life without parole sentence. Rehabilitation through education has replaced incarceration in most newly revamped governmental policies at the state level. Several organizations in Europe and the United States have developed in the last few years devoted to liberalizing juvenile justice policies throughout the western world. The definition of a young offender is universal. A young offender is a person within a specified age range who commits a criminal offense. A variation in the specified age for a young offender is the main difference between a young offender in Abu Dhabi and a young offender...
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...Job Analysis Paper PSY/435 Job Analysis Paper Job Analysis of Probation Officers This paper will provide some insight on the functional job analysis for a probation officer, it will discuss how a functional job analysis can be used within this organization, it will go on to evaluate the reliability and validity of a functional job analysis, this paper will also evaluate different performance appraisal methods and how they might be applied to a probation officer, this paper will conclude by explaining the various benefits and vulnerabilities of each performance appraisal method concerning the job of a probation officer. Probation Officer: Functional Job Analysis The selection method for probation officials utilizing the functional job evaluation is very important. The functional job evaluation consists of observation and selection interviews; it assists to set recommendations for the job outline. Rapport shared with probation/parole and a functional job evaluation is the least complicated. The job requirements for a probation officer candidate should satisfy the requirements. At the least a bachelor’s qualification in social work, criminal justice, psychology, or a relevant study is needed for certification (Education Portal. 2011). Nevertheless, much more information by way of functional job evaluation assists to decide eligibility needs to work for the Department of Corrections. In the state of Delaware I/O psychiatrists have evolved physical, psychological, medical...
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...but worse. Is it really cruel and unusual to sentence life without parole to juveniles? Juveniles that commit extremely bad crimes should not be punished; who in their right mind thinks they should not be punished? Is life in prison with or without parole a better option for juveniles? It all comes down to what the juvenile did, and if the juvenile and the adult made the same mistake, they should get the same punishment. It should always be fair between adults and juveniles; there is no difference because they made the same mistake, a crime is a crime. To begin with, can juveniles really learn from their mistakes? Some juveniles can and others can't. Well how will the court make the right decision? For example a juvenile gains trust from the court and gets out of jail early but when they exactly get out of jail they go to a party and kill someone. It is the juveniles responsibility to not get in trouble because they have to be role models for the next generation of juveniles and be the adults. Juveniles can learn from their mistakes but there are always the juveniles that lose the opportunity of being out of jail by committing another crime when out jail. Why do the crime if you don't want to do the time? No one makes someone to harm anybody its themselves who do. Why do people think that equal and fair punishments are bad? It is not cruel and unusual to punish juveniles life in prison without parole. Let's say the adult and the juvenile commit the same crime it should...
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...today's most hotly debated topics in the criminal justice field is whether or not individual states should abandon the parole system. Many people feel it is time to do away with parole, while others are fighting for its survival. As with any controversial change, there are pros and cons to both sides of the argument, all of which are very convincing. The basic arguments for and against the abolition of the parole system at the state level can be easily defined. One of the strongest arguments against the destruction of the parole system is the overpopulation problem in most prisons. Since the early 1980's, the population of inmates in correctional institutions has grown astronomically. Between 1986 and 1991, prisons have seen a 41% increase in the population of violent crime offenders. For drug related offenses, the number has increased three-fold. So it would make sense to argue that eliminating parole would make this problem even worse, right? Well, not exactly. Inmate populations are so extreme, that prisoners are sitting on waiting lists. When an inmate is released from prison, the vacant spot is filled instantaneously. In this respect, the parole system is actually doing nothing to fix the overpopulation problem, and increasing operating costs. This was illustrated when between 1976 and 1984, 10 states passed new laws that included the abolition of parole. Only one state, Indiana, had an increase in inmate population. In fact, Minnesota and Washington State both had major...
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...Endnotes 1. Mauer, M. (2006). Race to Incarcerate. 2nd Ed. New York: The New Press, p. 13. 2. Throughout this manual, we use terms such as “racial groups” and “minorities” interchangeably, with an understanding that many, but not necessarily all, of the dynamics of the criminal justice system apply to various racial and ethnic groups. 3. Leinfelt, F. H. (2006). Racial Influences on the Likelihood of Police Searches and Search Hits: A Longitudinal Analysis from an American Midwestern City. Police Journal, 79(3): 238–257. 4. Office of Justice Systems Analysis (1995). Disparities in Processing Felony Arrests in New York State: 1990–1992, Office of Justice Systems Analysis, New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services. 5. Sabol, W. J., and Couture, H. (2008). Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007. Washington, D.C. Bureau of Justice Statistics. 6. U.S. Census Bureau (2007). 2006 American Community Survey. Available online at: http://www.census.gov/acs/ www/index.html. 7. Sabol and Couture, op. cit. 8. U.S. Census Bureau, op. cit. 9. Bonczar, T. P. (2003). Prevalence of Imprisonment in the U.S. Population, 1974–2001. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Justice Statistics. 10. Snyder, H. (2006). Juvenile Arrests 2004. OJJDP Bulletin: Washington, D.C.: National Disproportionate Minority Contact Databook. 11. Federal Bureau of Investigation (2007). Crime in the United States, 2006. Washington, D.C. 12. Spohn, C. (2001). Thirty Years of Sentencing Reform: The Quest...
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...Assignment 3: Probation and Punishment Dedra Clark Strayer University Professor Berry 8 March, 2016 This paper was prepared for CRJ100 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis of probation and prison programs and amenities Introduction Classification plays a crucial role in parole and the probation process by deciding the type of rehabilitative strategy that the offender has to adapt to in the process of correction. Classification systems were utilized after sentencing in order to appropriately determine and plan the offender’s treatment and management. This paper will analyze a probation case study, ISP programs, and prison programs and amenities. Review of Kris’ file At the age of 13 years, Kris was given probation because of being involved in a battery case. He was arrested for trespassing during his juvenile probation hence accorded additional time in probation as a consequence of his actions. He is currently 25 years old and has completed his probation successfully. He however has a recent adult conviction for which he is being sentenced. My findings equate to Robert’s findings which elaborate that parole boards determine when an offender is rehabilitated from crime and ready to rejoin liberal society. Our findings additionally agree on the fact that it is the work of supervising officers to advice parolees and probationers besides ensuring that the recommended interventions are being undertaken. The role of classification...
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...Opinion over Christopher Pittman’s Adult Trial Verdict Name Professor Institution Date Just to quote Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. words, “injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere”. Human beings are not entirely fit. Thus judges just like any other human being are bound to make mistakes in dispensing justice. However, Judges are obliged to be ever watchful and mindful in their endeavors of delivering justice. Every day, all over US judges dispense justice to convicted persons and defendants. However, absolute justice ideally is hardly realizable across board since its effectiveness demands human infallibility. Although it might be even harder to reap justice, justice is achievable and pursuit for justice remains a noble order. In this case, a 12 years old boy, Christopher Pittman from the state of South Carolina on February 15, 2005 shot his two grandparents using his father’s shotgun while they lay on their beds, he then set the house on fire, drove his grandparents truck and fled with cash and weapons in his possession. The petitioner, Pittman was only 12 years of age when he committed this malicious acts. He was charged with premeditated murder and put on an adult court for trial. Christopher Pittman’s defense team claimed that young Christopher Pittman remained an innocent child because he still could not differentiate what was right or wrong while under influence of Zoloft, an antidepressant. The defense urged the court to consider Pitman a child thus unable...
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...bearing on our sense of “truth” at all. Post-structuralism is a response to structuralism. (Stoney, 112) b) Review the basic ideas structuralism takes from Saussure's work, and its basis in his concepts of langue and parole. The French words, langue, language or tongue and parole, speech are concepts by Ferdinand de Saussure and deal with general Linguistics or grammar. (Stoney, 113) According to remember to use text in answer) Structuralism focuses on the way human behavior is not an autonomous choice but shaped by underlying structures. (Stoney, 112) Structuralists tend to not doubt the existence of “reality,” that is some material, human, or social- economic bedrock that lies under an idea. Structuralism is an intellectual movement that was developed in Europe from the early to mid-20th century. (Stoney, 113) It argued that human culture may be understood by means of a structure or organization that is modeled on language. (Stoney, 115) Poststructuralists, on the other hand, do doubt the existence of reality, or at the very least they emphasize the Saussure langue is the method of speaking and parole is the individual sound of langue. (Stoney,113) Saussure suggested that meaning was to be found within the structure of a whole language rather than in the analysis of individual words. Psychoanalysts attempted to describe the structure of the mind in terms of an unconscious. In the 1960's, the structuralist movement, based in France, attempted to synthesize the ideas Saussure....
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...Substance Use and Sexual Behavior Among Men Prior to Parole Revocation: Prevalence and Correlates David Wyatt Seal, Michelle Parisot and Wayne DiFranceisco J Correct Health Care published online 14 March 2012 DOI: 10.1177/1078345811435322 The online version of this article can be found at: http://jcx.sagepub.com/content/early/2012/03/12/1078345811435322 A more recent version of this article was published on - May 10, 2012 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: National Commission on Correctional Health Care Additional services and information for Journal of Correctional Health Care can be found at: Email Alerts: http://jcx.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://jcx.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Version of Record - May 10, 2012 >> OnlineFirst Version of Record - Mar 14, 2012 What is This? Downloaded from jcx.sagepub.com by guest on January 2, 2013 Substance Use and Sexual Behavior Among Men Prior to Parole Revocation: Prevalence and Correlates David Wyatt Seal, PhD1, Michelle Parisot, MA1, and Wayne DiFranceisco, MA1 Journal of Correctional Health Care 00(0) 1-9 ª The Author(s) 2012 Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1078345811435322 http://jcx.sagepub.com Abstract Men’s risk behavior during a 3-month period prior to parole revocation was assessed. Frequent alcohol use was higher...
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...II. Defendant # 1 Manny Ramirez Age: 21 * Criminal History * Disordering Conduct, Sentenced to 30 days in jail, one year probation (1) * Possession of Marijuana, Sentenced to 60 days in jail, 2 years probation (2) * Theft by shoplifting, Sentenced to 60 days in jail, one year probation (2) * Total Criminal History (7) * Current Offense (Base Offense Level and Total Offense Level) * Manny Ramirez was taken into custody with possession with intent to distribute more than 1, but less than 3, kilograms of marijuana. The undercover officer who made the arrest reported Ramirez having a loaded 9mm handgun on his person. * According to the §2D1.1 Guidelines Manual, at least 1 KG but less than 2.5 KG of Marijuana , results in a Base Offense Level (10) * Possession of a dangerous weapon increases this by 2 levels * Total Offense Level (12) * Guideline Range of Imprisonment 21-27 months Defendant #2 Martha Stewart Age: 42 * Criminal History * Operating a Vehicle While Intoxicated, sentenced to 30 days in jail, 2 years probation. (1) * Prostitution, all jail time suspended, placed on probation for one year. (0) * Total Criminal History (3) * Current Offense (Base Offense Level and Total Offense Level) * Martha Stewart was arrested for the distribution of more than 10, but less than 15 grams of cocaine base crack...
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