...Job Analysis Amanda Anderson PSY/435 June 23, 2014 Stephanie Johnson Job Analysis There are many jobs that an individual may pursue when they obtain a degree in psychology. One such job is parole officer. This paper will provide insight on the functional job analysis of a parole officer, discuss how a functional job analysis can be used within the organization, evaluate the reliability and validity of a functional job analysis, evaluate different performance appraisal methods and how they may be applied to a parole officer, and will conclude by explaining the various benefits and vulnerabilities of each performance appraisal method concerning the job of a parole officer. Functional Job Analysis The functional job analysis uses both observation and interviews to provide a description of a job and scores on several dimensions concerning both the job and potential workers. These dimensions apply to all jobs so that the procedure can compare them. This process helps to set the recommendations for the job outline. Candidates for the parole officer position should meet the job requirements. The job analysis identifies all of the specific tasks required to perform the job, and then all of the specific knowledge skills and abilities required to perform each task are identified (Spector, 2012). The minimum requirements for a parole officer position in most counties and states include a bachelor’s degree, and that the candidate is at least 20 years old. Federal positions...
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...The process of reintegration and pains of re-entry: The interview of Glen Flett (a co-founder of Long-term Inmates Now is the Community) and Robbie Robidoux tell more on the re-entry and reintegration. According to Flett, he started engaging in petty crime while at a tender age with stealing things like cigarettes (Griffiths, n.d.). Living in a marginalized area, youths were impactful to their decision making and the risk factors could not be avoided by all means. Furthermore, Kim Polowek, (a former probation officer and a tutor in the University) underlines that a better understanding of the re-entry process has the families, professionals, and friends helping inmates adjust to the normal lives (Griffiths, n.d.). It is the society that changes the perception that can have the offenders feel wanted....
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...Assignment 3: Probation and Punishment Dedra Clark Strayer University Professor Berry 8 March, 2016 This paper was prepared for CRJ100 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis of probation and prison programs and amenities Introduction Classification plays a crucial role in parole and the probation process by deciding the type of rehabilitative strategy that the offender has to adapt to in the process of correction. Classification systems were utilized after sentencing in order to appropriately determine and plan the offender’s treatment and management. This paper will analyze a probation case study, ISP programs, and prison programs and amenities. Review of Kris’ file At the age of 13 years, Kris was given probation because of being involved in a battery case. He was arrested for trespassing during his juvenile probation hence accorded additional time in probation as a consequence of his actions. He is currently 25 years old and has completed his probation successfully. He however has a recent adult conviction for which he is being sentenced. My findings equate to Robert’s findings which elaborate that parole boards determine when an offender is rehabilitated from crime and ready to rejoin liberal society. Our findings additionally agree on the fact that it is the work of supervising officers to advice parolees and probationers besides ensuring that the recommended interventions are being undertaken. The role of classification...
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...Opinion over Christopher Pittman’s Adult Trial Verdict Name Professor Institution Date Just to quote Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. words, “injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere”. Human beings are not entirely fit. Thus judges just like any other human being are bound to make mistakes in dispensing justice. However, Judges are obliged to be ever watchful and mindful in their endeavors of delivering justice. Every day, all over US judges dispense justice to convicted persons and defendants. However, absolute justice ideally is hardly realizable across board since its effectiveness demands human infallibility. Although it might be even harder to reap justice, justice is achievable and pursuit for justice remains a noble order. In this case, a 12 years old boy, Christopher Pittman from the state of South Carolina on February 15, 2005 shot his two grandparents using his father’s shotgun while they lay on their beds, he then set the house on fire, drove his grandparents truck and fled with cash and weapons in his possession. The petitioner, Pittman was only 12 years of age when he committed this malicious acts. He was charged with premeditated murder and put on an adult court for trial. Christopher Pittman’s defense team claimed that young Christopher Pittman remained an innocent child because he still could not differentiate what was right or wrong while under influence of Zoloft, an antidepressant. The defense urged the court to consider Pitman a child thus unable...
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...with highway patrol, investigations, and emergencies that extend beyond the control and power of local law enforcement agencies (2008, Matrix Group). Whereas, the local law enforcement agencies, their goals and objectives lie in municipal, county, tribal and regional police. The biggest challenges that federal, state and local law enforcement agencies face is following the correct procedure. Procedural Criminal Law are specific rules and laws that govern how criminal laws administered. It sets forth a standard in how situations are to be handled from the investigation stage of a crime, down to the arrest, trial, and the sentencing of the defendant. Due Process also falls under this category, as this is a process that must be followed before a person can be legally deprived of their life, liberty, or property. Due process is a characteristic of law that requires the state and its officers to respect any and all rights that are owed to an individual. Then there is Equal Protection, which is a provision in the law that states that all people should be treated fairly and equally with respect to the practice dealt with by the law (pg.37). The roles of the federal, state, and local court systems with respect to the public safety and civil rights all basically boil down to being the guardians of civil...
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...of the dynamics of the criminal justice system apply to various racial and ethnic groups. 3. Leinfelt, F. H. (2006). Racial Influences on the Likelihood of Police Searches and Search Hits: A Longitudinal Analysis from an American Midwestern City. Police Journal, 79(3): 238–257. 4. Office of Justice Systems Analysis (1995). Disparities in Processing Felony Arrests in New York State: 1990–1992, Office of Justice Systems Analysis, New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services. 5. Sabol, W. J., and Couture, H. (2008). Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007. Washington, D.C. Bureau of Justice Statistics. 6. U.S. Census Bureau (2007). 2006 American Community Survey. Available online at: http://www.census.gov/acs/ www/index.html. 7. Sabol and Couture, op. cit. 8. U.S. Census Bureau, op. cit. 9. Bonczar, T. P. (2003). Prevalence of Imprisonment in the U.S. Population, 1974–2001. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Justice Statistics. 10. Snyder, H. (2006). Juvenile Arrests 2004. OJJDP Bulletin: Washington, D.C.: National Disproportionate Minority Contact Databook. 11. Federal Bureau of Investigation (2007). Crime in the United States, 2006. Washington, D.C. 12. Spohn, C. (2001). Thirty Years of Sentencing Reform: The Quest for a Racially Neutral Sentencing Process. In W. Reed & L. Winterfield (Eds.), Criminal Justice 2000 (Vol. 3, pp. 566). Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Justice. 13. King, R. (2008). Disparity by Geography: The War on Drug in America’s Cities...
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...transferred to the adult court system under the waiver provision. Even more surprisingly and depending on the jurisdiction, children as young as thirteen can find themselves in the clutches of the adult court system. Once these children enter the adult system, there is a possibility that a myriad of punishments can be received for their crimes. Of these punishments, life without the possibility of parole (LWOP) appears to be the most stringent and the hardest to swallow. According to a Juvenile Life Without Parole Fact Sheet, “A LWOP sentence is the harshest sentence given short of execution. The sentence means that an individual will not be given the opportunity for parole review and is condemned to die in prison” (Citizens for Juvenile Justice, 2008). For some, the idea of having a child spend the rest of their natural lives behind bars for capital and even noncapital crimes can be daunting and unfair. For many young people, they are at the point in their young lives where they are still trying to figure out who they are and they willingly test certain boundaries. Life in prison without parole attempts to snuff out what little life they have just begun to build. However, many would also argue that if you are capable of doing adult crimes and are willing to accept the responsibility of the crime, then you are capable of serving adult time. But with the landmark Supreme Court decision of Roper v. Simmons in 2005, the sentence of death is no longer possible for juveniles under the age...
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...Life without Parole v. Capital Punishment in California Capital punishment is the focus of much controversy lately amongst Californians. In November, Proposition 43 gave California the option to eliminate capital punishment and convert current sentences to life without the possibility of parole. The vote against it won with only 53% of the vote. Over half the states in America favor the death penalty and apply it, while at least a dozen states have chosen not to implement it. As a resident of California, I believe that with our current fiscal crisis, it would be wise to convert current death penalty sentences to life without parole in an effort to save taxpayers millions of dollars. “Legal executions in California were authorized under the Criminal Practices Act of 1851” (History of capital punishment in California, 2010). Since that date, over 500 people have been executed by the state. California has gone through the transition from hangings, to the gas chamber, to lethal injection. In 2006, executions were put to a halt due to claims that the 3 combination lethal injection was cruel and unusual punishment. There are currently over 700 inmates, both men and women, who are waiting to be put to death. The death penalty system that we currently have in place is inactive. However, it is still costing taxpayers their money, and a large amount of it at that. California taxpayers, a considerable amount more per death row inmates than we do general population inmates. If...
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...Corrections built a prison in my hometown of Lancaster, California. Many of my friends applied for the five hundred job openings as a correctional officer. Although I was reluctant to apply for a career in such as a harsh environment within a state prison, these same friends convinced me to submit my application. After a rigorous twelve month hiring process coupled with a sixteen week academy, I was sworn in as a full time peace officer in April of 1994. As a peace officer, I was stationed at the Lancaster State Prison as a correctional officer. My leadership skills were negligible at this point in my career, as I only had attained entry level positions prior to the acceptance of this employment. Working as a correctional officer gave me the foundation of leadership as I supervised inmates on a daily basis. Effective communication with a diverse group informally enhanced my leadership skills. Inside the prison walls, the environment of “them versus us” is omnipresent. Breaking that barrier takes strong leadership skills coupled with an overall understanding of the inmate frame of mind. Four years later, I was promoted to Parole Agent and left the prison...
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...Does Employment Reduce Recidivism? Elliott Markson Do individuals who obtain employment upon release likely to stay crime-free or are they going to commit another crime? The main purpose of this research is explanatory. It is explanatory because researching the issues surrounding employment and recidivism should be able to explain behavioral changes, a change in social status, and the effects that employment has on the individuals released from prison. The main independent variable of this research question is whether or not the released inmate will be employed or not upon release. The main dependent variable is whether or not the individual will return to their criminal behavior or not. The unit of analysis we will be studying is individual ex-offenders. Our goal will be to learn something about the population that we are studying and to gather information to identify certain common traits. Observations will be made using the longitudinal study method. Observations will be stretched over an extended period of time, and made twice a year for five years. The notion that having a job reduces the probability of recidivism is suitably confirmed throughout criminological literature. Employment offers the essential earnings for survival, increases self-esteem, advances the connection to a community, and progresses the impression of belonging to a group. Consequently, even if locating employment is strenuous for ex-offenders, a policy that aids these individuals in gaining...
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...Sentencing Paper Joan Hamm CJA 234 October 12, 2015 Dennis Holder Sentencing Paper An analysis of the state and federal objectives of punishment are the consequences or penalties for a crime(s) that have been committed. The punishment ensures that the offender is adequately punished for the offences they are being accused of. The implementation of punishment is to prevent the criminal behavior by deterring the offender from committing similar offences. Usually punishment applies to the offender per the crime that has been committed (Hamilton, 2014). If the accused is a repeat offender of federal crime then they go to a federal prison, for almost every other crime the offender goes to a state prison. A prison-- whether it be state or federal, main objectives is preventing and controlling criminal behavior and acts. There are seven usual punishments depending on the judge’s and/or the jury’s decision at trial (Hamilton, 2014). The minimum sentences like Intensive supervision such as: parole, house arrest, probation, etc., Rehabilitation such as: counseling, drug rehab, restitution, community service, fines, etc. On the contrary, more sever punishments include: capital punishment and incarceration. This type of sentencing is imposed as a criminal sanction by a judicial authority. Mandatory minimums, such as: the three strikes laws and sentencing guidelines require specific sentences. It is done with little consideration of personal factors as it pertains to offenders, their...
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...Substance Use and Sexual Behavior Among Men Prior to Parole Revocation: Prevalence and Correlates David Wyatt Seal, Michelle Parisot and Wayne DiFranceisco J Correct Health Care published online 14 March 2012 DOI: 10.1177/1078345811435322 The online version of this article can be found at: http://jcx.sagepub.com/content/early/2012/03/12/1078345811435322 A more recent version of this article was published on - May 10, 2012 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: National Commission on Correctional Health Care Additional services and information for Journal of Correctional Health Care can be found at: Email Alerts: http://jcx.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://jcx.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Version of Record - May 10, 2012 >> OnlineFirst Version of Record - Mar 14, 2012 What is This? Downloaded from jcx.sagepub.com by guest on January 2, 2013 Substance Use and Sexual Behavior Among Men Prior to Parole Revocation: Prevalence and Correlates David Wyatt Seal, PhD1, Michelle Parisot, MA1, and Wayne DiFranceisco, MA1 Journal of Correctional Health Care 00(0) 1-9 ª The Author(s) 2012 Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1078345811435322 http://jcx.sagepub.com Abstract Men’s risk behavior during a 3-month period prior to parole revocation was assessed. Frequent alcohol use was higher...
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...focus more on the choice of where they dwell, their long-term success in society is more likely to be dependent on the social roles they have chosen to play, to the extent that they will engage in the community and they have been prepared for this purpose during their incarceration or institutionalization. Reentry can help reduce recidivism as well as assist those who have been previously incarcerated to begin leading law abiding lives once released into society. However, overtime the importance of prisoner reentry has been drastically lowered with less emphasis on helping those to prepare for their release and with post release community integration. As a result, the shortage of reentry programs and limited responsibility of probation or parole to assist in re-entry; the rate at which people return to prison or jail is high. Keywords: reentry, recidivism, institutionalization Re-Entry and Its Effects: Institutional and Post Release Those who are incarcerated do not only serve time inside their prison cell, they also serve time once...
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...Trials where the death penalty is a possible sentence have more legal requirements than non-death penalty trials, and therefore, cost more to fulfill these requirements. The requirements include costs for prosecuting and defense attorneys, interpreters, expert witnesses, court reporters, psychiatrists, secretaries, and jury consultants (“Costs of the…”) as well as “the necessity for two trials – one on guilt and one on sentencing” (Dieter). According to an article by the Death Penalty Information Center, “a non-profit organization serving the media and the public with analysis and information on issues concerning capital punishment in the United States” (“What’s New”), “the average cost of defending a trial in a federal death case is $620,932, about eight times that of a federal murder case in which the death penalty was not sought” (“Costs of the…”). Take the state of Washington for example. A study conducted by the University of Seattle determined that “in Washington each death penalty case cost an average of one million dollars more than a similar case where the death penalty was not sought (on average $3.07 million v. $2.01 million)” (“Costs of the…”). Similarly “since the death penalty’s reinstatement in Washington in 1981, Washington has carried out five executions, each costing an average twenty four...
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... Subtle Bias as a Social Construct In America May 28, 2012 Abstract An understanding of the subtle bias that affects our society is a form of humanistic deception. Although the norms in America appear to be uniform; we will see that biases are influenced by various social factors such as stereotype, prejudice, discrimination, and labeling including the Attribution Theory. This paper will compare and contrast scientific literature to gain more insight into the subtlety of this social construct. I am seeking not to understand the reason why we as social beings are bias, but to simply show that this distorted truth exist. Subtle Bias as a Social Construct In America My theory of unconscious bias along with the self-affirmation process that accompanies it clouds our worldview in our present society. We all do it no matter how accepting we appear to be or even claim to be. Irrational thoughts are usually based on a worldview that illustrates our interpretation of the world we live in (Wilson, 2001). This worldview is a set of assumptions and beliefs that we hold on to that guide our behavior. It helps us to make sense out of our lives. It determines what we think about human nature, causes of emotional issues, and where bias comes from (Entwistle, 2004). There is always some form of discriminatory behavior or covert prejudice prevailing within our essence. Unfortunately, there is a strong manipulative force who affects the relationship between self and our cognitive...
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