...can teach viewers violent behaviour/draw their attention to behaviours they wouldn’t have previously considered. Bandura (1983) used his Social Learning Theory to explain this. Watching violent role models may increase violent behaviour in those who are already motivated to behave aggressively. TV may also teach viewers the positive and negative consequences of behaving aggressively. Research on the role of observational learning from media in antisocial behaviour has shown: ‐ Bandura et al (1986): Children aged 3‐5 were shown films of a model behaving aggressively towards a “bobo doll”. The doll was hit, thrown, sat on and punched in the nose 3 times during the film. The children were then lead to laboratory containing toys (including the bobo doll), and were observed during free play. 88% of the children imitated the behaviour seen in the film‐ significantly more than a control group of children who did not see the film. ‐ Bobo dolls do not retaliate when hit. This raises questions as to how much this study tells us about the effect of media influences on antisocial behaviour towards other human beings. ‐ Smith et al (2004): The children’s behave would be better defined as “rough and tumble play” rather than aggression. ‐ Some have labelled Bandura’s study as artificial, as it was designed to study behaviours that children would not usually display. ‐ Johnston et al (1977): Children who behaved aggressively after observing an adult model were ...
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...to new social media on violent extremism. An integrative quantitative and qualitative approach Summary en kwantitatieve benadering/ Commissioners Promoter/coordinator Co-promoters Researchers Belspo FOD Binnenlandse zaken – Directe algemene veiligheid Lieven PAUWELS - UGent Fabienne BRION - UCL Brice DE RUYVER – Ugent Marleen EASTON - Ugent Nele SCHILS – Ugent Julianne LAFFINEUR - UCL 1 1. Introduction Research problem Worldwide, both policy and research pay a lot of attention to extremism, and radicalization as the process leading to extremism (Van de Linde & Rademaker, 2010). Scholars and policymakers increasingly focus on unravelling the processes of radicalisation, hoping to prevent the violent radicalisation of their own youth and eventually political violence (Van de Line & Rademaker, 2010). The Internet and its constant technological developments in particular are causes of concern (Conway, 2012). Recently, we have seen a boom in new social media (NSM) and other web 2.0 applications, bearing a large potential for communication and networking (Conway, 2012). These developments have transformed the world in an online village, with every offline actor being represented online. It is therefore no surprise that criminals, radicals, violent extremists and terrorists also use this medium to their advantage (Benschop, 2006; Stevens & Neuhmann, 2009; Weimann, 2004). By means of the Internet and NSM, violent extremist organisations...
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...From my understanding of this model, I will focus more on rewarding my workers skills and abilities than criticizing them as their leader. I will revere, encourage and value them and their opinions, to boost their statuses. I will also have them assess their performances than me. Autonomy, empowerment and a sense of control is something I intend to grant them in fulfilling their duties. I will rather tell them what I need done, than tell them how to do it--they should sort it out themselves, as best suited to them. By valuing their opinions, I believe I will make them feel safe, at home, and belonging to the group. I will try to establish relations with them, as little as possible, just to ensure the relatedness. I must be fair in my judgements, giving credit and penalties...
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...Psychology of Aggression & Violence: Aggression: Behavior perpetrated or attempted with the intention of harming another individual physically or psychologically or to destroy an object. Violence: Actual, attempted, or threatened physical harm that is deliberate and non-consenting: * Includes violence against victims who cannot give full, informed consent * Includes fear-inducing behavior, where threats may be implicit or directed at third parties Types of Aggression: Hostile (or expressive) aggression: Occurs in response to anger-inducing conditions, such as real or perceived insults, physical attacks, or one’s own failures. (Goal = to make victim suffer. Intense and disorganized emotion) Instrumental aggression: Begins with competition or the desire for some object or status possessed by another person. Goal = obtain desired object. No intent to harm, although indifferent. Violence as a Choice: The proximal cause of violence is a decision to act violently .The decision is influenced by a host of biological, psychological, and social factors .Neurological insult, hormonal abnormality, psychosis, personality disorder, exposure to violent models, attitudes that condone violence. Cognitive Models of Aggression: Most research supports the notion that human aggression is primarily learned (early learning and socialization). Hostile attribution bias: Individual’s prone to violence are more likely to interpret ambiguous actions as hostile and threatening Cognitive...
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...Written Assignment Unit 5 Non Violent Communication and SCARF Framework Computer Science, University of the People PSYC 1205: Emotional Intelligence Instructor: Alicia Clark 14 May 2024 As an ISFJ (Introverted, Sensing, Feeling, Judging), I'm a leader who values tradition, loyalty, and practicality. My leadership style is characterized by a deep sense of responsibility, attention to detail, and a strong commitment to the well-being of my team. I'm empathetic and nurturing, often putting the needs of others before my own. My desire to create a stable and harmonious environment will likely influence my decisions. I prioritize understanding and addressing the emotional needs of my team members, fostering a supportive and inclusive work culture, paying close attention to details, and being highly dependable, ensuring that tasks are completed accurately and on time. I value established methods and practices, and my loyalty to my team and organization inspires trust and respect....
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...Do Violent Video Games Lead to Real World Violence? ABSTRACT As our society becomes more reliant on technology and the mass media, the notion that the media may have a profound influence on people has become more prevalent. Research into Media Violence and its effects on values, beliefs and behaviour has been well documented over the past 50 years. This systematic review, looking at both research reports and other relevant literature relating to the topic explores whether or not violent video games lead to real world violence. This topic has been selected due to the unique participatory nature of this type of media. The review demonstrates the inconclusive nature of the research on this topic. It focuses on the short term and long term effects possible while also investigating the need to consider alternate explanations to violent behaviour in children and youth. The review concludes with suggestions for further research. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Children spend an increasing amount of time playing video games with the majority of them violent in nature (Huesmann, 2007). Players participate in and create the violence, often receiving reward for their violent behaviors rather than negative consequences (Funk, Baldacci, Pasold & Baumgardner, 2004). The area of violent video games in regards to Media Violence is relatively new with somewhat limited research as video games have only been available to the general population since the 1980s. It is however in...
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...www.ijird.com October, 2013 Vol 2 Issue 10 ISSN: 2278 – 0211 (Online) The Effect Of Domestic Violence Films On The Youth: An Excursion Of Media Violence Theories and Persuasion Theories Dr. Ajilore Head Of Department, Department Of Mass Communication, Babcork University, Ilisan ,Ogun State, Nigeria Ojo Titiloye Oyeyinka Lecturer, Department Of Mass Communication, Tai Solarin University Of Education, Ijagun ,Ogun, Nigeria Nwaolikpe Onyinyechi Nancy Department Of Mass Communication, Babcork University, Ilisan ,Ogun State, Nigeria Akinreti Qassim Olalere Head, Foreign Desk, Voice Of Nigeria And Part-Time Lecturer, Nigerian Institute Of Journalism, Ogba, Lagos, Nigeria Odegbenle Lateef Department Of Broadcast Media, Nigerian Institute Of Journalism, Ogba, Lagos, Nigeria Goke Rauf Head, Mass Communication, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria Jegede Omolayo Station Manager, Babcock University Radio Station And Lecturer, Department Of Mass Communication Babcock University, Ilisan,Ogun State, Nigeria Tsebee Asor Kenneth Department Of Mass Communication, Al Hikmah University, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Abstract: Several studies have been on the impact of media violence on aggressive and violent behavior. Researches on effect of media violence have proved that heavy exposure in films, videos, televisions and movies can increase the risk of behaving violently. This paper is an escursion of selected media violence theories -social learning theory, catharsis theory...
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...Violence in Video Games: Examining Violence and Competitiveness as Predictors of Verbal Aggressiveness Sean D. Badeer, Kathrine L. Lukes, Sarah A. Oltjenbruns, & Sergio D. Orozco Wayne State College Wayne, NE April 11, 2013 Abstract Violence in video games is the topic of much debate and controversy in the public arena. For this reason, it has been a heavily researched topic in areas of psychology and communication (Jeong, Biocca & Bohil, 2012). Much of the research on the topic examines the relationship between the violence in video games and aggression. However, despite the large community of research on the topic, researchers in communication have yet to examine the relationship between video game competitiveness and verbal aggression. Competiveness is a factor that must be considered if there is to be an accurate depiction of the impact of video games on aggressiveness (Adachi and Willoughby, 2011). The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of competitiveness and violence in video games on verbal aggressiveness. Furthermore, this study examines the relationship between verbal aggressiveness and attitudes toward violence. In the results of the study, the correlation between competitiveness and verbal aggressiveness was found to be significant. The correlation between video game violence and verbal aggressiveness was not significant. Furthermore, no significant correlation was...
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...Cognitive, Conscious, Energetic and Behavioral Impact of Violent Video Gaming Experiences Gabriel Aaron Dionne Strayer University English 215 December 11th 2011 Cognitive, Conscious, and Behavioral Impact of Violent Video Gaming Experiences “Nonviolence means avoiding not only external physical violence but also internal violence of spirit. You not only refuse to shoot a man, but you refuse to hate him.” Martin Luther King, Jr. Brainy Quote (2011) Identifies Violence as: The quality or state of being violent; highly excited action, whether physical or moral; vehemence; impetuosity; force. Injury done to that which is entitled to respect, reverence, or observance; profanation; infringement; unjust force; outrage; assault. Ravishment; rape; constupration. To assault; to injure; also, to bring by violence; to compel. This statement gives insight to the ideology of violence being compelled or brought about in an individual through excited actions. The level of violence in video games is astounding not to mention the level of realism which can totally encapsulate you in the gaming experience leaving you feel like that experience was real on a conscious, cognitive, and behavioral level. Long gone are my days of Mario bouncing on mushrooms these days it is assault rifles, hand grenades and tactical missile strikes. Entertainment Software Rating Board (n.d.) provides a list of potential violent behaviors that may be found within our children’s gaming experience and it...
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...The 1939 World’s Fair, held in New York City, offered commercial television to the U. S. public. Production of televisions was put on the back burner during the U. S. involvement of World War II, but almost immediately after the end of the war in 1945, the television market boomed. The number of households owning televisions went from 7,000 in 1945 to over 20 million in 1952. Early programs were influenced by programs that had once been on the radio, such as detective show “Dragnet” and Westerns like “The Lone Ranger.” There was fighting, shooting and dying on the programs, but it appeared unrealistic, and blood was never shown. Even though the violence was “mild”, many complained that the television producers went too far in the violent acts they were showing. So began the debate. As early as 1950, critics were protesting the content of many shows and were suggesting that those shows that did contain violence be aired late in the evening, when children were sleeping. Webster’s New World College Dictionary defines violence as 1. physical force used so as to injure, damage, or destroy; extreme roughness of action 2. intense, often devastatingly or explosively powerful force or energy, as of a hurricane or volcano 1 3. a) unjust or callous use of force or power, as in violating another’s rights, sensibilities, etc. b) the harm done by this 4. great...
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...Abstract Children and adolescents who engage in and antisocial behaviors repeatedly, exhibit a persistent pattern of antisocial behavior that significantly impairs everyday functioning in the contexts of the school, home and the community. Preventing and treating aggressive behaviors in children and youth encompasses a combination of cognitive, behavioral interventions, and parental training and increased school involvement and is targeted to the reduction of dysfunctional cognitive, behavioral, and problem-solving patterns of aggressive youths. Keywords: aggression, antisocial behavior, children, adolescence, conduct disorders, behavioral problems, development and intervention. Introduction The display of aggressive behaviors by children and youths in Trinidad and Tobago is one of the most pressing concerns facing parents and teachers today. As a result, students with significant behavioral concerns or educational disabilities are clustered together into alternative educational programs. As a result, increased inclusion of disturbed and socially maladjusted students, including those with histories of aggression and violence, is related to an overall increase in school aggression and violence. Aggressive antisocial behavior appears to be a developmental trait that begins early in life and often continues into adolescence and adulthood. For many youths, stable manifestations of antisocial behavior begin as early as pre-elementary school (Emond, Ormel, Veenstra, & Oldehinkel...
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...Cross on a night out when he was king hit for no reason by Kieran Loveridge (aged 18). The punch to the face knocked Kelly to the ground unconscious and he died 2 days later in hospital. This report seeks to understand why youth violence is so prevalent in Australia and review how it can be prevented. Youth Violence In Australia Youth violence is classified as the intentional use of physical force or power by a young person between the ages of 10 and 24, against another person, group, or community, with the behaviour likely to cause physical or psychological harm (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). According to the Australian Institute of Criminology (2012) the main culprits of violent crimes are males in the 15-19 year age group. Offenders by selected violent offences and age, 2010–11 (rate per 100,000 population) (Source: AIC) Violence has significant costs to society in the forms of medical costs, lost output and intangible losses. It is estimated by the AIC (2014) that the annual...
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... and can open up new worlds for kids, giving them a chance to travel the globe, learn about different cultures, and gain exposure to ideas that may never encounter in their own community. Shows with a prosocial message can have a positive effect on kids’ behavior; programs with positive role models can influence viewers to make positive lifestyle changes. However, the reverse can also be true: kids are likely to learn things from TV that parents don’t want them to learn. TV can affect kids’ health, behavior and family life in negative ways. The Amount of Violence on Television According to the renowned psychiatrist Karl Menninger, "We not only tolerate violence it is part of our life. Why over one third of our television programs use it for amusement. There are more than 200 million television sets in America. The average American watches over seven hours a day. For many children, this is more time than they spend in school. The world of television has been alternatively called entertainment and a vast wasteland. It serves as a model of the world around us. What kind of world does it depict? The message is often one of violence. In 1973, the Annenberg School of Communications at the University of Pennsylvania, devised a "violence profile" to measure the amount of violence shown on television. The analysts watched over 33 hours of entertainment programs in a sample week and monitored specific acts of violence. The results indicated that some violence was contained in...
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...Early in 1988, the outreach committee of Orange Park Presbyterian Church identified safe shelter and other services for victims of domestic violence in Clay County as a "critical and local need.” When the steering committee investigated the needs in Clay County concerning battered women and their children, they found the nearest shelter was Hubbard House in Duval County, and it was usually full. Even if a woman could get to Duval County, the services she needed to access in Clay County were located in Orange Park and Green Cove Springs and there was no regular bus service between Jacksonville and these cities. When checking the local statistics on domestic violence calls against the number of women actually sheltered in Hubbard House, it was discovered that women in Clay County weren't going to Hubbard House. Shelter was needed in Clay County! Quigley House is named in honor of Pansy Quigley, who lived in Green Cove Springs from 1912 to 1988, and who was well known in Clay County for her volunteer work. The mission of Quigley House was established as such: "to break the cycle of domestic abuse by providing crisis intervention, temporary shelter, protection, counseling, community education, and prevention programs." Quigley House Domestic Violence Shelter Green Cove Springs Clay County Florida Community Education at Quigley House is all about awareness and teaching as many people as possible how they can be a part of the solution to making every home in Clay County a safe place...
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...social networking, and t.v shows. Media violence researchers have concluded that there are several ways media violence influences a young persons' behavior. Passive media violence affects a young person through exposure to television violence in programs, movies or news that is only observed by the child or teen. Young children are also influenced negatively by interactive media violence, where they participate, like in video games or activities on the internet. "Even short term-exposure to violent television programs and film media, both can cause aggressive emotions and behavior serious enough to harm others," according to Department of Psychological Science. There are certain factors that will influence the degree that media violence has on the youth. The presence of these factors will moderate the negative behavioral actions of the affected child. For instance, depending upon the age of the viewer, previous displays of aggressiveness as well as the intelligence level can determine how violent media will have an influence. "In addition, the influence of parents, the child social environment or how the children perceives the media as realistic...
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