...Question 1 1. Which of the following measures is best for understanding how quickly a disease is occurring in a population? Answer | A. | prevalence | | B. | cumulative incidence | | C. | Incidence density | | D. | None of the above. | | E. | | 5 points Question 2 1. Dr. Breathright conducted a study to estimate the incidence of asthma among inner city children. She recorded the amount of follow-up person-time in the table below. The number of children diagnosed as a new case of asthma during the 12 month follow-up period was 15 cases. Which of the following equations could be used to correctly calculate incidence density for asthma in this study? Complete the table to help you determine the answer. Participant follow-up: | No. of participants | Number of Months of Observation per participant | Total Person-Months | | 100 | 12 | | | 90 | 11 | | | 65 | 8 | | | 50 | 7 | | | 10 | 5 | | Totals | 315 | 43 | | Answer | A. | 15 cases / 3110 person-months at-risk | | B. | 15 cases / 315 children at-risk | | C. | 315 cases / 3,110 person-months at-risk | | D. | None of the above | 5 points Question 3 1. In Newcity, TX, there were 70,000 women over age 25 years at the beginning of 2007. Of these women, 3,000 had breast cancer at the beginning of 2007. At the beginning of 2008, 25,000 of the women in the population are currently cancer free and are at-risk for postmenopausal breast...
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...with the kidneys. Root: Nephr/o - Kidney Prefix: None Suffix: Ology - A subject of study 2. Nephropathy - Kidney disease. Root: Nephr/o - Kidney Prefix: None Suffix: Pathy - Disease 3. Nephrosis - Non-inflammatory nephropathy. Root: Nephr - Kidney Prefix: None Suffix: Osis - Abnormal Condition 4. Nephritis - Inflammatory kidney disease. Root: Nephr - Kidney Prefix: None Suffix: Itis - Inflammation 5. Nephroptosis - Condition in which the kidney drops down into the pelvis. Root: Nephr/o - Kidney Prefix: None Suffix: Ptosis- Droop; Sag 6. Nephrocalcinosis - A disorder in which calcium levels in the kidneys are increased. Root: Calci/o - Calcium Prefix: Nephr/o - Kidney Suffix: Osis - Abnormal Condition 7. Nephromegaly - Enlargement of one or both kidneys. Root: Nephr/o - Kidney Prefix: None Suffix: Megaly - Enlargement 8. Nephralgia - Pain in the kidney. Root: Nephr - Kidney Prefix: None Suffix: Algia- Pain 9. Nephrectomy - Surgical removal of a kidney. Root: Nephr - Kidney Prefix: None Suffix: Ectomy - Surgical Removal 10. Nephroscopy - An endoscopic examination of the kidney. Root: Nephr/o - Kidney Prefix: None Suffix: Scopy - Visual Examination 11. Renopulmonary - Pertaining to the kidneys and the lungs. Root: Pulmon/o - Lung Prefix: Ren/o - Kidney Suffix: Ary - Pertaining to 12. Nephropexy - Surgical fixation of a floating or mobile kidney. Root: Nephr/o - Kidney Prefix: None Suffix: Pexy: Surgical fixation 13. Nephrotomy - Surgical...
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...source of health insurance? Employment disability?) She is a full time high school student. She works a part time job as a cashier at a local Food Lion. Her parents and grandparents help her financially. She receives health insurance from her parents. | Source and Reliability of Informant: Patient is very reliable and dependable. | Past Use of Health Care System and Health Seeking Behaviors: None | Present Health or History of Present Illness: Constipation | Past Health History | General Health: (Patient’s own words)Patient states she is in overall good health. | Allergies: (include food and medication allergies) Strawberries | Reaction: Hives | Current Medications:None | Last Exam Date: 4/2015 | Immunizations: All immunizations are up to date. | Childhood Illnesses: None | Serious or Chronic Illnesses: None | Past Health Screening (see “Well Young Adult Behavior Health Assessment History Screening” below) When she was 5 years old she had tubes placed in her ears due to recurrent ear infections. | Past Accidents or Injuries: None | Past Hospitalizations: None | Past Operations: Myringotomy | Family History(Specify which family...
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...Name: Student Number: UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO Faculty of Arts and Sciences APRIL 2011 EXAMINATIONS LMP301H1S DURATION: 2 HOURS Examination Aids: Non-programmable calculators are allowed Version A SECTION I – MULTIPLE CHOICE (88 marks) The 44 questions are of equal value (2 marks). Select the most correct answer for each question. 1. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding lipid biomarkers? i. ii. iii. iv. A. B. C. D. E. Total Cholesterol to HDL-C ratio is more sensitive for heart disease than cholesterol alone Elevated triglycerides are a defining criterion in metabolic syndrome Increase in lipoprotein(a) reflects accumulation of the small-dense form of LDL particles Measurement of Apo-A1 levels is useful in patients with metabolic syndrome at high risk i and ii i and iii iii and iv iv only All of the above (i, ii, iii and iv) 2. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding regulation of body water? A. B. C. D. E. Receptors in the hypothalamus respond to increased osmolality and stimulate thirst As the effective circulating volume increases, aldosterone secretion is suppressed Congestive heart failure may arise from volume overload of the circulatory system Anti-diuretic hormone stimulates the Na+/K+ transporter to retain sodium and water Angiotensin II stimulates vasoconstriction and sodium resorption in the kidney Page 1 of 15 Name: Student Number: 3. Given the following test results: sodium potassium chloride bicarbonate glucose...
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...Fat-soluble vitamins | Significant sources | Deficiency | Toxicity | Vitamin A * Retinol * Retinal * Retinoic acid * Carotenoid : beta-carotene (precursors)Functions : * Vision maintenance of cornea, epithelial cells, mucous membranes, skin; * bone and tooth growth; * reproduction; immunity | Retinol: fortified milk, cheese,cream, butter, fortified margarine, eggs, liverBeta-carotene: spinach and other dark leafy greens; broccoli, deep orange fruits (apricots, cantaloupe) and vegetables (squash, carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkin) | Diseases : Hypovitaminosis ASymptoms : Night blindness, corneal drying (xerosis), triangular gray spots on eye (Bitot’s spots), softening of the cornea (keratomalacia), and corneal degeneration and blindness (xerophthalmia); impaired immunity (infectious diseases); plugging of hair follicles with keratin, forming white lumps (hyperkeratosis) | Diseases : Hypervitaminosis ASymptoms : Chronic : Increased activity of osteoclastsb causing reduced bone density; liver abnormalities; birth defectsAcute : Blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, vertigo; increase of pressure inside skull, mimicking brain tumor; headaches; muscle incoordination | Vitamin D * ergocalciferol (vitamin D2): vitamin D derived from plants in the diet and made from the yeast and plant sterol ergosterol. * cholecalciferol (vitamin D3 or calciol): vitamin D derived from animals in the diet or made in the skin from 7-dehydrocholesterol, a precursor of cholesterol, with...
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...Health History and Screening of an Adolescent or Young Adult Client Save this form on your computer as a Microsoft Word document. You can expand or shrink each area as you need to include the relevant data for your client.    Nursing Diagnoses: Based on this health history and health screening, identify three nursing diagnoses that would be applicable for this client as well as your rationale for your selection of each nursing diagnosis. Include: One “actual” nursing diagnosis with rationale for choice of this diagnosis. One wellness nursing diagnosis with rationale for choice of this diagnosis. One “risk for” nursing diagnosis based on the health screening with rationale for choice of this diagnosis. © 2011. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Student Name: Beth Chiappara Date: October 16, 2014 Biographical Data Patient/Client Initials: AR Phone No: 951 244-6197 Address: 23055 Canyon Lake CA 92587 Birth Date: 02/14/89 Age: 25 Sex: Female Birthplace: Anaheim CA Marital Status: Married Race/Ethnic Origin: Caucasian Occupation: Financial Analyst Employer: University of California Riverside Financial Status: (Income adequate for lifestyle and/or health concerns. Is there a source of health insurance...
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...Health History and Screening of an Adolescent or Young Adult Client Save this form on your computer as a Microsoft Word document. You can expand or shrink each area as you need to include the relevant data for your client. Student Name: Shannon landrum | Date:04/08/16 | Biographical Data | Patient/Client Initials:VPL | Phone No:270-543-8411 | Address:1645 Fairview road Bremen key | Birth Date:02/16/06 | Age:16 | Sex:female | Birthplace: Greenville, KY | Marital Status: single | Race/Ethnic Origin: Caucasian | Occupation: student | Employer: none | Financial Status: (Income adequate for lifestyle and/or health concerns. Is there a source of health insurance? Employment disability?)Does not work, father provides insurance | Source and Reliability of Informant:parents | Past Use of Health Care System and Health Seeking Behaviors:Frequent checkups at primary physician | Present Health or History of Present Illness:tonsillitis | Past Health History | General Health: (Patient’s own words)Over all good health with frequent sore throats | Allergies: (include food and medication allergies) NKDA | Reaction: | Current Medications:Oral birth controlAmoxicillin BID x 7 days r/t tonsillitis | Last Exam Date:03/21/16 | Immunizations:Up to date, had at 15 | Childhood Illnesses: tonsillitis | Serious or Chronic Illnesses:Had RSV at age 13 months, reoccurring tonsillitis...
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...used for Functional foods. The term functional foods was first introduced in Japan in the mid-1980s and refers to processed foods containing ingredients that aid specific bodily functions in addition to being nutritious. The Institute of Medicine's Food and Nutrition Board (IOM/FNB, 1994), Japan defined functional foods as "any food or food ingredient that may provide a health benefit beyond the traditional nutrients it contains." Functional foods are foods that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition due to certain physiologically active components, which may or may not have been manipulated or modified to enhance their bioactivity. These foods may help prevent disease, reduce the risk of developing disease, or enhance health. Rapid advances in food science and technology, an aging population, the rapid rise in health care costs, and changing government marketing and labeling regulations have also had an impact on the functional foods market. Functional foods have been a part of Eastern cultures for centuries. Foods were used for medicinal purposes in traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda) as early as 1000 b.c. From ancient times, the Indians have used foods for both preventive and therapeutic health effects, a view that is now being increasingly recognized around the world. Table.1 Lists of Functional Foods with their Potential Health Benefits...
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...Spokes d. Moves e. Air 3.’Captain’ is related to ‘Soldier’ in the same way as ‘Leader’ is related to a. Chair b. Follower c. Party d. Minister e. Vote 4.’Skirmish’ is related to ‘War’ in the same way as ‘Disease’ is related to a. Infection b. Epidemic c. patient d. Medicine e. Death 5.’Tree’ is related to ‘Root’ in the same way as ‘Smoke’ is related to. a. Cigarette b. Fire c. Heat d. Chimney e. Wood 6.’Good’ is related to ‘Bad’ in the same way as ‘Smoke’ is related to a. Wall b. Pillar c. Terrace d. Window e. Floor 7.’Oval’ is related to ‘Circle’ in the same way as ‘Rectangle’ is related to a. Triangle b. Square c. Periphery d. Diagonal e. Pentagon 8.’Umpire’ is related to ‘March’ in the same way as ‘Judge’ is related to a. Court b. Lawyer c. Judgment d. Witness e. Law Suit 9.’Video’ is related to ’Cassettes’ in the same way as ‘Computer’ is related to 1|Page Competension ANALOGY a. Reels b. Recording c. Files d. Floppy e. None of these 10.’Museum’ is related to ‘Curator’ in the same way as ‘Prison’ is related to a. Warden b. Monitor c. Manager d. Jailor e. None of these 11.’Hour’ is related to ‘Second’ in the same way as ‘Tertiary is related to a. Ordinary b. Secondary c. Primary d. Intermediary e. None of these 12.’Fire’ is related to ‘Ashes’ in the same way as ‘Explosion’ is...
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...Management or Treatment |Surgical Setting |Prevention Activities |Prevention Setting | |1. Heart disease |Conventional & Alternative medicine: Vasodilator, Beta-blocker drugs, adrenergic, aspirin |Outpatient: Cardiologist office and home. |Angioplasty or even open heart surgery. |In patient: hospital. |Healthy eating, exercise, knowing family history, have annual cardiac screening done. |Outpatient: home, gym. | |2. Cancer |Radiation therapy, chemo therapy, Nutritional therapy. |Inpatient/outpatient: Hospital or Radiation outpatient clinics. |Tumor embolization, tumor removal, mastectomy, Surgical removal of infected organ or body part. |Inpatient: Hospital |Nutrition, don’t smoke, avoid prolonged times to sun, minimize red meat intake, know your family hx, have annual cancer screenings. |Outpatient: Home. | |3. Stroke (cerebrovascular diseases) |Ischemic: Clot-busting drugs immediately. Aspirin, warfarin, speech therapy, physical therapy. TIA stroke: very difficult to manage, attempt to control high blood pressure, reduce brain swelling. |Inpatient/outpatient: Hospital, rehabilitation center. |Carotid Endarterectomy, angioplasty, stent placement. |Inpatient: Hospital. |Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, exercise, and minimize foods with much fat, healthy eating overall. |Outpatient: Home, gym, support group organizations. | |4. Chronic lower respiratory diseases |Hot fluids: thin mucus in lungs. Have patient cough: excrete mucus from lungs. Echinacea,...
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...ourselves towards wait until one is within a loving marriage towards possess sex. Not alone is the church preaching abstinence, but already social institutes are also teaching students onto the advantage of abstinence. Premarital sex is a growing, and important issue. Premarital sex is ordinarily the cause of sexually transmit diseases, teen pregnancy, and deep, emotions of regret. Sexually transmit diseases flourish within a citizen of premarital sex, where teens have many sex partners. A organize influence of this, is STD's becoming many ample among the population. One reason for the plague of STD's is the misuse of contraceptives via teens. Many teens believe that condoms, or the pill prohibit the location of herpes, AIDS, or else diseases, but within fact, they do not cease the location, and no whereas do the fruit state that they do cease the location of STDs. Three million novel cases of sexually transmit diseases among teens are reported each year. Many teens that believe nobody is wrong within devoting premarital sex possess intercourse with many contrary teens across the ages of 15 and 19, and approach the chance of allocating sexually transmit diseases each time. With sexual intercourse onto the rise with tall institute students, and its receipt among the social, even many teens are having sex now, towards the focus that every eleven seconds a teen has sex for their former time. Seventy out of hundreds of these students say they were meaningful towards the social pressured...
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...Case Study 2: Hyperlipidemia Scenario R.M. is an active 61-year-old man who works full time for the postal service. He walks 3 miles every other day and admits he doesn’t eat a “perfect diet.” He enjoys 2 or 3 beers q HS (every night), he uses stick margarine, eats red meat 2 or 3 times per week, and is a self-professed “sweet eater.” His cardiac history includes a recent inferior myocardial infarction (MI) and a heart catheterization revealing 3-vessel disease: in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, a proximal 60% lesion; in the right coronary artery (RCA), proximal 100% occlusion with thrombus; and a circumflex with 40% to 60% diffuse ectatic lesions. A stent was deployed to the RCA and reduced the lesion to 0% residual stenosis. He has had no need for nitroglycerin (NTG). Six weeks after his MI and stent deployment, he had a fasting advanced lipid profile. The results were total cholesterol 188 mg/dl, HDL 34 mg/dl, triglycerides 176 mg/dl, LDL 98 mg/dl, pattern B LDL typing at 19 nm, homocysteine 18 mg/dl, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HS CRP) 12 mg/dl, fasting blood glucose (FBG) 101 mg/dl, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 1.04 mg/dl. Total Cholesterol 60 34 Triglycerides 45-155 176 LDL 5% and greater than placebo) of niacin are flushing, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, increased cough, and pruritus. Flushing (warmth, redness, itching, and/or tingling of the skin) may vary in severity and is more likely to occur with initiation of therapy...
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...baby’s genes (karyotype) □ Regular weight, blood pressure, and glucose checks during pregnancy □ uses a marker analysis to find out if she has and inherited altered genes that cause breast cancer (BRCA2 mutation) □ Routine cancer screenings Other Information: □ Blood type; O+ □ Slightly over weight □ Walks 2 miles every day □ works as a dental hygienist □ Vigilant about proper parental care □ at risk of developing breast cancer □ Had blood tested to be a possible donor for Diana Jones (sister) James Smith: □ Age: 41 □ Married to Judy Smith Medical History: □ Vaccines □ Routines cancer screenings Medical interventions: □ None Sue Smith: □ Age: 18 □ Daughter of James and Judy smith □ Sister to Mike and Carter Smith Medical History: □ Mild asthma □ Broken ankle (age 11) □ Bacterial meningitis (neisseria meningitis bacterial infection) Medical Interventions: □ Had infant vaccines □ Diagnostic test of sues blood, urine, and lymph as well as a DNA sequencing (BLAST) to diagnose her bacterial meningitis □ Took ibuprofen for headaches when she had early symptoms of bacterial meningitis □ ELSIA testing □ Antibiotics for bacterial meningitis □ Visit with audiologist to have hearing checked □ Routine cancer screenings □ Had a blood...
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...For 40 years while doctors observed the ravages of the disease, from blindness to dementia and even early death, none of the men infected were ever told they had the disease, and none were treated with penicillin even after the antibiotic became proven for the treatment of syphilis. The research subjects never asked any questions or had any concerns because they were very poor and uneducated and were offered incentives such as free medical care, meals and free burial service for participating in the study. The men were chosen by researchers because they were black, a quote that supports this “researchers chose black subjects because they, like many white at the time, believed black people were a notoriously syphilis soaked race” (Skloot 50). Because of their race they were exploited and used as a experimentation for researchers to learn of the disease from infection to death which is...
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...environmental agent. c. A disruption in daily life caused by primarily negative events. d. All of the above. 2. None of the above. ______________ of preventive care among the poor is common. a. Underutilization. b. Overutilization. c. Utilization. d. There is extensive utilization diversity even in the poor. e. None of the above. 3. _______________ is where the deviants are temporarily exempted from normal obligations and gain some extra privileges, provided that they seek help in order to rid themselves of their deviance. e. Conditional legitimacy. f. Unconditional legitimacy. g. Illegitimacy. h. Forgiveness. i. None of the above. 4. The importance of Emile Durkheim's work for understanding stress lies in his: j. Typology of three specific types of suicide. k. Denial of biological influences on human behavior. l. Insight into the link between the state of the economy and certain types of illness. m. Notion of the capability of society to create situations where people are forced to respond to conditions not of their own choosing n. None of the above. 5. What is the reason many low-income persons do not have a source of medical care...
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