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赖世雄美语笔记 ——魏仕超 抄的

学 渣 出 版 社
STUDY-GARBAGE PRESS

目 录 美语入门 - 1 - LESSON 1 greetings - 1 - LESSON 2 courtesy - 1 - LESSON 3 what's your name - 1 - LESSON 4 family name - 1 - LESSON 5 how do you do相当于你好,不可以回答I'm fine - 2 - LESSON 6 it's five past three - 2 - LESSON 7月份 - 2 - LESSON 8 there be句型 - 3 - LESSON 9 he's not in - 3 - LESSON 10 can I be of any help for you - 3 - LESSON 11 准备好点单了吗 - 3 - LESSON 13 牛排几分熟 - 4 - LESSON 14 没重点 - 4 - LESSON 15 量尺寸 - 4 - LESSON 16 one做代词 - 5 - LESSON 17 查字典 - 5 - LESSON 18 here we are - 5 - LESSON 19 how come - 5 - LESSON 20 have a reservation强调预定这件事的事实 - 6 - LESSON 21 兑换外币银行说的话 - 6 - LESSON 22 问生日和介词用法 - 7 - LESSON 23 集合名词和arrive in - 7 - LESSON 24 没重点 - 8 - LESSON 25 though有两种用法 - 8 - LESSON 26 程度副词强弱程度排列 - 9 - LESSON 27 祈使句的反义疑问句 - 9 - LESSON 28 go to the movies - 10 - LESSON 29 辞职和度假请假 - 10 - LESSON 30祈使句就是以动词原形开头的句子 - 11 - 美语初级 - 12 - LESSON 6 无重点 - 12 - LESSON 7无重点 - 12 - LESSON 11无重点 - 12 - LESSON 12无重点 - 13 - LESSON 15无重点 - 13 - LESSON 16无重点 - 13 - LESSON 17无重点 - 13 - LESSON 18无重点 - 13 - LESSON 19无重点 - 13 - LESSON 20 another - 14 - LESSON 21 anyone和either - 14 - LESSON 24 wear和put on都有穿上的意思 - 14 - LESSON 29 not后面必须接any再接名词 - 15 - LESSON 31 无重点 - 15 - LESSON 39英语中有一些现在分词和过去分词可做形容词 - 15 - LESSON 41 人称代词并存时的次序 - 16 - LESSON 43 home前面加不加to? - 17 - LESSON 45 感叹句和动词不定式有副词功能 - 17 - LESSON 47 why not句型 - 18 - LESSON 49 反义疑问句 - 18 - LESSON 53 prefer to - 19 - LESSON 57 of the +数字+名词 - 19 - LESSON 59 无重点 - 19 - LESSON 61 副词的功能 - 20 - LESSON 63 leave\come\go可用于过去进行时的句中表示.. - 20 - LESSON 66 in+一段时间=一段时间以后 - 21 - LESSON 69将来进行时 - 21 - LESSON 71动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的功能 - 22 - LESSON 75 rather than - 23 - LESSON 77区别动名词和现在分词 - 23 - LESSON 79 动名词和动名词短语可以做介词宾语 - 24 - LESSON 81 下列及物动词后需用动名词做宾语 - 24 - LESSON 82 allow - 25 - LESSON 83 关系代词的种类和用法 - 25 - LESSON 85 名词性从句的形成和用法 - 26 - LESSON 87 more and more和those who - 27 - LESSON 89 that的使用时机和感官动词 - 27 - LESSON 91 状语从句变成分词短语的方法 - 28 - LESSON 93 无重点 - 29 - LESSON 95 动词不定式做状语 - 29 - LESSON 97 无重点 - 30 - LESSON 99 分词做形容词用的原则和不完全及物动词 - 30 - LESSON 101 it is+过去分词+that引导的名词性从句 - 33 - LESSON 103 get+形容词用法 - 34 - LESSON 104 here强调在某建筑物之内时可以做名词用 - 35 - LESSON 105 一些不可数名词、连词和help用法 - 36 - LESSON 107 be known之后常用的搭配 - 37 - LESSON 109 现在分词及名词同位语用法 - 38 - LESSON 110 无重点 - 39 - LESSON 111 连词所引导的状语从句可以简化成分词短语 - 40 - LESSON 113 定语从句省略关系代词或简化为分词短语 - 41 - LESSON 115 复习现在完成时 - 42 - LESSON 116订婚的 - 44 - LESSON 117 现在完成时在表示条件状语从句中的用法 - 44 - LESSON 118 have been to+地方 - 45 - LESSON 120简应句有肯定简应句和否定简应句 - 45 - LESSON 121本课复习help用法 - 46 - LESSON 123一个句子出现两个动词用连词and连接 - 47 - LESSON 125 修饰比较级的副词 - 48 - LESSON 127 if构成的虚拟语气 - 48 - LESSON 129 完全否定和部分否定 - 50 - LESSON 131梦想实现有下列几个说法 - 51 - LESSON 133常用序数词 - 51 - LESSON 135 只可用动名词不可用不定式作宾语的动名词 - 52 - LESSON 137 there is no+动名词 - 53 - LESSON 144 borne和born均为bear的过去分词 - 53 - LESSON 145 介绍way和be able to和it代替名词性从句 - 54 - LESSON 148医生诊疗室是doctor' office - 55 - 美语中级 - 55 - LESSON 1本课介绍由疑问词引导的名词性从句的形成及其用法以及序数词 - 55 - LESSON 3本课主要介绍动名词做主语的用法以及分词结构化简法 - 56 - LESSON 5本课介绍感官动词 - 58 - LESSON 7名词性从句做介词宾语不可以用that引导 - 58 - LESSON 9 it is ....+that从句中that从句中需使用should - 59 - LESSON 11英语中有些名词后面固定要与介词to连用 - 60 - LESSON 13 in spite of是介词短语 - 60 - LESSON 15本课介绍不定式短语做副词表示目的的用法 - 61 - LESSON 16 - 62 - LESSON 17本课介绍少数动词接同系名词做宾语的用法 - 62 - LESSON 19本课介绍关系副词用法和使役动词have构成的“把字句” - 63 - LESSON 20 - 65 - LESSON 21本课介绍for做“当作”用法,及物动词help用法 - 66 - LESSON 22 - 67 - LESSON 23本课介绍名词短语用法及副词连词as soon as用法 - 67 - LESSON 25本课介绍少数及物动词之后须接动名词作宾语的用法 - 69 - LESSON 26 - 71 - LESSON 27 本课介绍使役动词用法 - 71 - LESSON 28 - 74 - LESSON 29本课复习看、听、感觉,三类感官动词 - 74 - LESSON 30 - 75 - LESSON 31本课复习不完全及物动词和they say...用法 - 75 - LESSON 32 - 77 - LESSON 33本课介绍“make it a rule to+动词原形” - 77 - LESSON 34 - 78 - LESSON 35本课复习“it takes +表条件的名词+to+动词原形" - 79 - LESSON 36 - 82 - LESSON 37本课介绍及物动词cease用法so to speak/range from to用法 - 82 - LESSON 38 - 83 - LESSON 39 本课介绍need的用法和if取代whether引导名词性从句 - 83 - LESSON 41本课介绍对等短语连词用法 - 85 - LESSON 42 - 87 - LESSON 43 - 87 - LESSON 44不定式短语置于名词后做形容词时 - 88 - LESSON 45课强调not only..but also...用法 - 88 - LESSON 46 - 89 - LESSON 47本课介绍如何避免双重连接的错误结构 - 89 - LESSON 48 - 90 - LESSON 49本课介绍millions of+复数名词和have trouble+动名词的用法 - 90 - LESSON 50 - 92 - LESSON 51表日期或星期几用介词on - 93 - LESSON 52 - 93 - LESSON 53本课复习in which, for which, on which, at which的不同用法 - 94 - LESSON 54 - 100 - LESSON 55本课介绍副词连词now that(既然、现在...)的用法 - 101 - LESSON 56 as if... - 102 - LESSON 57本课介绍the same...as...、do的强调用法和whose - 103 - LESSON 58 - 104 - LESSON 59本课介绍“主语+used to+动词原形”(过去经常...)的用法 - 105 - LESSON 60 - 106 - LESSON 61本课介绍whatever和however等等各种ever用法 - 106 - LESSON 62 - 112 - LESSON 63课介绍happen to+动词原形(碰巧正好)的用法 - 113 - LESSON 64 - 113 - LESSON 65本课as做关系代词的用法,并介绍“just as...,so+倒装句”的用法 - 114 - LESSON 66 - 115 - LESSON 67本课介绍so...that和too...to结构的注意事项 - 115 - LESSON 68本课介绍such+a/an+名词+as 像...那样的 - 117 - LESSON 69本课介绍it seems that...(似乎...)的结构变化 - 118 - LESSON 70 - 120 - LESSON 71本课介绍“倍数词+the size of...”及关系代词that的使用时机 - 120 - LESSON 72 - 122 - LESSON 73本课复习“have a hard time+动名词”做...有困难/麻烦 - 122 - LESSON 74 - 123 - LESSON 75本课介绍地点状语置于句首时其后倒装结构和“not to mention” - 123 - LESSON 76 - 126 - LESSON 77本课介绍使用过去完成时的时机 - 127 - LESSON 78 - 128 - LESSON 79本课介绍复合形容词的用法以及状语从句变成副词短语的方法 - 129 - LESSON 80 - 130 - LESSON 81本课复习“看、听、感觉”三类感官动词 - 131 - LESSON 82 - 132 - LESSON 83本课介绍"all of+名词”(在所有..之中最...)和make/let/help - 133 - LESSON 84 - 135 - LESSON 85本课介绍表意愿的及物动词(desire/expect等等)+nothing but to do(除了...之外什么都不...)和can't help but+动词原形(忍不住)的用法,另介绍instead - 136 - LESSON 86 - 138 - LESSON 87本课介绍表一段时间的名词+before的用法 - 138 - LESSON 88 - 140 - LESSON 89本课介绍“it's (high/about) time that引导的过去时名词从句”(现在该是...的时候了)的用法,以及“one ...the other”(一个...另一个) - 140 - LESSON 90 本课介绍情状介词短语 - 143 - LESSON 91本课介绍少数现在分词及形容词做副词的用法和the+形容词泛指全体的用法 - 143 - LESSON 92 - 144 - LESSON 93本课介绍两个动词在一起而无连词连接时的变化方法 - 145 - LESSON 94 - 146 - LESSON 95本课介绍两句无连词相连的变化法则 - 146 - LESSON 96 - 148 - LESSON 97本课介绍on和表探险、旅程等名词的连用 - 148 - LESSON 98 - 149 - LESSON 99本课介绍少数现在分词做介词用法 - 149 - LESSON 100 - 151 - LESSON 101本课介绍独立分词短语的用法,以及kind of作副词,表有一点的意思 - 151 - LESSON 102 - 153 - LESSON 103本课介绍have做不完全及物动词用法和leave做不完全及物动词表“任由”“让”用法 - 153 - LESSON 104 - 155 - LESSON 105本课介绍及物动词prevent和it is no use+动名词短语的用法 - 155 - LESSON 106 - 156 - LESSON 107本课what's even better is+that从句和why(not)+动词原形形成简化句和blame用法 - 156 - LESSON 108 - 158 - LESSON 109本课介绍feed on和live on的区别和少数及物动词只可用动名词做宾语 - 158 - LESSON 110 - 160 - LESSON 111本课介绍needless to say,主语+动词(不用说...)用法和make up用法 - 160 - LESSON 112 - 161 - LESSON 113本课介绍if形成的虚拟语气用法,以及"lest...(should)..."(以免...)用法 - 161 - LESSON 114 - 165 - LESSON 115本课复习一些名词与介词to连用的用法及分号做连词的用法 - 165 - LESSON 116 - 166 - LESSON 117本课介绍现在进行时用法,和动词complain用法,及the +所有格表场所的用法 - 167 - LESSON 118 - 168 - LESSON 119 - 168 - LESSON 120 - 169 - LESSON 121本课复习现在完成时要点 - 169 - LESSON 122 - 170 - LESSON 123本课介绍“俗话说...”的用法和so that/in order to改写 - 171 - LESSON 124 - 172 - LESSON 125本课复习if取代whether - 172 - LESSON 126 - 174 - LESSON 127本课复习have做使役动词的用法并介绍倍数词和have no choice but to...用法 - 174 - LESSON 128 - 176 - LESSON 129本课主要介绍be as much+a/an+名词+as(和...一样是) - 177 - LESSON 130 - 179 - LESSON 131本课介绍表最近的副词和副词短语与时态的关系 - 179 - LESSON 132 - 181 - LESSON 133本课介绍表示年龄的用法,和委婉表示“应当”的说法 - 181 - LESSON 134 - 182 - LESSON 135本课介绍a large number of的用法 - 182 - LESSON 136 - 183 - LESSON 137本课介绍would like做不完全及物动词用法及字母和阿拉伯数字形成复数的用法 - 184 - LESSON 138 - 185 - LESSON 139本课复习as取代though - 185 - LESSON 140 - 186 - LESSON 141本课介绍表“一...就...” - 187 - LESSON 142 - 189 - LESSON 143本课介绍by the time用法 - 189 - LESSON 144 - 190 - LESSON 145 - 191 - LESSON 146 - 191 - LESSON 147本课介绍虚拟语气中if的省略 - 191 - LESSON 148 - 193 -

美语入门
LESSON 1 greetings
词汇:greetings n.问候招呼致意 idiom n.短语 句子:A:see you later B:alligater how are you how are you doing how are you getting alone how have you been how's it going what's up what's happening
LESSON 2 courtesy
词汇:courtesy n.礼貌
LESSON 3 what's your name
词汇:nationality n.国籍 句子:may I have your name please?=what's your name
LESSON 4 family name
词汇:family name 姓 this that these those
这个 那个 这些 那些
以上为指示代词,也可以有指示形容词的功能,例如
this book is good
LESSON 5 how do you do相当于你好,不可以回答I'm fine
词汇:occupation n.职业 secretary n.秘书 pilot n.飞行员 句子:how do you do相当于你好,不可以回答I'm fine要说how do you do来回应 what do you do你是做什么的
LESSON 6 it's five past three
词汇:ma'am n.夫人 句子:it's five past three=it's three o five三点过五分,十分之后不用加"o" it's twenty to five=it's four forty LESSON 7月份
词汇:January February March April May June July August September October November December 句子:June 2 1998这个2不是基数词,是序数词 what's today's date今天几月几号
LESSON 8 there be句型 句子:how's the weather in Beijing=what's the weather like in Beijing 表示“有”句首是人或动物应该使用have I have a book 句首是场所或时间,应该用there is/are 在there is/are起首的句型中,应该将there视为固定用语,译成“有”而不要译成“那里是”,若要表示“那里/这里有...”应该说there is.....there there is a man有个人 there has a man 无此用法 there is a man there 那里有个人
LESSON 9 he's not in 句子:he's not in他不在 “留话”leave/take message
LESSON 10 can I be of any help for you
词汇:clinic n.诊所 句子:can I be of any help for you?我能帮您什么?
LESSON 11 准备好点单了吗
词汇:starve v.饥饿,饿死 section n.区域,部门 句子:are you ready to order may I take your order now
LESSON 13 牛排几分熟
词汇:dessert n.甜点 steak n.牛排 book v.登记 well done全熟 medium六七分熟 medium rare四五分熟 rare3分熟
LESSON 14 没重点
词汇:brand n.品牌 on sale 特价 pants n.裤子,短裤 pair 一条
LESSON 15 量尺寸
词汇:词汇:gift-wrap包装
句子:take one's measurements量一下尺寸 give sb. a hand=do sb. a favor帮忙 go over there =go there over用来加强语气表示就在那
LESSON 16 one做代词
词汇:high heeled n.高跟鞋 clerk n.店员 句子:one做代词时代替前面出现过的单数名词,ones代替复数名词
LESSON 17 查字典
词汇:tale n.故事 consult v.查询 sold out of n.卖完了 句子:consult dictionary 查字典 look up the word in dictionary 在字典里查词
LESSON 18 here we are
词汇:domestic n.国内的 speed up 加速 句子:here we are我们到了 here you are/go 在这,拿去 there you again 你又来这一套了
LESSON 19 how come
词汇:twin adj.成双的,双胞胎的 rate n.价格费用 lobby n.大厅 reservation n.预定 句子:how come单独用做“怎么回事”句子里how come I didn't know 是说我怎么不知道 rate做“价格”时一般用复数what are your rates...
LESSON 20 have a reservation强调预定这件事的事实
词汇:suite n.套房 charge n.记账 bellboy n.男服务生 句子:have a reservation强调预定事实 make a reservation强调预定动作
LESSON 21 兑换外币银行说的话
词汇:change v.交换n.零钱 cash n.现金v.兑换现金 currency n.货币 change money换钱 change A for B把A换成B 句子:how do you want your money?兑换外币时银行对顾客说的话,你要兑换多少面值 will my passport do? do原意“做”也可以表示“行”“可以” that'll do seven hundreds eight tens and the rest in change 此处的rest是代词,代指“其余的”
LESSON 22 问生日和介词用法
词汇:reconfirm v.再确认 confirmation n.确定 depart for动身前往某地 intend v.打算 book in 登记入住 句子:date of birth包含年月日,birthday不包含年份 表示确切时间介词用at,表示年月季节上午下午晚上时介词用in,表示日期和星期几介词用on
LESSON 23 集合名词和arrive in
词汇:lounge n.休息室 arrival lounge 入境大厅 tax n.税 aisle n.通道 take off 起飞,升空 smoking section 吸烟区 句子:arrive at后接小地点如邮局车站等 arrive in后接大地点如城市国家 英文中两个动词在同一个句子时,必须有连词连接,否则为错,但是go和come 以动词原形出现时则可以省略连词and,直接加另一个动词。 luggage, baggage为集合名词,是不可数名词,不可以说a luggage/baggage,而需要说a piece of luggage/baggage(一件行李)p203
LESSON 24 没重点
词汇:excess adj.额外的超过的 claim n.对某事物的要求权所有权 stub n.存根 baggage claim stub 领取行李的存根 boarding pass登机牌 fill out填写 go thought 通过 apply for 申请 attach to 系上(不用on)
LESSON 25 though有两种用法
词汇:register n.挂号邮寄 seal v.密封 envelop n.信封 mail v.邮寄 句子: though有两种用法 1.做副词,表示“然而,不过”,通常用在句尾,前面加逗号 you can't seal the envelope, though 2.做连词,表示“虽然”,通常置于句首,英文规定一个句子一般只能有一个连词,所以“虽然...但是...”不能用"though...but...""because...so..."也是同理。
LESSON 26 程度副词强弱程度排列
词汇:flu n.流行性感冒 cough n.咳嗽 sore adj.痛的 throat n.喉咙 fever n.发烧 have a sore leg 腿部酸痛 句子:程度副词中,强弱程度排列如下 fairly(最弱)quite,rather,very,extremely(最强) OK,it's done这里done是形容词,表示做完的,所以不是it has done 吃药用take,喝汤用eat,喝饮料用drink 得感冒have the flu前面需要用定冠词the catch a cold , have a cough, have the flu, have a headache hurt之后无宾语译为疼痛,有宾语译为伤害
LESSON 27 祈使句的反义疑问句
词汇:railing n.栏杆围栏 endangered 濒临绝种的 after all 毕竟 species是单复数同型的名词,此外还有fish, sheep, deer, salmon鲑鱼, buffalo, antelope羚羊 behave v.行为举止 句子:祈使句的反义疑问句一律用will you
LESSON 28 go to the movies
词汇:domestic n.国内的 speed up 加速 句子:go to the movies看电影,movie必须用复数,看一场电影可以说watch a movie, see a movie, take in a movie in the back后面的,by the aisle靠走道的,up front前排的,towards the center 靠中间的 you can say that again!你说的一点也没错! be at the movies在看电影
LESSON 29 辞职和度假请假
词汇:bonus n.奖金,分红 quit v.辞职 句子:quit和resign都有辞职的意思,但是quit可以直接加宾语job,resign则需要先置from再接宾语,quit还有放弃的意思,等于give up be on leave休假中,一般指一两天的短假,be on holiday度假中,指长假,ask for leave请假 that depends那要视情况而定=it depends make money=earn money赚钱 make a fortune=earn a fortune赚大钱 make/earn a living by靠...为生
LESSON 30祈使句就是以动词原形开头的句子
词汇:gas tank n.煤气罐 explode v.爆炸 run into 撞到 run into sb.=bump into sb. 与某人不期而遇 be on fire 着火中 set fire to sth.放火烧.... 句子:祈使句就是以动词原形开头的句子 通常与门牌号相连介词用at,与街道相连介词用on: I'm at No.10Zhong Hua Road我在中华路10号 I'm on Zhong Hua Road我在中华路 fire表示火时是不可数名词,表示火灾是可数名词 we'll be right there“right”这里是副词,做强调用。 in和at都表示在什么地方,in强调在里面at强调在什么地方

美语初级
LESSON 6 无重点
词汇:chase v.追捕 leash n.栓狗的链子
LESSON 7无重点
词汇:athlete n.运动员
LESSON 11无重点
词汇:overseas adj.在海外的 get along 相处
LESSON 12无重点
词汇:as a matter of fact 事实上
LESSON 15无重点
词汇:stove n.炉子 refrigerator n.电冰箱 sink n.洗碗槽 shake like a leaf 因为害怕抖得厉害
LESSON 16无重点
词汇:dresser n.化妆台
LESSON 17无重点
词汇:across from 在...对面
LESSON 18无重点
词汇:down the street 沿着这条街走下去 until then 直到那时
LESSON 19无重点
词汇:bald adj.秃头的 speed up 加速 one more....再一个 two more...再两个 three more...再三个
LESSON 20 another
词汇:blond adj.金色的(头发) 句子:another adj.另外的,又一,不同的 prep.另一个,另一个人,同类的东西 泛指三个或三个以上的人或物中没有确定的另一个,another+数字+名词=数字+more+名词。the other则只已知的两个人或两个事物中的另一个 there you again 你又来这一套了

LESSON 21 anyone和either 句子:anyone做主语时,可用于肯定句中,表示强调 anybody can answer the question. either和too的区别 否定后面用either,肯定后面用too
LESSON 24 wear和put on都有穿上的意思
词汇:exactly adv.完全的 comb vt.用梳子梳n.梳子 句子:wear和put on都有穿上的意思,但wear强调已经穿好的状态(穿上了...)put on 强调穿上的动作(穿....) get up=wake up=rise
LESSON 29 not后面必须接any再接名词 句子:no是形容词=not any, no后面可以直接接名词,not后面必须接any再接名词
LESSON 31 无重点
词汇:rent n.房租 landlord n.房东 casual adj.休闲的 quite a few /little 不少的 a lot of=lots of arms n.怀抱 charm n.魅力vt.吸引 make you mine=make you my sweetheart cozy adj.舒适的 pass away 过世 further vt.增进 homesick adj.想家的 studies n.学业 frankly speaking,坦白说,置于句首,逗号相隔
LESSON 39英语中有一些现在分词和过去分词可做形容词 句子:英语中有一些现在分词和过去分词可做形容词,现在分词多译为“令人....的”(this one is tiring被动语态的感觉),过去分词多译为“感到...的”(I feel tired主动语态感觉)。 the question is confused(这个问题感到迷惑)——逻辑不对 the question is confusing(这个问题令人迷惑) the baby is tiring (这个婴儿真累人) the baby is tired (这个婴儿累了)
LESSON 41 人称代词并存时的次序
词汇:camp vi.露营(多使用go camping) tents n.帐篷 fishing rod n.钓鱼竿 trout n鳟鱼(单复数同型) 句子:主语有代词I和其他人时,以and连接,并且将其他人置于I之前表示尊重 my father and I go fishing 除了I之外,he\she\they\you\we等代词置于第一位置 we and Mary sang songs 代词并存时注意下列次序 You, he and I are good friends we you and they are good friends "go+现在分词"短语表示“从事某种暂时性活动” take turns(at)doing sth.轮流做某事 have a good time/have fun (in) doing sth.做什么很愉快
LESSON 43 home前面加不加to?
词汇:take a day off/take two days off 请一天/两天假 get angry with 生某人气 this way 这样的话 句子:由于home在有些地方作副词,相当于表示场所的副词"there, here"所以置于句尾修饰动词时,前面不能加to,但home之前若置所有格代词如my, your等,则home是名词(my home),之前应置介词to 使其作宾语。 take the work home不能写成take the work to home
LESSON 45 感叹句和动词不定式有副词功能
词汇:as a matter of fact=in fact to make matters worse 更糟的是 briefcase 公文包 句子:to tell the truth, I fall asleep. 这里面的to+动词的不定式短语中to是虚词而不是介词,整个短语有副词功能,修饰全句。 感叹句中how修饰形容词,副词,动词, how hard he worked! how nice he is! how I love him! what修饰名词或有形容词修饰的名词 what a nice boy!(he is可以省略,主语+be一般都可以省略) 陈述句变感叹句时一般把要修饰的形容词副词名词移到how/what之后,how修饰动词时把how置于原陈述句之首。 英文中come或go以原形出现,其后接and再接另一个动词原形时,and可以省略变成: go see a movie/come see me
LESSON 47 why not句型
词汇:look down upon sb.轻视某人 look up to sb. 瞧得起某人 don't mention it 别客气 not necessarily 未必 句子:why或why not后可以直接接动词原形形成简略问句 1.why+动词原形=why should I/we+动词原形 why stay here=why should I stay here why be quite=why should I be quite 2.why not+动词原形=why can't you/we+动词原形 why not be quite=why can't you be quite
LESSON 49 反义疑问句 句子:let's引导的祈使句,反义疑问句固定为shall we? 动词原形起首的祈使句反义疑问句固定为will you? 反义疑问句中主语如果是指示代词this,that,these,those时,反问部分一律用it或they that is good, isn't it? these are beautiful, aren't they? 句子以there is/are引导时反问部分仍然使用isn't there/aren't there? 反义部分时态和人称应该与前面保持一致。
LESSON 53 prefer to 句子:prefer to+动词原形 比较喜欢 prefer to+动词原形+rather than+动词原形/prefer+名词+to+名词 喜欢.....胜于....
LESSON 57 of the +数字+名词
词汇:mammal n.哺乳动物 句子:在含有比较等级的句子中,如果含有"of the +数字+名词"的介词短语,句子中的形容词不论是最高级还是比较级,前面都要加the,且由于介词短语一件有名词出现,形容词的最高级或比较级后的相应名词就应该省略 of the two boys, john is the better of the two teachers john is the kinder 在of 引导的介词短语中,如果数字为三个或以上时,of可以用among取代,如果是两个则只能用of
LESSON 59 无重点
词汇:thoughtful adj.体贴的 sympathetic adj.同情的 concerned adj.关切的
LESSON 61 副词的功能
词汇: hare n.野兔 take a nap小睡 perseverance n. 毅力 practice makes perfect 熟能生巧 eagerly adv.焦急的渴望的 get a promotion 晋升 句子:one day是时间状语,可以表示过去或将来的某一天 someday将来有一天,用于将来时 the other day前几天,用于过去式 副词的功能:1.修饰形容词,前置(very beautiful)2.修饰副词,前置(very hard)3.修饰动词,后置(walk slowly) 注意,very虽然是副词,但是不能修饰动词,只能修饰副词形容词,very much可以修饰动词,通常后置 help sb. to do sth.一般把to省略 I help him to do the work=I help him do the work
LESSON 63 leave\come\go可用于过去进行时的句中表示.. 句子:leave\come\go等表示来或去的动词,可用于过去进行时的句中表示过去即将发生的事情 he told me that he was leaving soon =he told me that he would leave soon =he told me that he would be leaving soon he heard a little boy shout "help!"这句话是heard接宾语a little boy,另接动词原形做宾语补足语,英语中表示“看”“听”“感觉”等三类及物动词接宾语后可用动词原形、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语,动词原形做宾语补足语强调的确有事情发生(I saw him steal my money),现在分词强调事情正在发生(I saw him stealing my money),过去分词强调是被动语态(I saw him punished我看到他被处罚了)
LESSON 66 in+一段时间=一段时间以后
词汇: in+一段时间=一段时间以后=一段时间+later I'll be there in five minutes/five minutes later表示五分钟一过我就会在那里出现 不能说after five minutes因为这个表示“过了五分钟再说,五分钟过后我才会考虑到那里,至于何时去我还未决定”
LESSON 69将来进行时 词汇:retire vi.退休 句子:将来进行时:主语+will be+现在分词。1.表示短期内即将发生的动作,此时will be译成“将要”“将会”,也可以用一般将来时取代,只不过将来进行时更强调短期内即将发生的动作。 2.表示将来某一时刻将会进行的动作,will be译成“会在”he will be studying this afternoon
LESSON 71动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的功能
词汇:there is no gain without pain 一分耕耘一分收获 pretty可以做形容词或副词,做形容词时表示”美丽的”做副词时表示“相当”,比very语气稍微弱一些。 句子: 动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的功能。 1.名词:做主语"to work with him is pleasant",作宾语"she decide to love me",置于be动词后作表语"His plan is to marry her." 2.形容词:不定式置于被修饰名词后I have some work to do 3.副词:此时不定式可置于完整的句子之前或之后,表示目的"to pass the exam, he worked hard"="he worked hard to pass the exam." "how to cook"称作名词短语,由“疑问词+动词不定式”组成,如:where to go, when to do it, what to do, whom to talk to, which to by 以上这些名词短语中,where,when,how为疑问副词,修饰之后的动词不定式。what,whom,which为疑问代词,做动词不定式中及物动词的宾语,而疑问代词之后的动词不定式是不及物动词时,则该名词短语之后应该有介词,使疑问代词做该介词的宾语,如"whom to talk to."。名词短语在句中通常做及物动词的宾语,如"he knows how to handle the problem." "be used to"表示过去曾经
LESSON 75 rather than 句子:"make his mother feel sad"此处的make表示“使...从事...” rather than 为并列连词,表示而不...,而非....,XXXrather thanXXX表示前面的词比后面的词程度多/强。rather than用以连接彼此为并列关系的单词短语或从句等(rather than play pool, we went to bowling.),另外还可以连接两个有并列关系的动词,表示“非但不...反而...”句型为:rather than+动词原形,主语+动词....(rather than work hard, he plays around.)。rather than还可以连接两个有并列关系的主语,之后的动词应该按照第一个主语做变化(he rather than I is wrong.).
LESSON 77区别动名词和现在分词
词汇:lay a strong foundation 奠定坚实基础 be think of doing固定搭配,不能用be think doing be tired of doing固定搭配,不能用be tired to do 句子:区别动名词和现在分词: 1."be动词+词尾ing的单词"若译为“正在...”时是现在分词,形成进行时。 2. "be动词+词尾ing的单词"若译为“令人...的”时是现在分词,做形容词,句子做表语 3. "be动词+词尾ing的单词"若译为“是...”则为动名词。 4. "词尾ing的单词+名词"若译为“令人...的”时或“主动会...的”时,则是现在分词作形容词修饰之后的名词 5. "词尾ing的单词+名词"若译为“供...之用的”时,则是动名词,仍做形容词修饰之后的名词。
LESSON 79 动名词和动名词短语可以做介词宾语
词汇:show off 炫耀 insist on+动名词 坚持要 foot on bill付账 impress sb. with sth. 以某事使人印象深刻 sewing n.缝纫 句子:本课强调动名词和动名词短语可以做介词宾语的用法: many of people are fond of showing off动名词短语showing off做of的介词宾语 不及物动词后面要加介词再加宾语。
LESSON 81 下列及物动词后需用动名词做宾语
词汇:die of vi.因...死去 lung cancer n.肺癌 light up 点火 try doing 尝试 句子:下列及物动词后需用动名词做宾语 enjoy practice resent mind resist finish deny admit 有些及物动词可以使用动名词或不定式做宾语 like love hate stop做及物动词后面跟动名词表示停止做某事, 做不及物动词后面跟不定式表示停下来开始做某事。 try to do表示设法要....try doing表示尝试.... it is no use doing.......是没用的 LESSON 82 allow
词汇:put out 熄灭 allow sb. to do 允许某人... 句子:allow后面加人就用allow sb to do sth. allow后面不加人直接接宾语就用动名词 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事:father doesn't allow us children to smoke 其中children做us的同位语,表示我们这些孩子们。
LESSON 83 关系代词的种类和用法
词汇:unreliable 不可靠不稳定的 easygoing 随遇而安的从容不迫的 sincere 诚恳的 regardless adj.不论 regardless of 不论... bookworm 书呆子 句子:本课主要介绍关系代词的种类和用法 定语从句的限定性和非限定性区别在于限定性定语从句旨在修饰前面的名词,使该名词有其特殊性,从句前面不加逗号,比如 he is a person never lies他是个不说谎的人,而不能翻译成他是个人,不说谎。非限定性指有些名词本身已经具备特殊性,如gentleman, saint或者该名词前面已经有形容词修饰,如a good man, a great man。此时后面有从句则该从句并非必要只是补充说明,前面可置逗号降低从句重要性,翻译时先翻译前面名词后翻译从句,如he is a gentleman, who never lies他是个绅士,从来不说谎。不过这种情况通常也可采用限定修饰,增加被修饰名词的特殊性,如他是个从不说谎的绅士,专有名词(John,Peter,Shanghai)或少数名词(my father, his mother)本身就有强烈特殊性(即一提到这些名词大家都知道是谁),所以后面的从句一定要用非限定性修饰。
LESSON 85 名词性从句的形成和用法 词汇:blood type 血型 introvert 内向的人 whereas 而 extrovert 外向的人 when it comes to+动名词 一说到..... spouse 配偶 he is easy to get along with 他很好相处 句子:本课介绍名词性从句的形成和用法 名词性从句的种类:1.that引导的名词性从句2.whether引导的名词性从句3.疑问词引导的名词性从句
LESSON 87 more and more和those who 词汇:sense of humor 幽默感 句子:本课介绍more and more 做形容词及副词的用法,和those who (凡是...的人)的用法,和however therefore 做插入语的用法 more and more做形容词译成越来越多的,之后接复数名词和不可数名词,做副词译成越来越,之后接副词或形容词。 therefore, however做插入语时放在主语与动词之间或助动词与动词/主语与助动词之间。
LESSON 89 that的使用时机和感官动词 词汇:be about the size of 约....一样大,本句中的about是副词,表示大约的意思 Phuket 普吉岛 Thailand 泰国 resort 度假胜地 句子:本课介绍关系代词that的使用时机并介绍感官动词用法 下列情况必须使用that取代关系代词who, which, whom 1.在有形容词最高级修饰的名词之后 2.在有the only修饰的名词之后 3.在有序数词(the first, the second ...the last)修饰的名词之后
LESSON 91 状语从句变成分词短语的方法 句子:本课介绍状语从句变成分词短语的方法。 when,while,if,unless,once,though等连词所引导的状语从句里,主语若与主句的主语相同时,该状语从句即可简化为分词短语,简化原则如下: 1.删除从句中的主语 2.主语之后的动词变成现在分词 3.若动词为be动词,则一律变成现在分词being,而being均省略 例子:when I am rich, I will buy a watch = when being rich, I will buy a watch = when rich, I will buy a watch unless,once,though,if引导的状语从句简化时,原句子结构多为“主语+be动词”但when, while引导的从句简化时原从句不一定接be动词,接其他动词也可。例如:when you do it, you must be careful=when doing it, you must be careful 名词如phone,radio,TV等多与介词on连用,其中TV前不加the, on the TV表示在电视机上面,换言之,TV前面如果有冠词,则指“电视机”,是可数名词,如果没冠词则指“电视节目”是不可数名词。 a collect call对方付费电话
LESSON 93 无重点
词汇:pride comes before a fall 骄兵必败 teachings 教导,学说
Confucius 孔子 humble 谦虚的 think highly of 重视 congratulations on sth/doing sth因什么表示恭喜 congratulations on getting better
LESSON 95 动词不定式做状语
词汇:simply 简单的,就是 simply表简单时为强调用法,在肯定句中需要置于被修饰动词前,否定句中置于助动词前Paul simply say that you need work hard/Paul simply don't say you need work hard surfer the pain of 遭受....之苦 句子:本课复习动词不定式做状语的用法 some people eat to live, some people live to eat其中两个不定式做状语修饰eat和live to+动词原形—为了要....可以替换为in order torso as to, with a view to+动名词,with an eye to+动名词 live a...life过着....的生活=lead a...life live可以做不及物动词,表居住,后面接表场所的介词短语或副词,例如live in the city, live there live也可以做及物动词,表示过某种生活,此时只能用life做其宾语,例如live a happy life LESSON 97 无重点
词汇:get around+地方 四处走走 in some cases 在有些情况下,通常置于句首 in many cases/in most cases time-saving 节省时间的 where to=where are you going taxi/bus ride 乘坐出租车/公交
LESSON 99 分词做形容词用的原则和不完全及物动词
词汇:cheatin' 骗人的,不忠的 weep 流泪 the whole night through 整夜=all night long tell on+sb泄露某人底细或者打小报告,对 其产生不良影响 toss 翻来覆去,打滚 back and forth 来回的 pine 消瘦,憔悴,松树 crave 渴望 crave the love you threw away渴望重拾这份被你抛弃的爱 be like looking for a needle in a haystack如大海捞针 句子:本课介绍分词做形容词用的原则 1.现在分词和过去分词均可以做形容词用,这些分词有下列意思——现在分词:令人....的,正在....的(即将的)。过去分词:感到....的,已经....的。这些分词可置于be动词之后作表语,也可置于名词前修饰该名词。 例如:it's a tiring trip 这是一段令人感到很累的旅途。he was tired after the trip 这段旅程让他感到累了。the retiring teacher made a farewell speech这位即将退休的老师发表告别演说。the retired teacher made a speech这位已经退休的老师发表演讲。 知道上述原则后就能判断下列句子的对错 the question is confused这问题感到糊涂(错) the question is confusing 这问题令人糊涂 give me some boiling water to drink给我一些正在开的水喝(错) give me some boiled water to drink给我一些开水(已经开了的)喝 2.find做不完全及物动词的用法 完全及物动词就是只需加宾语便可使句意完整的动词,此时find的意思是“发现,找到” 例如:I find the money 不完全及物动词就是加了宾语之后意思不完整,需要在该宾语后加宾语补足语使意思完整,这里宾语补足语通常是名词或形容词,此时find相当于“发现...是....” 例如:I find him(错,意思不完全) I find him nice find做不完全及物动词时不可用不定式短语直接做宾语,应该在find后先加it做形式宾语,后置宾语,再加上被it代替的不定式短语,这个不定式是真正的宾语。 例如:I find to work with him pleasant(错) I find it pleasant to work with him 比较下列find用法 I find it is pleasant to work with him I find it pleasant to work with him 两句都正确,第一个是完全及物动词后接宾语从句做宾语,第二个是不完全及物动词的形式 3.think也可以做完全及不完全及物动词,做完全及物动词时相当于“认为”,做不完全及物动词时相当于“认为...是...,相信...是...” 例如:做完全及物动词I think that he is nice 做不完全及物动词I think him nice I think it good to learn English
LESSON 101 it is+过去分词+that引导的名词性从句 词汇:be named after 以...命名 how come+主语+动词... 为什么 how come he hates her so much? 句子:本课主要介绍it is +过去分词+that引导的名词性从句和句型变化
例如:it is believed that travelers from China get there first
常见句型有it is said that/it is believed that/it is reported that/it is estimated that
变化1.that引导的名词性从句中动词为一般现在时或现在进行时时,可将从句中主语移至句首,此后接is/are过去分词再接虚词to,并将从句中的动词改为动词原形
例如:it is said that he work hard=he is said to work hard据说他工作刻苦/it is said that they are learning English=they are said to be learning English据说他们正在学英语
2.从句中的动词为一般过去时或现在完成时时,可将从句中主语移至句首,次接is/are过去分词,再接虚词to,并将从句中动词一律改为have+过去分词
例如:it is said that he left an hour ago=he is said to have left an hour ago据说他一个小时前离开了
3.it seems...that也有上面一样的变化方式
例如:it seems that he is a good boy=he seems to be a good boy
注意,seem之后有to be时,to be可以省略
LESSON 103 get+形容词用法
词汇:do one's part to+动词原形 尽某人一己之力做 we should all do our part to clean up the park sake 缘故 句子:本课介绍get+形容词用法: 1.一般来讲,形容词多置于be动词或become, seem等系动词之后,作表语。 he is clever/he seems angry 2.get可表示变成的意思,相当于become,但become之后可用任何动词,而get则有所选择 例如:he got clever(错)he got strong(错) 一般来讲,下列形容词可置于get之后: 与生气有关的形容词angry/mad/crazy。与健康有关的形容词ill/sick/well。 3.get之后还可接过去分词形成被动语态,等于be+过去分词he was injured in the accident=he got injured in the accident/about ten people were killed in the fire=about ten people got killed in the fire 4.get若用在现在进行时中,之后可接一般形容词,这些形容词多用比较级,即be getting more and more/better and better例如:she gets beautiful(错)she is getting more and more beautiful why do people get headaches in a crowded, stuffy room?这里的两个形容词本该用and连接,但是为了形容词关系更密切,用逗号取代and。有些形容词与名词连用时形成固定搭配(如an old man/a young boy/a red car)则之前再加形容词时两形容词之间不加逗号和and,例如:that kind old man/the beautiful young girl
LESSON 104 here强调在某建筑物之内时可以做名词用 句子:boy, it's really stuff in here.这里面的boy本来是男孩的意思,但是在这里做感叹词,可译做“乖乖”.here/there本来是副词,不可做介词的宾语,但是在强调在某建筑物之内时可以做名词用,做介词in的宾语,例如:he feels good in there/don't you think it's hot in here? air-con 空调,冷气机 why和why not之后可置动词原形(注意必须动词原形),形成一个简化问句:why+动词原形为什么要...呢?/why not+动词原形 为什么不要...呢?
LESSON 105 一些不可数名词、连词和help用法
词汇:disposal n.处理 it is in one's own best interest to+动词原形
对某人最有利的 it's in your own best interest to avoid arguing with others 句子:本课介绍一些不可数名词、连词so that以及help的用法 1.不可数名词有下列几个: information/baggage/luggage/advice/junk/music/news/furniture/equipument这些名词亦与a piece of/some/a lot of/much/little连用 常见例子与错误:how many luggages do you have?(错)how many piece of luggage do you have he gave me a good advice(错)he gave me a good piece of advice that's a good news(错)that's good news/that' a good piece of news 2.so that引导的状语从句要有助动词will/can/may,结构为主句+so that+主语+may/can/will+动词原形 例如:he study hard so that he could pass the exam so that 可以用in order that取代 so that或in order that引导的从句中主语若与主句主语相同时可用so as to+动词原形或in order to+动词原形,主语不同时则不能这么用 例如:he study hard so that he could pass the exam=he study hard in order to pass the exam=he study hard so as to pass the exam 3.help to+动词原形 帮助...有助... to一般省略:let's help finish the work help sb. to 动词原形to一般也可省略:help me write the letter
LESSON 107 be known之后常用的搭配
词汇:longevity 长寿 keep up with 赶上...的速度 work out 运动(尤其指有氧) 句子:1.be known之后常用的搭配有下列: be known as+身份——被某人所知,众所周知 he is known as a superman be known for+事物——因某事被人所知 he is known for his talent be known to+人——被某人所知 he is known to all of us 形容词如famous,renowned,noted均表示出名的,之后可以使用介词as或for,用法如上。 2.sb.+be+形容词+to+动词原形构成了主系表状的形式,其中动词不定式做状语 to+动词后面接不接宾语取决于动词的及物或不及物和短语尾部有没有介词(补充说明和谁做)如: he is willing to go(go不及物,不需要加宾语)he is willing to do it(do及物,要加宾语说明做什么) he is willing to get along with me(有介词,需要在with后面说明和谁) easy/difficult/hard是修饰事物的形容词,不可以修饰人,用不定式,动名词,名词等做主语时可以使用,例如 he is hard to get along with=to get along with him is hard 注意: 1.it is hard to do it与it is hard to do前者是to do it为主语构成主系表结构——to do it is hard,后者是it做主语,构成主系表+动词不定式做状语结构,不定式中do做不及物动词 he is easy to get along with(with后面如果有宾语,则he变成了主语,easy不可形容因为主语是人) LESSON 109 现在分词及名词同位语用法
词汇:abolish 废除,终止 句子:本课介绍可做介词的现在分词及名词同位语用法 he discovered many rivers, including the Victoria Falls。这句话里的including虽然是现在分词,实际上却是介词,使用时前面通常加一个逗号,其后置宾语,若宾语在句尾,则之后置句号,若宾语在句中,之后置逗号。 1.宾语置句尾 he has many hobbies, including singing and dancing. 2.宾语置句中a few students, including me, passed the exam. 除including之外,还有少数现在分词可以做介词用:regarding/concerning均表示有关的意思,多用在书面文章中,与on同义,about也是有关的意思,多用于口语。 所谓名词同位语,就是在名词之后另置一个名词,两个名词地位相等,第二个就是第一个名词的同位语。同位语是由非限定性定语从句简化而来,例如: this is John, who is a friend of mine.=this is John, a friend of mine.
LESSON 110 无重点
词汇:easier said than done 说起来容易做起来难 be a slave to 做...的奴隶
I can't help it 我没办法
It这里是代词,原句为I can't help being a slave to work can't help doing sth. 忍不住...
LESSON 111 连词所引导的状语从句可以简化成分词短语
词汇:of all time 自古以来(常与最高级形容词修饰的名词连用) benevolence 仁慈 courtesy 礼貌 loyalty 忠贞,忠诚 essence 精髓,要素 emphasize 强调 impress sb. with sth. 以某事使人印象深刻 sewing n.缝纫 句子:1. 不可以说according to his words,.....虽然语法没问题但是老外不这么说话,一般都说according to him(根据他的说法) can you express your meaning in English(错)老外不这么说,正确应该是can you express yourself in English(你能用英语表达自己的意思吗?)
2.when/while/if/once/though/unless等六个连词所引导的状语从句可以简化成分词短语,从句中,如果主语与主句的主语相同,可将从句中的主语删除,并将之后的动词变成现在分词,若是be动词,一律变成being再予以省略。
例如:when you do the work, you must be careful=when doing the work, you must be careful though he is poor, he is happy=though poor, he is happy.
LESSON 113 定语从句省略关系代词或简化为分词短语
词汇:something well begun is half done 好的开始是成功的一半 earn a living by 靠...谋生 progress 进步,常用make progress 句子:本课介绍定语从句省略关系代词或简化为分词短语的用法 1.省略关系代词 关系代词引导的定语从句若属限定性修饰,且该关系代词在从句中做及物动词或介词宾语时,该关系代词可予以省略。 关系代词做及物动词的宾语:he is a man whom we can trust.其中whom是trust的宾语,whom代指he,表示we can trust him.这样代词就可以省略——he is a man we can trust 关系代词做介词的宾语:he is a man whom you can depend on.这里whom做on的介词宾语,表示depend on him,所以可以省略为he is a man you can depend on. 注意如果介词在关系代词之前则不可以省略,如:the place which I work at.....=the place I work at...=the place at which I work...=the place where I work...但是不能说the place at I work... 2.关系代词引导的定语从句如果是限定性修饰,且关系代词在从句中做主语时,可将从句简化为分词短语,步骤如下: 第一步删除关系代词,第二步将关系代词之后的动词变成现在分词,第三步若动词是be动词,变成being后再省略。(不可用过去分词) 例如the girl who lives next door is beautiful=the girl living next door is beautiful. John is a boy who is full of energy=John is a boy (省略being)full of energy.
LESSON 115 复习现在完成时
词汇:make up one's mind about+名词或短语/to do sth. 下决心做... have you make up your mind to find the way? have you make up your mind about where to go? 句子:本课复习现在完成时 1.现在完成时不得与明确的过去时间状语连用,明确的过去时间状语出现时应使用过去完成时 2.现在完成时也可以表示未来将完成的动作,此时表示条件的状语从句(多由if/when/after/as soon as/等引导)采用现在完成时,主句则采用将来时。 例如:if I have finished all the works, I'll go with you as soon as I have finished all the works, I'll go with you when I have finished all the works, I'll go with you after I have done all the works, I'll go with you 3.无持续发生特性的动词不可以用have done for+一段时间的句型,但可以使用it is+一段时间+since引导的过去时状语从句,或者使用与动词意思相同的形容词置于has/have been之后,表示持续发生的状态 例如:it's ten years since he married me=it has been ten years since he married me=ten years has passed since he married me he has been dead for ten years 4.since可以表示“由于”“自从”的意思, since后面必须用明确的某个时间比如“since 1987/since last five years ago/since Friday”而不能是“since the past three weeks”这种一段时间的要使用介词for/during/over。表示“由于”时,since是连词,连词是连接句子的,since一般引导状语从句,时态不限,合乎句意即可。 例如:since I'm busy now, I can't go with you since表“自从”时,可做连词介词或副词。 做连词时还是引导状语从句,从句时态为过去式,主句为现在完成时或现在完成进行时。 例如:since he attended high school, he has worked very hard. since做介词时后面接名词或动名词做宾语,形成状语修饰主句,主句仍使用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。例如:since attending high school, he has worked very hard since做副词时,译成“之后”,置于完成时助动词has/have之后或置于句尾,是下列句子变化而成:since he moved here in 1990,he has been learning English=he moved here in 1990 and has since been learning English=he moved here in 1990 and has been learning English since
LESSON 116订婚的
词汇:engaged 订婚的 get engaged/be engaged to engaged通常用法:they are engaged他们已经订婚了。they got engaged 10 days ago.他们10天前订婚了。he was engaged to Lucy 10 days ago他10天前与Lucy订婚了。不可以说he engaged Lucy...和he was engaged with Lucy... marry可做及物动词,后面不加with, married做形容词时用法和engaged一样。
LESSON 117 现在完成时在表示条件状语从句中的用法
词汇:Time flies. 光阴似箭 precious 宝贵的珍贵的。 time and tide wait for no man时间不等人 make the best use of... 充分利用... 句子:本课复习现在完成时在表示条件的状语从句中的用法。 表示条件的状语从句通常由连词unless/if/once/when/after引导,这种从句时态一般为一般现在时或现在完成时,主句则与助动词will/can/may等连用 例如:unless I have extra money, I won't buy it. unless he has told me the truth, I won't forgive him If he has done the work, he may go when I have earned enough money, I can go
LESSON 118 have been to+地方
词汇:have been to+地方 去过哪... have been to 后面一般可以跟频率副词once/twice等,或before,不可以加ago,因为表示过去的时间(three days ago/lat year)应该用在过去时went to.../was in+地方
LESSON 120简应句有肯定简应句和否定简应句
词汇:it's my treat 由我做东 treat sb. to...请某人干什么 句子:简应句有肯定简应句和否定简应句,肯定简应句以so或too连用,与so连用时应采用倒装,与too连用不倒装。例如:he is nice, and so is she=he is nice, and she is too he will come, and so will she=he will come, and she will too 对话中,两句指的是同一个人,不论句子肯定或否定,均用so而且不倒装,例如:A:he is stupid.B: so he is/A:you can't do it.B: so I can't 否定简应句用neither/nor/either,使用neither/either时因为是副词,所以and不可以省略,用nor时因为它是连词,所以可以省略and;使用neither/nor时句子需要倒装,either则与not连用,不倒装,例如: he isn't nice, and neither is she=he isn't nice, nor is she=he isn't nice, and she isn't, either.
LESSON 121本课复习help用法
词汇:hundreds of thousands of+复数可数名词 数十万的
数量的名词后加s与of连用时做形容词,修饰后面的复数可数名词:
dozens of数十的 hundreds of数百的 thousand of数千的 legal 合法的 do you have a light 借个火好吗 where there is a will, there is a way有志者事竟成 句子:本课复习help用法。 1.help sb. (to) do...帮某人... 2.help sb. with sth. 帮某人... 3.help(to) do 帮忙... 4.help with sth. 帮忙 help做及物动词多以人做宾语,所以没有“help my work”“help the plan”,后接物时是不及物动词,需要加介词with as well表示“也”的意思时,用于肯定句中,例如 why don't you quit as well?你为什么不也戒掉呢?(意思戒掉是好事)she sings well, she is good at dancing as well(能唱会跳是好事,表示肯定) not...yet是固定搭配,不可以用never...yet,比如不可以说the book has never been written yet.
LESSON 123一个句子出现两个动词用连词and连接
词汇:honk the horn 按喇叭 句子:1.严谨语法规定,某动作到说话的时刻已经完成,用现在完成时,若还在持续,则使用现在完成进行时 2. 一个句子若出现两个动词,则需要使用连词and连接,但是有时候作者故意不使用连词,以表示两个动作同时发生,此时将第二个动词变成现在分词,形成分词短语,称为主语补足语,将连词省略。 比如:he sat there and read a newspaper=he sat there reading a newspaper 这种分词短语形成的主语补足语之前通常无逗号,但是有些前面必须加逗号,以免造成语意错误,比如: she blamed the fault on the tree saying that....她把错误归结于那棵树,那棵树说她... 两个动词无连词连接而第二个动词为be动词时,应该变成being后再省略,比如 he died was young(错) 改成he died being young,省略being变成he died young I left home being a child and came back being an old man=I left home a child and came back an old man
LESSON 125 修饰比较级的副词
词汇:every now and then 偶尔 determined 坚决的,决意的 句子:本课复习修饰比较级的副词 副词或形容词变成比较级时,通常可被much/far/a lot/a great deal/still/even等副词修饰 注意much/far/a lot可以修饰副词too, by far可以修饰最高级,表示程度很大,差距很大,做强调用法。例如:he is by far the best student I've ever seen 玩乐器时应该用play the...玩球类运动时不加the about/some/around/approximately/+数字+名词 大约... approximately/around ten passengers...大约10个乘客....
LESSON 127 if构成的虚拟语气
词汇:outcast 被排斥的人 句子:本课介绍if构成的虚拟语气及其用法 if引导的虚拟语气有以下四种: 1.表示纯粹的条件,相当于“如果某人/某事...就会...”,不存在时间限定:if+主语+动词现在时,主语+will/may/can/should+动词原形 例如if John has money, he will build a new house.这句话中我们不能判断约翰现在是否有钱,只能确定他有钱才会盖房子,此时if引导的是条件状语从句,与when/unless/once引导的从句一样,句子中动词必须是现在时,主句需有助动词。 2.表示与现在的事实相反,相当于“如果某人/某事现在怎样怎样....”:if+主语+动词过去式,主语+would/might/could/should+动词原形 if John had money, he would build a house.如果约翰有钱就会盖一所学校(但他现在没钱) 注意,if引导的从句有be动词时,不论主语为第几人称,一律使用were:if you were in my shoes, what would you do?/if he were here, he might enjoy it 3.表示与过去的事实相反,相当于“如果某人/某事过去怎样怎样...”:if+主语+had+过去分词,主语+would/might/could/should+have+过去分词 if John had seen the result yesterday, he would have been disappointed如果约翰昨天看到这个结果,就会失望(可是昨天并未看到结果,所以并未失望) 4.与未来的状况相反,相当于“如果某人/某事以后怎样怎样...”:if+主语+should+动词原形,主语+would/might/could/should+动词原形 例如:if it should rain, I would stay at home. 注意与未来状况相反的,if引导的状语从句应使用助动词should,表示万一的意思,由于未来情况难以预料,如果我们认为未来情况极可能发生时,主句的助动词可改用will/can/may等,如果不太可能发生时则使用would/could/might等 例如:if it should rain tommorrow,we would cancel the picnic.——我想明天不会下雨 if it should rain tommorrow,we will cancel the picnic——我想明天会下雨 if引导的从句里如果有were/should/或had+过去分词,可将if省略,并将were/should/had置于主语前。 例如:if he were ill....=were he ill if he should stop helping me....=should he stop helping me.... if he had learned about the result....=had he learned about the result....
LESSON 129 完全否定和部分否定 句子:按照严谨语法,无论是not all..还是all....not..都应该是部分否定,但是在现代美语中,not置于all之后应视为完全否定,但有些成语不可视为完全否定,例如all that glitters is not gold不是所有会发亮的都是黄金。 对讲究语法的人来说把all...not写成none of+数量三个或三个以上的名词或代词/neither of+数量只有两个的名词或代词才是完全否定,例如:none of the students pass the exam没有学生通过考试。 neither of my parents smokes both/all/every前置not都表示部分否定。
LESSON 131梦想实现有下列几个说法
词汇:as for sb. 至于某人 as for me, I'm going to bed teach sb. right from wrong 教某人分辨是非 tell right from wrong 分辨是非 do...a good service 对...有大的贡献
梦想实现有下列几个说法:dream has come true/dream has materialized/dream has been realized
LESSON 133常用序数词
词汇:condor 秃鹰 sparrow 麻雀 set aside(put aside) 留作...之用 you should set aside some time to visit me after all 毕竟 fly colors 大获成功 句子:常用序数词
首先:first/firstly/to begin with/in the first place
其次:second/secondly/further more/moreover/besides/in addition
最后:last/lastly/finally
毕竟:after all
总之:in conclusion/to sum up/in short
最后也是相当重要的:last but not least
LESSON 135 只可用动名词不可用不定式作宾语的动名词
词汇:put off 拖延 postpone 延期拖延 awful 糟糕的 make fun of sb. 取笑某人 to put it simply 简言之 to sum up 总的来说 it's raining cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨 句子:以下是少数只可用动名词不可以用不定式做宾语的动词 enjoy/resent/resist/practice/mind/suggest/ recommend/regret/anticipate/deny/admit leave做不完全及物动词作“任由、让”来解释,leave做不完全及物动词时,多以分词或一般形容词做补足语,句型如下: leave+宾语+一般形容词/分词 任由... leave之后如果用现在分词做宾语补足语表示主动的概念,若以过去分词做宾语补足语做被动的概念。 leave做“离开”时可与for连用后接地名,不可与to连用,表示离开哪里去哪里,例如 when will you leave for shanghai?
LESSON 137 there is no+动名词 句子: there is no+动名词=it is impossible=no one can+动词原形 没有人能.... 说故事,说谎,说实话这三个词必须要用tell a story /tell a lie/tell the truth allow做不及物动词时有下列两个用法 allow for 体谅考虑 you should allow for his situation allow of 容有...的余地(常用于否定句中) it allow of no criticism 现代美语中习惯用the+单数名词取代an/a来表示泛指同一类全体的人或事物 be married to强调状态,get married to强调动作,前者可持续,后者是瞬间
LESSON 144 borne和born均为bear的过去分词 句子:borne和born均为bear的过去分词,但borne只用于下列两个形态 1.have borne+宾语 已经生了... the woman has borne five children in all
2.be borne by sb. they say the boy was borne by marry born则用于be born形态中,之后除了不得与介词by连用外其余介词都可连用
LESSON 145 介绍way和be able to和it代替名词性从句
词汇:obedient 服从的 it's too bad that....很可惜... 句子:本课介绍way并继续介绍be able to和it代替名词性从句的用法 way可做方法态度的意思,均与介词in连用 way之前若有指示形容词this/that或所有格代词如my/her,之前的介词in可以省略,例如: you should do it my way 注意In one's way置于句首时不可省略in,in this/that way可置于句首或句尾,均可省略in the way之后可用in+which引导定语从句,修饰way,例如:I don't like the way in which he looks at me。in which也可用that取代,that通常省略,所以一般写成:I don't like the way he looks at me 无make sb. able to的用法,一般用enable to... 宾语从句中,从句里的动词分词或不定式形式必须统一,例如:I feel that to be healthy is more important than to be rich
LESSON 148医生诊疗室是doctor' office
词汇:注意区别ashtray烟灰缸
astray 误入歧途的 provide sb. with sth. have a good/dad/deep influence/effect/impact on sth./sb. 给某人或事有....的影响
医生诊疗室是doctor' office,牙医诊疗室是dentist's clinic,并且表示上班场所的名词可以省略 addict to.... do sb. a favor 帮...一个忙 eternity 永恒 美语中级
LESSON 1本课介绍由疑问词引导的名词性从句的形成及其用法以及序数词
词汇:saying 谚语 mandarin 普通话 rewarding 有益的划算的值得的 thick-skinned 厚脸皮的 advice是不可数名词前前面不可以置one/two...要用a piece of be patient with 对...有耐心 句子:本课介绍由疑问词引导的名词性从句的形成及其用法,以及序数词。 1.疑问词如何转变为名词性从句 where is...和when will...这类句子将句型变为where ...is和when...will,有do/did/does等助动词时,直接取掉助动词,后面的动词原形按照时态做变化,疑问句中若who/what/which做主语,则疑问句变名词性从句时句子结构不变,例如: who will go?变成who will go 2.名词性从句功能:名词性从句应被视为名词,可在句子里做主语、宾语、或置于be动词后做表语。例如: 做主语where he lives remains a mystery。注意名词性短语做主语时往往会形成主语过大的现象,因此可以用形式主语it代替变为it remains a mystery where he lives 作宾语I didn't pay attention to what you were saying. 做表语the problem is how we can get there 3.first/second...=firstly/secondly,但first和at first不一样,at first用于一般过去时中,表达“起初”,而first则强调次序的概念。
LESSON 3本课主要介绍动名词做主语的用法以及分词结构化简法
词汇:pastime 消遣娱乐
Vienna 维也纳
Mozart 莫扎特 waltz 华尔兹 charge n.费用 vt.索价 free of charge 免费的 pamphlet 小册子 choir 合唱团 be alive with 充满 have the time of one's life 度过某人一生中最好的时光 hesitate 犹豫 句子:本课主要介绍动名词做主语的用法,以及分词结构化简法,地方名词+be the home of及地方名词+be home of的区别和no wonder做副词的用法 1.动名词(短语)做主语时通常表示已知的事实或经验 playing basketball is fun 2.不定式(短语)做主语通常表示一种未完成或想要完成的的愿望、企图和目的。 to study abroad is my dream 3.this city was the home of Mozart and this city is the birthplace of classical music =being the city of Mozart, this city is the birthplace of classical music.这里面的being...是现在分词短语,做形容词修饰主语the city 4.地方名词+be the home of 某地是....的故乡 地方名词+be home of 某地是...所在地/出产地/聚集地 5.no wonder+主语+动词 难怪
LESSON 5本课介绍感官动词
词汇:bungee jumping 蹦极 guts 勇气 live...life=lead...life 过...的生活 nothing ventured, nothing gained 不入虎穴焉得虎子 句子:本课介绍感官动词 感官动词后动词原形做宾语补足语强调的确有事情发生,现在分词做宾语补足语强调正在发生,过去分词做宾语补足语强调被动语态
LESSON 7名词性从句做介词宾语不可以用that引导
词汇:immoral 不道德的 merciful 仁慈的 mercy killing 安乐死 euthanasia 安乐死医学术语 rack one's brains 绞尽脑汁 suffer做及物动词时表遭受短暂痛苦,而suffer from则是长期痛苦(尤其慢性病) have no heart 铁石心肠 句子:1.名词性从句做介词宾语不可以用that引导,例如:I'm worried about that he is SB(错) 如果非要用that引导,可以在介词后加the fact再加that从句,此时the fact变成介词宾语,that从句变成the fact的同位语。 2.what做复合关系代词引导的名词性从句和做疑问词引导的从句非常相似,所不同的是what做复合关系代词时译作“所...的东西”,做疑问词时只能“什么” what he said is....=the things which he said what=the things which 3.where there is life, there is hope.=if there is life, there is hope留得青山在不愁没柴烧 此处的where 视为副词连词,相当于if,引导状语从句,修饰之后的主句,类似的谚语有不少:where there is a will, there is a way有志者事竟成/where there is smoke, there is fire.无风不起浪
LESSON 9 it is ....+that从句中that从句中需使用should
词汇:thoughtful 体贴的设想周到的 thoughtless 欠考虑的 remark 言论 spoil 破坏,变馊变坏 likewise 同样的 what goes around comes around 种什么因得什么果 loan n.贷款 vt.提供贷款,借给 make ends meet 使收支平衡 句子:it is ....+that从句中that从句中需使用should:it is important that you should do....。但should常常省略,而直接接动词原形,常见的可以使用的形容词有important/imperative/necessary/essential/urgent(迫切需要的)/desirable(合意的)/advisable(明智的适当的)
LESSON 11英语中有些名词后面固定要与介词to连用
词汇:be concerned about 关心
Ireland爱尔兰
windmill 风车 on purpose 故意的 have a word with... 谈话 it is no need doing...=there is no need to do 句子:英语中有些名词后面固定要与介词to连用,这类词通常都有针对后者具有开启的作用,如key/road/answer/solution等。例如 the key of the door(错误) the key to the door the road to the victory
LESSON 13 in spite of是介词短语
词汇:praiseworthy 值得赞许的 in that 因为 quit cold turkey 断然戒烟/毒 chewing gum 口香糖(不可数) fingernail 指甲 meditation 冥想 句子:1. in spite of是介词短语,等于despite, despite是介词,所以这两个词后面不可以跟that引导的名词性从句 2.I really want to except that....这里的except是介词,后面跟了that,但是实际上这不是连词后面接that引导的名词性从句,而是except that连用时变成连词,表示“只不过,只可惜”
LESSON 15本课介绍不定式短语做副词表示目的的用法
词汇:rely on 依靠 fortuneteller 算命者 lucky charm 幸运符 bury 埋藏 bury+反身代词+in....埋头,专心 the man tried to forget his sadness by burying himself in his work substitute 替代 substitute A for B 用A代替B 句子:本课介绍不定式短语做副词表示目的的用法,以及though做副词的用法,并复习whether引导名词性从句。 1.不定式短语做副词时,可置于句首或句尾,用以表示“目的”,译成“为了...”。置于句首时,其后通常置逗号,置于句尾时则之前不用置逗号。例如: to succeed life, you must be determined I life home early to avoid the heavy traffic 注意表示目的的不定式短语还可以用以下取代: in order to+动词原形/so as to+动词原形(必须置于句尾)/with a view to+动名词/with an eye to+动名词 2.though和however都做“不过,但是”的意思,可以用在句首或句中做插入语,但是though可以用在句尾,however很少用在句尾, though置于句首时为副词连词,表虽然之意,等于although,其所引导的状语从句修饰主句,此状语从句置于主句之后两句不需要隔逗号。
LESSON 16
词汇:flunk 考试不及格,是fail的俚语用法 bump into 偶遇,不期而遇=run into/come across or what ...还是什么的 how come 为何
LESSON 17本课介绍少数动词接同系名词做宾语的用法
词汇:to top it off 更棒/糟的是 top vt. 胜过 go one block....理论上go是不及物动词后面应该加for,但是实际使用时for一律省略,类似的还有walk、run等 be designed to+动词原形 被设计来 take/make a left turn 左转 句子:本课介绍少数动词接同系名词做宾语的用法。 有些不及物动词可以变成及物动词,此时其后以其同系名词作宾语,所谓同系名词指其词源和意义与动词相同的名词,其形态和动词一样,但有时稍稍改变,例如: you sigh a deep sigh it seems like you are dreaming a terrible dream dream做不及物动词时与of连用 I dream of my father last night I always dream a sweet dream of her the fat man laughed a hearty laugh live做不及物动词用in连用 I live in Hong Kong Though I am not rich, I live a good life After the picnic, the child slept a really sound sleep.
LESSON 19本课介绍关系副词用法和使役动词have构成的“把字句”
词汇:blame 责备,归咎 blame+事+on+人=blame+人+for+事 因某事责备某人 forehead 前额 pregnant 怀孕的 go on a diet 节食 句子:本课介绍关系副词用法以及suggest用法和使役动词have构成的“把字句” 1.have+宾语+过去分词=把....什么怎样 I'll have my car washed 2.关系副词共有四个:when/where/why/how a.where修饰表地方的名词 that's the town where I was born b.when修饰表时间的名词 next Saturday is the day when I scheduled for USA c.why只用来修饰the reason that's the reason why he fired d.how只用来修饰the way,但是使用时the way之后的how一定要省略 that's the way I make ends meet 实际情况中,在限定修饰(即定语从句之前无逗号)的结构中,where/when/why均可省略,how必须省略 不过关系副词所修饰的名词若置于be动词之后做表语时,我们可以省略该名词,而保留关系副词。例如 that's the reason why I am angry=that's why I am angry 3.suggest后接that引导的名词性从句做宾语时,有下列两种情况 a.suggest做“建议”时,为意志动词,其后that从句中需要使用助动词should,但should往往省略而直接接动词原形,意志动词有下面这些: 建议:suggest/recommend/advise/urge/ propose/move 要求:ask/desire/demand/require/request 命令:order/command 规定:rule/regulate/stipulate/prescribe 主张:insist/advocate/maintain I propose that we (should) continue this meeting tomorrow b.suggest若做“暗示,示意”时其后的that从句中动词用一般时态 bob's attitude suggested (that)he was fed up with his job
LESSON 20
词汇:put on+重量=gain+重量 增加重量 kilo 公斤 fancy 高级的花哨的 eat out 在外头用餐 cheap通常指物品价格低廉且质量低廉;而inexpensive则指东西不贵但质量未必很差,另外以上词汇可以用来修饰物品,但不能修饰价钱,价钱贵贱要用high或low来修饰 the price of the house is high pale 苍白
LESSON 21本课介绍for做“当作”用法,及物动词help用法
词汇:fix/make/prepare coffee for 为某人泡咖啡 that is,...换言之,也就是说=that is to say/in other words ground coffee 磨咖啡 ground 被研磨的 grind 磨碎 句子:本课介绍for做“当作”用法,及物动词help用法 1.bought this for 1 dollar这里的for表示“当作...的价值”,有等价交换的概念,之后接表金钱的名词,用来表示价格 吃...当作早餐午餐晚餐也用for来表示 what would you like to eat for dinner? 2.help用法有下: a.help+(to)+动词原形 帮忙 mother wants me to help (to)do the dishes can you help(to)correct this composition? b.help+人+(to)+动词原形 帮某人 little John helped his father(to)wash the car c.help with+名词 帮忙 Tom agreed to help with our plan d.help+人+with+名词 帮某人 My brother always helps me with my homework
LESSON 22
词汇:coffee本来是不可数名词,但是在现代美语中coffee常被视为可数名词,因此可以说a coffee, two coffees类似用法还有beer/milk/coke in my way 挡了某人的路
I missed my stop because there were too many people in my way on bus. feel like+动名词 想要
Irish 爱尔兰(人)的 drunk 喝醉的 tipsy 微醉的
LESSON 23本课介绍名词短语用法及副词连词as soon as用法
词汇:look into 调查研究
It is worth one's while to+动词原形 值得某人 it is worthwhile +动名词/to+动词原形 很值得,有用 worthwhile 值得做的有用的 it is worth your while to see a play like this proposal 建议 look over 过目,大略看 pull over 把车开到一边(口语) result from...起因于 prove to be 被发现是.../结果是...=turn out to be lifesaver 救命者 keep/bear...in mind/keep/bear in mind that从句 将...牢记在心 hope for the best but prepare for the worst 抱最大希望但做最坏打算 dizzy 眩晕的 tell a joke 讲笑话
I bet! 我确信! 句子:本课介绍名词短语用法,及副词连词as soon as用法,并介绍therefore做插入语用法 1.名词短语由“疑问词+不定式短语”组成,如: when to leave/where to go/how to get there/what to do/which to take 2.as soon as是副词连词,引导的状语从句修饰句中的主句,它还可以由the instant/moment来取代,另外下列句式也可以取代 Helen had no sooner seen the cockroach than she screamed Helen had hardly/scarcely seen the cockroach when/before she screamed 由于no sooner/hardly/scarcely均为否定副词,所以置于句首时其后过去完成时助动词had需与主语倒装 Hardly/scarcely had Helen seen the cockroach when/before she screamed. 3.therefore作为连接性副词。有些副词具有连词的意味却不能做连词用,此类副词就叫连接性副词,使用时可以置于句首,其后加逗号,或置于两个句子间,其前置分号其后加逗号,亦可做插入语使用,插在主语与动词之间,助动词与动词之间或主语与助动词之间,相同用法的连接性副词还有however。 a.主语与动词之间 it's hot outside.therefore,I prefer to stay home=it's hot outside;therefore,I prefer to stay home=it's hot outside.I,therefore,prefer to stay home b.助动词与动词之间/主语与助动词之间 my wife is sick.therefore,I must go home early= my wife is sick;therefore,I must go home early= my wife is sick. I must,therefore,go home early= my wife is sick.I,therefore,must go home early
LESSON 25本课介绍少数及物动词之后须接动名词作宾语的用法
词汇:dos and don'ts 该做和不该做的事,注意事项 western若指西部方向的则无需大写,但若特指西方的、欧美的、美国西部的,W必须大写 be in the habit of 有...的习惯 slurp 饮食出声
By doing so 通过这么做 host 男主人 hostess 女主人 slide 幻灯片
Westerner 西方人士 soup 汤(不可数)
喝汤用eat soup pick one's teeth 剔牙 put on 涂抹 no-no 禁止的事物 when it comes to +名词/动名词 说到、提到... 句子:本课介绍少数及物动词之后须接动名词作宾语的用法,以及find做不及物动词的用法 1.有些及物动词之后只可接动名词作宾语,不可以接动词不定式,常见如下: enjoy/deny/admit/avoid/consider/practice/escape/risk/quit/resent/suggest/recommend/mind 2.不完全及物动词是指此类动词加了宾语后意思并不完整,须在宾语之后另置形容词或名词补充其意思的不足,此时该形容词或名词就称为宾语补足语 a.find可做及物动词也可做不完全及物动词,做及物动词时译作“发现,找到” the police find me find做不完全及物动词时译作“发现/觉得...是” I find the man dishonest find做不完全及物动词时,不可直接接不定式短语,要先用形式宾语it取代,加了补足语后再接不定式短语 I find it cool to play PC b.think/consider译作“认为....是”/believe译作“相信,认为是...”的时候也是不完全及物动词
LESSON 26
词汇:marathon 马拉松 kind of 多多少少,有点=sort of a kind of+名词 一种 kind of/sort of作为副词短语,其后可接动词、形容词或副词。I kind of love you aborigine 土著,原住民 in that case...如此一来/那样(的话)... postpone 延期 tell +人+off 责备某人 no wonder+主语+动词... 难怪...做副词用,修饰整个句子
LESSON 27 本课介绍使役动词用法
词汇:thank+所有格+lucky stars 自庆幸运,感谢自己的好运气 you should thank your lucky stars lottery 奖券 laundry 待洗的衣服
没有连字符-的part/full time亦有人将其做副词使用,置于动词之后 expense 支出,牺牲,花费 naughty 调皮的 spank 拍击(尤其指打屁股) on the contrary,主语+动词 相反的...=instead,主语+动词 believe it or not 信不信由你 stingy 小气的 for fear of+动名词 以免/唯恐...=for fear that 主语 may/might+动词=lest+主语+(should)+动词 we took cab for fear of being late=we took cab for fear that we might be late=we took a cab lest we (should) be late sue 控告 sue sb. for sth. be amazed at =be surprised at whenever+主语+动词,主句=each time+主语+动词,主句=every time+主语+动词,主句 每当/次......
上述结构中,each/every time虽然是名词短语,但做副词连词使用,等于whenever,且后面的主句中不适用always, always是个赘词。 complain of/about+名词/动名词 抱怨/不满...,控诉... complain+that从句 抱怨... complain是不及物动词时后面必须有介词接宾语,做及物动词时其后仅能接that引导的名词性从句做宾语 句子:本课介绍使役动词用法 a:叫、令、使 make/have+人+动词原形 叫某人做... get+人+to+动词原形 叫某人做... Paul's father made him paint the house the boss had the secretary type the letter dad got me to wash the car 注意:make可以用于被动语态,但have和get则不行 be made to+动词原形 被要求/命令做... have和get加宾语后,其后亦可接过去分词做补足语,此时have/get译成“把...”句型如下 have/get+宾语+过去分词 把... I had my car fixed when did you get your hair cut 这里面用过去分词,分别表示“被修理”,暗示这个事情是委托别人所做,而不是自己 b.让... 表“让”的动词只有let,其后用动词原形做补足语,并可以使用(很少使用)被动语态 let sb.+动词原形 让某人 be let to+动词原形 被允许 c.强迫、要求、怂恿、催促 此类动词+人+to+动词原形 I forced him to recite the lesson I ask him to write the letter I urged him to work hard 此类动词变被动语态时,仍用不定式短语做补足语。 I ask him to write the letter变为he was asked to write the letter
LESSON 28
词汇:steak 牛排 pork chop 猪排 day in and day out 日复一日 papaya 木瓜 句子:how come+主语+动词 为什么...?=why is it that+主语+动词...?=why+倒装句 how come your English is so good?=why is it that your English is so good?=why is you English so good?
LESSON 29本课复习看、听、感觉,三类感官动词
词汇:take pains 努力、费力 crack 发出啪啪的声音 get the fright of one's life 一生受到的最大惊吓 doze off 打瞌睡 句子:本课复习看、听、感觉,三类感官动词 这三类感官动词接了宾语后,可用动词原形做宾语补足语,表示已发生的事实。或用现在分词做宾语补足语,表进行的状态。或用过去分词表被动,常见的感官动词有以下: 看:see watch look at 听:hear listen 感觉:feel
LESSON 30
词汇:lazybones 懒货(单复数同形) fall ill 生病 fall 变为 shake like a leaf 抖得厉害 thank goodness=thank god有宗教信仰的人一般不说god,所以很多人说goodness take A for B 把A当作B
LESSON 31本课复习不完全及物动词和they say...用法
词汇:geomancy 占卜,风水 brand-new 崭新的 consult vt.请教vi.商量磋商 master n.大师 vt.精通 advise+人+on+事 就某方面给人建议 advise+人+to+动词原形 建议某人做 advise+that+主语+(should)+动词原形 建议 high rise 高楼大厦 deem 认为 in view of 鉴于 the Mafia 黑手党 句子:本课复习不完全及物动词和they say...用法 a.deem/think/consider/believe(认为...是...)/find(发现...是...)做不完全及物动词时,其后不可直接用不定式短语做宾语,而要先用形式宾语it取代,加了补足语(名词或形容词)后,再接不定式短语 I deem it an honor for me to deliver this speech 由于think/consider/believe/find亦可作为完全及 动词,其后以that引导的名词性从句做宾语, think/consider译成“认为”believe译成“相信/认为”find译成“发现/觉得” b.they say that=it is said that=people say that 表“谣传”时可用下列句型 word has it that=rumor has it that=it is rumored that 在word/rumor前不可用任何冠词 word has it/rumor has it/it is rumored that the bank is about to close down
LESSON 32
词汇:goldfish 是单复数同型的名词,常见的还有sheep/deer/reindeer/bison/trout/salmon aquarium 鱼缸,水族馆 complicated 复杂的 bump into 撞到、偶遇 lamppost 路灯柱
LESSON 33本课介绍“make it a rule to+动词原形”
词汇:deadly 致命的 drown 溺亡 in some cases 在某些情况下,有时 riptide 激流 underwater 水面下的,水中的 on shore 在岸边 off shore离开岸边 panic紧张、恐慌 panic作动词时,其动词之过去式和过去分词须加k后再接ed和ing,即panicked/panicking by no means 绝对不 tide 潮水 get tired=tire oneself out parallel 平行的
A is parallel to B A与B平行 stroke (游泳的)划 be out of danger 脱离危险 句子:本课介绍“make it a rule to+动词原形”(养成...的习惯,习惯于...)的用法,并介绍“数量词+名词+and+主语+助动词+动词原形”的用法 a.make it a rule to+动词原形=be in the habit of+动名词 bill make it a rule to take a walk everyday bill is in the habit of taking a walk everyday b. 数量词+名词+and+主语+助动词+动词原形 one more step and I 'll shoot two more hours and I'll be leaving for America 类似用法还有“以动词原形为首的祈使句+and/or+主语+助动词+动词原形 scratch my back and I'll scratch yours shut up or you'll be in trouble
LESSON 34
词汇:lifesaving 救生的 lifeguard 救生员 groggy (因生病疲劳喝酒而)软弱无力的 savior 拯救者 breathe vi. 呼吸 breath n. 呼吸 breathy adj.呼吸的 hold one's breath 屏息静气 catch one's breath 喘过气来 take a deep breath 深呼吸 packed 拥挤的、挤满人的
CPR心肺复苏术
give sb. CPR 给某人做CPR resuscitation 复苏 cardiopulmonary 心肺的 mouth-to-mouth resuscitation 口对口人工呼吸 take it easy 冷静点 buddy 老兄
LESSON 35本课复习“it takes +表条件的名词+to+动词原形"
词汇:sense 感觉 a sense of duty 责任感 a sense of humor 幽默感 orphan 孤儿 take the view that从句 认为... take chances 冒险 progress 进步 stray 走失的,迷路的 take risks 冒险 at the risk of 冒...之险 upbringing 教养 play it safe 谨慎行事以保安全 a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush一鸟在手胜于两鸟在林 conservative 保守的 confess 承认 at times 有时 admittedly 公认的,不可否认的 句子:本课复习“it takes +表条件的名词+to+动词原形”(从事...需要...条件)的用法,并介绍as取代though的用法,以及“倍数词+as...as...”是...的几倍的用法 a.it certainly takes courage to take risks 冒险的确需要勇气 这句用到了“it takes +表条件的名词+to+动词原形”(从事...需要...条件)的句型 b.though(虽然)引导的状语从句,若有下列结构出现时,though可以用as取代: 1.though+主语+be动词/连系动词(seem\appear\look...)+形容词,主句= 形容词+though+主语+be动词/连系动词,主句=形容词+as+主语+be动词/连系动词,主句 例如:though he is rich, he is very stingy=rich though he is, he is very stingy=rich as he is ,he is very stingy though he looked calm, he was nervous inside= clam though she looked, she was nervous inside= clam as she looked, she was nervous inside 2.though+主语+动词+副词,主句 =副词+though+主语+动词,主句 =副词+as+主语+动词,主句 例如though he ran fast, he didn't win the race= fast though he ran, he didn't win the race= fast as he ran, he didn't win the race c.倍数词+as...as...(是...几倍)的句型中,第一个as是副词,译成“一样的”,其后须接形容词或副词以供修饰;而第二个as则为连词副词,译成“和...”,其所引导的状语从句修饰其前第一个as,其造句步骤如下: 他的年纪是我的两倍——先译“他的年纪和我一样” he is as old as I——第二步再将倍数词“两倍(twice)”置于第一个as之前 he is twice as old as I 注意倍数词除了half\twice\three(four\five) times外,还有下列倍数词: one-third 三分之一 two-third 三分之二 three-fourths 四分之三 one-fifth 五分之一 two-fifth 五分之二 等等.....
LESSON 36
词汇:maniac 热衷者、疯子 console 安慰 no point in+动名词=there is no point in+动名词= there is no sense in+动名词=there is no use+动名词 做...是没有意义的 cry over 为...而哭 you are wasting your tears crying over that bitch spilt milk 洒出的牛奶 a one -woman man 感情专一的男人
LESSON 37本课介绍及物动词cease用法so to speak/range from to用法
词汇:garbage/rubbish/trash/junk 都是垃圾,是不可数名词 stroke n. 中风 come up with 想出 unrest (社会)不安不稳 so to speak 可以说 句子:本课介绍及物动词cease用法和so to speak/range from to用法 cease后面可以接不定式短语或者动名词作宾语,和stop一样一样儿的 so to speak可以置于句尾,也常做插入语使用,尤其置于be动词以后 you are a magician, so to speak ....which range from...to...=....ranging from...to范围从哪到哪
LESSON 38
词汇:beats me 问倒我了 gee whiz! 哇! gold chain 金链子 be through 结束,做完 cry over+名词 为...而哭泣 pastime 娱乐消遣 hankies 手帕(复数) it pays to+动词原形 做...是值得的 句子:how+形容词/副词+(主语+动词)! 真是...! how+形容词+of+人+to+动词原形! 某人真是...! how rude of you to interrupt me
LESSON 39 本课介绍need的用法和if取代whether引导名词性从句
词汇:foreign exchange 外汇 teller 银行柜员 brush up on...复习 handing charge 手续费 commission 佣金 句子:本课介绍need的用法和if取代whether引导名词性从句做及物动词宾语的用法 need+名词 需要... need to+动词原形 必须... 若某物“需要”某种方式处理时,need之后可接不定式短语,但一定为被动语态,或接动名词,但一定为主动语态。例如 the door needs to be fixed =the door needs fixing need与not并用时,need not视为助动词,无人称时态变化,其后直接置动词原形 need not+动词原形 不必... he need not go 表过去状况时didn't need to+动词原形 当时不必.... need not have+过去分词 当时不必... 以上两种句法完全不同,第一句表示过去的事实,第二句则为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 he didn't need to attend the meeting, so he stayed home 当时他不必去开会,所以留在家里 you need not have given me so much money你当时不必给我这么多钱(但是给了) 2.whether引导的名词性从句在句中若做及物动词宾语时,则可用if取代,此时if译成是否,而非如果 if若做如果解时,是副词连词,引导状语从句,修饰全句 if I have time, I will help you
LESSON 41本课介绍对等短语连词用法
词汇:tan n.皮肤因日晒而成的黄褐色v.晒成黄褐色 outgoing 外向的,喜欢外出的 scenery 风景 a good amount of+不可数名词 大量的 sunscreen lotion 防晒乳液
Afro-American 非洲裔美国人 句子:本课介绍对等短语连词用法 1.对等短语连词可用以连接对等的单词短语或从句,常见的有 both...and.... ..和.... ...as well as... ...以及... not only...but also...不仅...而且 not... but....并非...而是 either...or...要不...就是... neither...nor...既非...也非... ...rather than... 而非 连接单词:the professor's speech was both interesting and instructive=the professor's speech was interesting as well as instructive 连接短语:she is interested both in music an in writing=she is interested in music as well as in writing 连接从句:he succeeded both because he was intelligent and because he was handsome=he succeeded because he was intelligent as well as because he was handsome 注意both...and..连接主语时,主语视为复数,其后要用复数动词。both you and I are..... as well as和rather than连接主语时,其后动词要随第一个主语做变化。peter as well as I is.....=peter no less than I is...=peter along with me is....=peter together with me is....彼得和我都..... he rather than I is in charge of the office=the man who is in charge of the office is him rather than me 后面的另外四个对等连词连接对等主语时,其后动词要随最近的主语做变化:not only you but I am... not only but also连接对等的主句时,not only置于句首,其后的句子采用倒装结构,且but also在连接句子时,also要省略,或置于句中,而不能在but also后面直接接句子: not only is he clever, but he is (also)humorous
LESSON 42
词汇:roast beef 烤牛肉 roast a.烤好的v.烤 what on earth happened to you=what in the world happened to you此处的on the earth和in the world是究竟的意思 eat in/out在家/外面用餐
LESSON 43
词汇:hi-tech 高科技的 librarian 图书管理员 get married 结婚 correspond 写信 get in touch with 与...联络 flirt 调情 spouse 配偶 give ... a shot 尝试
因为:thanks to/due to/owing to/because of/on account of/as a result of以上只有due是形容词, 所以前面可以加be动词,做表语
LESSON 44不定式短语置于名词后做形容词时
词汇:be better off(+介词短语、现在分词)...处境更佳 be better off是be well off的比较级 gee 感叹词,相当于“咦、哇” be bored with=be tired of 厌烦做 句子:不定式短语置于名词后做形容词时,该名词一定要做其后不定式短语中动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,例如 if you want to get the information you need, he's the man to see I have no one to play with
LESSON 45课强调not only..but also...用法
词汇:tough 费力的
Thai boxing泰拳 opponent 对手 martial artist 武术家,习武之人 start off 开始、展开 honor 敬意 句子:本课强调not only..but also...用法 a.句中有be 动词时,主语与be动词倒装 not only is she pretty, but she is clever as well b.句中有助动词时,主语与助动词倒装 not only can he speak English... c.句中为一般动词时,在主语前按动词时态加do/does/did,其后用动词原形
LESSON 46
词汇:brutal 残忍的 不人道的 punching 拳打(不可数) handle 处理、应付 in advance 预先、事先 landlord 房东 rent 租金 句子:how do/does/did+人+like+事=what do/does/did+人+think of+事 某人觉得某事如何
LESSON 47本课介绍如何避免双重连接的错误结构
词汇:pop up 突然冒出来 regular 正常的、一般的 fries 炸薯条 句子:本课介绍如何避免双重连接的错误结构 我们因受中文的“虽然...但是...”的影响,经常错误的说成though(although)....but...,因为英文中规定两句之间的连词只能有一个,而though与but均为连词,如此一来就形成了双重连接的错误结构,所以用though或but时,另一个就该省略。because...so...也是错误的结构
LESSON 48
词汇:cashier 柜台收银员 save it 不必客套了/省省吧 would you care for...=would you like... milkshake 奶昔 how does it feel to....感觉如何呢
I've had enough 我受够了 familiar 熟悉的
人+be familiar with+事=事+be familiar to+人 某人熟悉某物 be famous as+身份 以...的身份闻名 be famous for+事 以...事 闻名 in a rush=in a hurry=in haste(不可置于be动词后)匆忙的
LESSON 49本课介绍millions of+复数名词和have trouble+动名词的用法
词汇:hit the sack 就寝,睡觉 avoid之后需接动名词或名词作宾语,不可接不定式短语 position 姿势 alternative n. 选择 ear plugs 耳朵塞子 句子:本课介绍millions of+复数名词和have trouble+动名词的用法,并介绍关系代词的种类的用法 1.millions of+复数名词 数以百万计的 thousands of+复数名词 数以千计的 tens of thousands of+复数名词 数以万计的 hundreds of thousands of+复数名词 数以十万计的 tens of millions of+复数名词 数以千万计的 以上短语中的复数名词前不可以加the或所有格my/his/her等 注意hundred/thousand/million作形容词时之前可置数字,但是后面不可加-s,其后直接置名词,例如 two hundred people.... 2.have trouble/difficulty/problems/a hard time /a good time/fun/ in doing sth. 上述用法中,短语之后理应有个介词in(经常省略),所以短语后需接动名词做宾语,不能接不定式。 3.使用关系代词时要注意以下要点 关系代词前一定要有先行词(名词) 关系代词在其引导的定语从句中要做主语或宾语 否则关系代词前一定要有介词,例如he is a man with whom I enjoy working(work是不及物动词,故whom无法做宾语) 而该介词通常移至句尾,此时可省略关系代词,例如he is a man(whom)I enjoy working with 4.限定性与非限定性的区别 a.限定性修饰:普通名词若不具特殊性,而欲加强其特殊性时,可用定语从句加以修饰,但定语从句之前不得置逗号。翻译时译成“.....的”,例如 he is the student who studies hard 他是个用功的学生 b.非限定性:专有名词(Peter/Bill/Taipei等)及独一性名词(father/mother等)之后接关系代词引导的定语从句时,该关系代词之前一定要置逗号,此时就是非限定性定语从句。换言之,专有或独一性名词本身就具有特殊性,不必再用定语从句加以限定,例如 I met Nancy, who is an old friend of mine.我遇到南希,她是一位老盆友。 c.一般名词前已有形容词加以修饰而具有特殊性,如a good person/a great man,或该名词本来就具备特殊性,gentleman/rascal,则该名词之后的定语从句可用非限定性修饰以减低该句的重要性,也可用限定性修饰以增加被修饰名词的特殊性。 5.that做关系代词时,只能出现在限制性定语从句且之前不可有介词 6.做宾格的whom/which/that在限制性修饰的结构中可以省略 that is the man (whom) I met yesterday
LESSON 50
词汇:stand 忍受 not sleep a wink 一会儿也没睡 do+人+a world of good 对某人大有好处 doing regular exercise will do you a world of good come to think of it 令我想起/明白了一件事
LESSON 51表日期或星期几用介词on
词汇:fall 降临、秋天 settler 移民、开垦者 survive vi.生还、生存 vt.比...活得久、熬过 survive+人 比某人活得久 my mother survived my father by one year survive+事物 熬过... hunt 打猎 feast 盛宴 vi. cannot be used in passive voice 句子:表日期或星期几用介词on,表年月季节上下午晚上用介词in,表时刻用介词at,在日期或星期几连用的上午下午晚上,介词应以日期星期几为准,用on,如on Monday morning, on the afternoon of July 4
LESSON 52
词汇:ham 火腿 wine 水果酒 liquor 烈酒 come by 造访、看望 castle 城堡、象棋中的车
LESSON 53本课复习in which, for which, on which, at which的不同用法
词汇:monkey around胡闹、鬼混=horse around=fool around=idle around=goof around buffet 自助餐 pile 堆积 peanut 花生 turn out to+动词原形 出来、出现 句子:本课复习in which, for which, on which, at which的不同用法和简应句 1.这些都是定语从句里面,由which引导的定语从句,介词提前。in which可以翻译成在...里面,for which可以翻译成为了...目的,on which可以翻译成在...的上面,或具体时间的某一天,at which可以翻译成在...里面或在...上面这些介词的使用除了意思上的区别,具体是要以which引导的从句而定的。例如: (1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. = The school in which he once studied is very famous. (2) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. = Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. (3) I have a dresser in my bedroom, which there are many cosmetics on. = I have a dresser in my bedroom on which there are many cosmetics. (4)The dumpling House which he often has dumplings at is very popular. = The dumpling House is very popular, at which he often has dumplings. 当然这只是介词作为基本意思的用法,还有一些固定搭配,得具体情况具体分析。例如: The plane may be several hours late, in which case there’s no point in our waiting. (固定搭配:in the case) The speaker paused to examine his notes, at which point a loud crash was heard. (固定搭配:at the point) Ten years of hard work changed her greatly, for which reason he could hardly recognize her at first sight. (固定搭配:for the reason) The film at which I fell asleep was very boring. (Here "at which" is based on "fell asleep at the film"因为电影无聊而睡觉。) The little creature in which scientists are interested is known as ET. (这里"be interested in"是词组原因) This is the book for which he is looking. (即等于This is the book which he is looking for,这主要是因为look for 这一短语) 2. whose和 of which的区别 a.关系代词whose,引导定语从句时,既可指人,又可指物,在从句中只能作定语;of whom只能指人;of which只能指物,有时whose可以与of whom和of which互换使用。例如: The girl whose hair is golden is from England. 头发金色的那个女孩是英国人。 The house whose doors(of which the doors) are green is an office building. 门是绿色的那座房子是办公楼。 b.“介词 + whose +名词”引导定语从句。如: I love my motherland, for whose good future I will work hard. 我爱我的祖国,为了她美好的未来我要努力工作。 c.在下列情况下,一般只用of whom和of which。 (1)定语从句的主语是few, little, some, most, many, much等时,一般只用of whom和of which。 例如: In the room are lots of people, many of whom I don’t know. 房间里有很多人,很多人我不认识。 He has a lot of story-books, a few of which I have never read. 他有很多故事书,有几本故事书我还从未看过。 (2)定语从句的主语是数词、形容词的最高级时,一般只用of whom和of which。如: The old man has three children, two of whom are college students and one of whom is a manager. 那个老人有三个小孩,其中两个是大学生,另一个是经理。 (3)定语从句的主语是all, none, both, neither, each等不定代词时,一般只用of whom和of which。如: There are fifty students in our class, all of whom are working hard. 我们班有五十个学生,所有这五十个学生学习都刻苦。 He planted two trees last year, both of which are growing well. 去年他栽了两棵树,这两棵树都长得好。 (4)在定语从句中作表语的定语时,一般只用of whom和of which。如: He has three brothers, of whom Li Lei is the youngest one. 它有三兄弟,李雷是他们中最小的一个。 There are many countries in Asia, of which China is the largest one. 亚洲有很多国家,中国是最大的一个。 (5)形式不同。如: the house____ windows face south is my room A. of which B. whose C. which D. its 【解答】此题正确答案是B,不能选择A。选择of which时应在名词前加上定冠词the,也就是名词前有the就只能用of which。如果名词前没有冠词,就用whose。若上题改为The house ____the windows face south is our reading-room,则此题只能选A不能选B了。 (6) of which除了可以表示所属关系外,还可以用来表示整体的关系,而whose则不能。例: He borrowed a book of which the author was a peasant. In Barcelona the Chinese team got 16 gold medals, of which 12 were won by women. 第一句中的of which就可以用whose来代替,因为这个句子中of是用来表示所属关系的。可改写成: He borrowed a book whose author was a peasant. 而第二句中的of which不能用whose代替,因为这个句子中的of不是表示所属关系,而是表示整体与部分的关系。 (7) 引导非限制性定语从句多用whose,而很少用表示所属关系的介词of加上关系代词which。如: There is a mysterious lake at the foot of the hill, whose depth has never been measured. 山脚下有个神秘的湖,其深度从未被测量过。 如介词of不表示所属关系,而是用来表示整体与部分的关系,此时就经常引导非限制性定语从句了。如: There are 102 elements found in nature, of which most are metals. The story about Long March, of which this is one example, are well written. I’d like a car whose front lights are big and round I’d like a car, the front lights of which are big and round. The book, the cover of which is broken, is not mine. The book, whose cover is broken, is not mine. 3.肯定简应句中用so或too,使用so时,其后必须采用倒装结构,且so为副词,故其前须置and.而too多置于句尾,其前多置逗号,例如: 句子有be动词时 he is a doctor, and so is his father=he is a doctor, and his father is ,too. 句子有助动词时 he can swim, and so can I=he can swim, and I can, too. 句子只有一般动词,在简应句部分则须根据时态人称使用do/did/does he failed the exam, and so did she=he failed the exam, and she did too. 注意在对话中如果两句指同一个人,不论句子是肯定或否定,均用so引导,且不倒装,此时so有的确的意思,例如: A:she is pretty B:so she is A:you can't sleep B:so I can't 4.否定简应句中用neither/nor时其后采用倒装,且因neither是副词,其前须置and,而nor为连词,前面不必置and。either则在句尾使用,前面要有否定连词not,再置逗号,用法如下: 句子有be动词时 John isn't a student, and neither am I=John isn't a student, nor am I=John isn't a student, and I am not, either. 句子有助动词时 I can't speak English, and neither can Sam= I can't speak English, nor can Sam= I can't speak English, and Sam can't either 句子有一般动词时 I never drink, and neither does him= I never drink, nor does him= I never drink, and he doesn't, either.
LESSON 54
词汇:spice 情趣、趣味、香料、调味品 spicy adj.口味重的(尤其指辣) variety is the spice of life 人生多样化才有意思 be on vacation 度假
Bangkok 曼谷 a wide range of+名词=a wide variety of+名词
形形色色、许多各种不同的
periodical 定期刊物 what have you got in mind 你心里有何打算 dying 渴望的、快死的 be dying to+动词原形=be eager to+动词原形=be longing to+动词原形 渴望、非常想要 you've got to be kidding=you must be kidding no wander 难怪了 have a good time in 动名词(通常省略in) 从事...很愉快
LESSON 55本课介绍副词连词now that(既然、现在...)的用法
词汇:have a chance of+动名词 有....的机会 sperm 精子 alive adj.活的、在世的(通常置于be动词或连系动词后做表语,或名词后做后位修饰,不可置于名词前修饰) as if 仿佛、好像 come back to life again 复活 句子:本课介绍副词连词now that(既然、现在...)的用法,并复习make做不完全及物动词用法 1.now that...是副词连词,译成“既然”或“现在”引导状语从句修饰主句,且因受now的影响,从句中的时态须为一般现在时或现在进行时。例如 now that he has a job, he isn't so worry about money since亦可表示既然,而其后可以接各种时态的从句。 2.make做不完全及物动词时译为“使...成为...”加宾语后可接名词或形容词做宾语补足语。例如: Marrying Prince Charles made Diana a princess. you try to make me happy. make也可以接动词原形做宾语补足语,此时make为使役动词,译为“使...”,例如 writing an English book makes me feel good 注意虽然make可以接动词原形做补足语,但是由于之后也可以直接接名词或形容词,故不必造出下列句子: marrying Prince Charles made Diana be a princess. you try to make me be happy
LESSON 56 as if...
词汇:be better off 情况较好、日子过得比较好 Ben is better off single than married we are much better off without children raise 养育、举起 brat (贬义)乳臭未干没有礼貌的小子 ridiculous 荒谬的 adopt 收养 win做及物动词时不可接“人”做宾语,,表示赢过某人需要用“beat/defeat” as if...仿佛、好像=as though
两者均为副词连词,在其引导的状语从句中,动词可用现在时(表极大可能)、过去时(表与现在事实相反)、过去完成时(表与过去事实相反)等
It looks as if she's going to cry她看起来好像要哭了
Mrs. Smith treats me as if I were her child史密斯对待我仿佛我是她孩子一样(与现在事实相反) she talked about me as if we had known each other for a long time 她谈论我仿佛我们已经认识好久了(与过去事实相反的意味) it is time +that从句....该是...的时候了
因为表达是时候了但是还没做,所以要用与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,因此从句必须用过去式
LESSON 57本课介绍the same...as...、do的强调用法和whose
词汇:Asian 亚洲的、亚洲人 higher education 高等教育 secondary education 初高中教育 elementary education 小学初等教育 open doors to 开启...之门、为....提供机会 expose 使接触到(文化知识等) expose A to B 使A接触B dream不可直接接人做宾语,要加of invest 投资 invest in 投资于 invest A in B 将A投资在B中 real estate 房地产不动产 dye(染色)的现在分词dying要和dying(濒死)区别开 句子:本课介绍the same...as...、do的强调用法和whose 1.the same是形容词,表“相同的”,而as则为准关系代词(即既当连词亦做关系代词的词类),译成“和”,换言之,as可以视为关系代词,在所引导的定语从句中作主语、宾语、be动词之后的表语。且as等于“as the +前面的名词+关系代词(who/whom/which/that) 做主语:I have exactly the same car as was described in the magazine. 本句as=as the car that 作宾语:I have the same book as you do. 本句as=as the book which,之后的do是代动词,代替前面的have避免动词重复使用。 作be动词后的表语:he is not the same man as he used to(be). as=as the man that 2.助动词do/does/did做强调用法时,在肯定句的动词前,按主语人称及时态不同置入do/does/did,再将后面动词改为原形。例如: my son does work hard but he doesn't do very well in school. 3.whose代替物时,whose+名词可以被the+名词+of+which取代,例如: this is a fancy sports car,whose color I like very much= this is a fancy sports car,the color of which I like very much
LESSON 58
词汇:like father,like son 有其父必有其子 messy 脏乱的 conservative 保守的 be fed up with 厌烦...、受够了 the taxi driver is fed up with traffic jam upbringing 教养、管教 strict 严格的 live by 按照...(原则)做人处事 live on 以...为生 what a nut 好个疯子 call someone name 辱骂某人
LESSON 59本课介绍“主语+used to+动词原形”(过去经常...)的用法
词汇:moral 道德上的 abortion 堕胎 take pride in 以...为荣 pride comes before a fall 骄兵必败 humble 谦卑的(卑贱) pretentious 虚伪的 stylish 时髦的 hairdo 发型 appear 显得、似乎 appear+形容词=appear to be 名词 显得...... materialistic 注重物质享受的 liking 喜好 modernization 现代化 advancement 进步、升迁 句子:本课介绍“主语+used to+动词原形”(过去经常...)的用法 要注意区别“主语+be used to+名词/动名词”和“主语+be accustomed to+名词/动名词”两者译为习惯于,使用这两个句型时,主语通常是人或有思想的动物。例如 the farmer is used to living in the city
LESSON 60
词汇:make a guess 猜测 earring 耳环 be to one's liking 符合某人的喜好或期望
LESSON 61本课介绍whatever和however等等各种ever用法
词汇:get around+地方名词 在某地四处走动 know+事物+like the back of one's hand对某事了如指掌
Tom grew up in the city and known is like the back of his hand tour guide 导游 advise sb. on sth.就某事给某人建议 advise sb. to+动词原形 忠告某人去做什么... be worth+名词/动名词 值得... 句子:本课介绍whatever和however等等各种ever用法 1.做复合关系代词引导定语从句或名词性从句部分 whatever是复合关系代词,等于anything that,译成“所...的任何东西”所谓复合关系代词是由两个词类复合而成,一方面含有先行词(anyone/anything等等),一方面又含有关系代词(如who/whom/which/that),复合关系代词有以下几个: whoever=anybody who whomever=anybody whom what=the thing(s) that(所...的东西) whatever=anything that(所...的任何东西) whichever=anyone that(同一类的任何一个...,表三者或三者以上)=either that(同一类的任何一个...,表两者) whoever用法: 使用whoever做复合关系代词时,先视whoever为两个词,即anyone who,由于anyone是代词,在主句中可以做主语或宾语,而who为主格的关系代词,故在所引导的定语从句中只能做主语。(在whoever引导的句子中只能做主语,whoever引导的句子在整个句中可以做宾语) 做主语whoever makes such a mistake should be punished=anyone who makes such a mistake should be punished 作宾语I hate anyone who tells lies.这里面anyone做了宾语,who tells lies是定语并且who在引导的定语从句里也是主语,所以句子没问题,如果变成I hate whoever tells lies,则whoever在引导的句子中依旧是主语,而在整个句子里变成了hate的宾语,由于whoever在整个句子里可以做宾语,所以句子没问题。如果使用whomever则不行,因为whomever在引导的句子和整个句子中都只能做宾语。 whomever用法: whomever在引导的定语从句和整个句子中只能做宾语,例如anyone whom you hate must be bad.这里面的anyone做了主语,whom you hate是定语且定语从句里whom也是一个宾语成分,这个句子就没有问题,而如果写成whomever you hate must be bad.whomever you hate在整个句子里做了must be bad的主语,you hate是个定语修饰whomever,尽管在其引导的定语从句中whomever成分是宾语,但是在整个句子中whomever做了主语,所以句子不对。而如果是give it to whomever you like.这个句子里whomever既是从句里you like的宾语,又是整个句子give it to的宾语,所以句子没问题。 (以上这段真特么绕,我自己总结了半小时才出来的,可能有谬误,欢迎指正) what用法: what是最常见的复合关系代词,等于the things that,使用时前面不可以有先行词,且what所引导的名词性从句在整个句子中可做主语、宾语、或be动词后的表语。 做主语:what he said is true 做宾语:I believe what he said 做表语:this is what happend yesterday 注意what在其引导的名词性从句中做主语或宾语,例如 做主语:what is good for you is..... 作宾语:I can hardly believe what I have just heard 要注意区分what做复合代词引导的名词性从句和what作为关系代词引导的定语从句: 定语从句:I can hardly believe the things what I have just heard whatever用法: whatever等于anything that,语气比what要强,可以做主语或宾语 做主语:whatever he said is ture 做宾语:you may do whatever you like whichever用法: whichever和whatever用法完全相同,只不过whichever是指同一类的任何一项,whatever指不同类的任何一项,同一类的东西是三者或三者以上,whichever等于anyone that,同一类的东西为两者时,whichever等于either that I have a car,a house and an orchard and you may have whatever you want(不同类用whatever) I have three cars,and you may have whichever you like(同一类用whichever 2.做副词连词引导状语从句部分: however用法: however是副词连词,等于no matter how,凡是表示“不论、不管”的副词连词,均可用no matter how来表示。 however在其引导的状语从句中可修饰动词形容词和副词 修饰动词:however you may do it,you should..... 修饰形容词:however competent he is,I don't want to hire him. 修饰副词:however fast he runs..... however除了做副词连词外还可以做连接性副词,有连词的意味,但仍旧是副词。译成“然而”表转折。例如: she is pretty.However,I don't like her= she is pretty;however,I don't like her= she is pretty.I,however,don't like her (注意标点的使用!) whatever用法: 相当于no metter what,在引导的状语从句中作主语、宾语、表语 做主语:whatever happen,you should stay with me. 做宾语:whatever you may do,you .... 做表语:whatever you are,you..... whoever用法: 在引导的状语从句中要做主语或表语 做主语:whoever does it,he should.... 做宾语:whoever you are,you ..... 注意两者做副词连词和复合代词时的区别,做副词连词时,所引导的状语从句和主句要有逗号相隔,做复合关系代词时则无逗号。例如: 做副词连词:whatever he said,it was true. whoever makes mistakes ,he should be kill=no matter who make mistakes,he should be kill 做复合关系代词:whatever he said was true. whoever makes mistakes should be kill=anyone who make mistakes should be kill whomever相当于whoever的宾格,只能做宾语。 whomever you like,it is none of my business whichever用法: 在其引导的状语从句中做主语宾语和表语 做主语:whichever may be used,check it first. 作宾语:whichever you want to buy,..... 作表语:whichever it is,I dislike it whenever用法: when为疑问副词,在引导的状语从句中之修饰动词。 whenever he comes,I'll wait wherever用法: where为疑问副词,也只能在状语从句里修饰动词 wherever he lives,I'll find him. LESSON 62
词汇:keep the change (零钱)不用找了 hail vt.招呼、呼叫 buddy 老兄 sightseeing n.观光游览 have a lot time on one's hand 某人时间充裕
Freedom Trail 自由之路
人+be strapped for time 某人时间很紧
I'm strapped for time in that case,主语+动词 那样的话... check out+事物 观看某事物 abservatory 瞭望台天文台
LESSON 63课介绍happen to+动词原形(碰巧正好)的用法
词汇:dying 凋零的、渐渐消失的 cellular telephone 手机 die out (语言习俗等)渐渐消失 be in danger of 濒临...之险 modernization 现代化
比较级+than ever before/ever/before 比以往更... 句子:本课介绍happen to+动词原形(碰巧正好)的用法 happen to +动词原形=it happens that从句 这个结构中,it happens that从句中的主语可以提前到句首变成主语+happen(s) to的结构,根据前后时态的不同,可变为: 前后时态相同时:主语+happen(s) to+动词原形 it happens that he is here=he happens to be here他正好在这 时态不同时:主语+happen(s)to+have+过去分词 it happens that he was there=he happens to have been there他当时正好在那
LESSON 64
词汇:mother tongue 母语 fluently 流利的 as long as 只要 as long as为副词连词引导状语从句 as long as you are willing to work,you will not go hungry
LESSON 65本课as做关系代词的用法,并介绍“just as...,so+倒装句”的用法
词汇:architecture 建筑 lengthy 冗长的 uo to+数字 多达... the one-year-old boy can count up to ten take a nap 小睡、打盹 get things done 将事情做完 句子:本课介绍as做关系代词的用法,并介绍“just as...,so+倒装句”的用法。 as做关系代词时,等于which,用以替代句中整个主句,as在其引导的定语从句中做主语或宾语,但是用as取代which时要注意以下几点: as引导的定语从句可置于主句之前或之后,而 which引导的定语从句则只能置于主句之后,例如 the sun rises in the east,which everybody knows=the sun rises in the east,as everybody knows=as everybody knows,the sun rises in the east b.as引导的定语从句其结构为“as+be动词+过去分词”时,be动词可以省略 he is a man of his word,which was mentioned before=he is a man of his word,as was mentioned before=he is a man of his word,as mentioned before. just as...,so+倒装句(就如同...一样,...也是...)的结构中just为强调用法的副词,可以省略,so之后要采用倒装,原则如下: be动词时:just as most men are ambitions, so are women nowadays 助动词时:just as you will protect your children,so will I protect mine 一般动词时,do按照人称时态做变化:just as human need love,so do dogs.
LESSON 66
词汇:bank teller 银行柜员 scare the life out of+人 吓死某人
LESSON 67本课介绍so...that和too...to结构的注意事项
词汇:glitter 闪烁发光 all that glitters is not gold.所有发光的未必都是黄金=中看未必中用 seek v.追求 be famous as+身份 以某身份闻名 set the record 创纪录 dash 短距离赛跑
Guinness Book of Records 吉尼斯世界纪录 centimeter 厘米
表“吃药”时用take,表“喝汤”时用eat,表喝饮料茶水用drink
go hand in hand(with) (和....)密切相关/步调一致 this shirt and tie go hand in hand with that suit 衬衫领带还挺搭那件西装 his story tells us that fame and wealth do not always go hand in hand living 活生生的 句子:本课介绍so...that和too...to结构的注意事项 1.so+形容词/副词+that从句=such+名词+that从句 如此...以至于... so或such及其修饰的词类若置于句首时,其后要采取倒装结构,例如: a.be动词时:Helen is so kind that everybody likes her=So kind is Helen that everybody likes her Tom is such a good boy that I love him=Such a good boy is Tom that I love him b.助动词时:he has been studying so diligently that all he should have no problem passing the exam=So diligently has he been studying that he should have no.... c.一般动词时do根据主语人称时态不同使用不同形式 you dance so well that you should do it for a living=so wll do you dance that you should do it for a living 现代美语中so that和such that中的that经常省略,用逗号代替甚至逗号都不要,例如 Mary is so generous everybody wants to be her friend. 2.too...to结构中too之后可接单数可数名词,但此时需将形容词置于不定冠词a/an前,形成too+形容词+a/an+名词的结构,例如 Mr.Blank is too nice a manto have committed the crime.
LESSON 68本课介绍such+a/an+名词+as 像...那样的
词汇:judge 对...下判断 nothing is as wonderfull as it seems 没什么事情是像它表面看起来那样好 not really 不见得 live a/an...life 过着...的生活 mind 介意 be in one's shoes 站在某人立场 句子:本课介绍such+a/an+名词+as 像...那样的 as之前若有名词,就可形成准关系代词,as做准关系代词时,可将as看做who\whom\which或that等关系代词,但实际使用时只能用as,类似用法还有as+形容词+名词+as...(和...一样的...)具体用法: a.做主语:I don't like such a man as tells lies(as视作who或者that) b.做宾语:I respect such an honest man as you described(as视作whom或that) c.做be动词之后的表语:such a lazy student as tom(is) will get nowhere(as视作that) Carl is as good as a man as Mattt is(as视作that)
LESSON 69本课介绍it seems that...(似乎...)的结构变化
词汇:人+mean what+人+say 某人说话算话 a trustworthy person always means what he says make a/one's promise 许下承诺 keep a/one's promise 遵守承诺 break a/one's promise 食言 promise(人)to+动词原形 答应(某人)做... promise(人)+that从句 答应(某人)做... repay 偿还 cutthroat 竞争激烈的 throat 喉咙 ruin 毁灭
I give you my word 我给你我的承诺
Word表“诺言”时为不可数名词,但若表“字眼、话语、争论”时为可数名词且常用复数
keep one's word have words with 与...发生口角 let sb. down 让某人失望 live up to ... 符合、遵守
Pete lived up to his father's expectation trustworthy 值得信赖的 句子:本课介绍it seems that...(似乎...)的结构变化和不定式短语与否定副词never/not并用形成否定结构用法。 1.在it seems that结构中,that从句中的主语可往前移到句首,时态不同有以下变化 主语+seem(s) to+动词原形:it seems that no one shows any interest in the new project=no one seems to show any interest in the new project. 注意seem之后若为“to be+名词/形容词”,to be 可以省略 Mr.Wei seems to be a good man=Mr.Wei seems a good husband 主语+seem(s) to+have+过去分词:that从句的动词时态为过去式或现在完成时,to之后接have+过去分词。 it seems that the plane crash was caused by the pilot's misjudgement=the plane crash seems to have been caused by the pilot's misjudgement. 2.不定式短语(to+动词原形)与否定副词never/not并用形成否定结构时,要将never或not置于to之前: mother told me never to speak to strangers
LESSON 70
词汇:a promise is a promise 君子一言驷马难追 stand sb. up (俚语)让人空等、不守约 lousy 差劲的 dump (俚)甩掉
LESSON 71本课介绍“倍数词+the size of...”及关系代词that的使用时机
词汇:seeing is believing=to see is to believing 眼见为实 smash 猛冲、碰撞 smash into 撞击 disastrous 悲惨不幸、灾害的 meteor 流星 split(动词三态均为split) split...in two 把...分成两半 the vendor can split apples in two with his hands split into 分成... let's split into two groups and try to look for the child 句子:本课介绍“倍数词+the size of...”(是...几倍大小)的用法,以及关系代词that的使用时机 1.be+倍数词(one-third/half/twice/three times...)+the size of...= be+倍数词(one-third/half...)+as large as... 是...的几倍大小 my bedroom is half the size of my living room=my bedroom is half as large as my living room 2.在下列情况中,我们通常多用that取代关系代词who/whom/which: a.在all或有all修饰的名词之后:all that glitters is not gold=not all that glitters is gold. b.在有序数词(the first/the second...the last)修饰的名词之后 gamling is the last thing that I would do(赌博是我最不愿意做的事) c.在有最高级形容词修饰的名词之后 he is the most intelligent person that I've ever known d.在有the only修饰的名词之后 he is the only student that passed the exam e.在有the very修饰的名词之后,very做形容词时时一种强调用法,之前一定有the he is the very man that I met yesterday(他正是我昨天遇到的那个人) f.避免与疑问词重复 who is the man that is standing there? g.句中若有两个相同关系代词引导的定语从句出现时,避免重复,第二个关系代词用that he works hard,which is a fact that is known to us h.关系代词若在be动词后作表语,表示某人身份时要用that he is not the man that he was(他已经不是当年的他了) i.两个名词性质不一,但却共享一个关系代词时,该关系代词要用that look at the boy and the dog that are coming this wat
LESSON 72
词汇:asteroid 小行星 be determined to+动词原形 决心... in that case,...那样的话... missile 导弹 collide with 和...相碰 off one's course 偏离轨道航线 on one's course 沿着轨道航线 in due course 假以时日、在适当的时候
LESSON 73本课复习“have a hard time+动名词”做...有困难/麻烦
词汇:don't be a fish out of water=don't be embarrassingly different from everyone else 不要觉得别扭 be/feel like a fish out of water 局促不安 slang 俚语 overdo 过度使用 otherwise 否则 make fun of 取笑 it's fun to go dancing=it's fun going dancing 跳舞很有趣 be off the hook 脱离困境/危险 feel at home 感到自在 句子:本课复习“have a hard time+动名词”做...有困难/麻烦 理论上a hard time后面有一个介词in,故其后需接动名词作宾语,而不可接不定式,但实际使用时in一律不写出来。 James has a hard time getting along with others
LESSON 74
词汇:get with it 跟上时代潮流、别土了 in the first place 一开始 give it one's best shot 尽(某人)全力去做 give it a shot 试试某事 chick 本文指“女孩子” tend to=be apt to=be inclined to=be liable to=be prone to
LESSON 75本课介绍地点状语置于句首时其后倒装结构和“not to mention”
词汇:the Amish 亚米西人 in the heart of 在...的心脏地带 state 州
Pennsylvania 宾夕法尼亚州
Ohio 俄亥俄
Indiana 印第安纳 lead/live a/an....life/lives 过着...的生活 dream a/an....dream 做了一个...的梦 sigh a/an...sigh 叹了一口...的气 horse-drawn 马拉的 buggies 四轮马车(复数) not to mention 更别说是 to make matters worse,主语+动词 更糟的是 stay away from 远离 temptation 诱惑 complicated 复杂的 make sense 有意义、有道理 句子:本课介绍地点状语置于句首时其后倒装结构用法和“not to mention” 1.地点状语置于句首时,其后的句子须倒装,倒装原则如下: a.主语+不及物动词+地点状语(短语)=地点状语(短语)+不及物动词+主语 例如:Bill stood there=There stood Bill An old monk lives in that old temple=In that old temple lives an old monk b.主语+be动词+过去分词+地点状语(短语)=地点状语(短语)+be动词+过去分词+主语 a small village is located on the top of the mountain=on the top of the mountain is located a small village c.主语+be动词+现在分词+地点状语(短语)=现在分词+地点状语+be动词+主语 my classmates are playing baseball overthere=playing baseball overthere are my classmates 注意: a.上述句型中若主语为代词it/he/she.....时,不采用倒装结构,换言之,地点状语可以放在句首,其后句子不倒装,地点状语短语不宜放在句首。例如 he stood in front of our house=in front of our house he stood(劣) she sat there=there she sat b.地点状语(短语)置于句首的好处是:由于倒装的主语在句尾,之后可接表语从句/分词短语或介词短语用以修饰主语,扩大主语的内容,并可避免主语过大的毛病,例如 John,who came here to visit me the other day,is standing by the window(可)=Standing by window is John,who came here to visit me the other day.(佳) 2.not to mention=not to speak of=to say nothing of更不用说...(用于肯定句与否定句中) let alone...更不用说...(用于否定句中)=much less 注意:上述用法中,因分别含有及物动词mention和介词of,故其后需接名词或动名词做宾语。而let alone和much less只能用在否定句,且因其有连词作用,其后应置其前相同的词类。例如 I love apple pies,not to mention/not to speak of/to say nothing of apples Jack is so lazy that he hates going for walks,let alone/much less jogging 3.to make matters worse,句子=what's(even/far)worse,句子 (更糟的是) what's(even/far)better,句子(更好的是) what's more=moreover=further more(此外/而且)
LESSON 76
词汇:what's on earth for? 究竟为了什么on earth译作“究竟、到底” what on earth are you doing? 你究竟在做什么? be bored with=be fed up with=be sick of=be tired of 对...感到厌烦 kind of..= sort of=somewhat= a little 有点... nonsense 胡扯、无意义的话 appealing 令人向往的 appeal to+人=attract+人 吸引某人 to each one's own 人各有所好 plan to do/plan on doing 计划做某事
LESSON 77本课介绍使用过去完成时的时机
词汇:thoughtless 欠考虑的、粗心的 thoughtful 考虑周到的、细心的 it is thoughtless of+人+to+动词原形 某人做...太粗心 remark 言论 make a remark 发表言论 cause sb to... 致使某人 embarrassment 困窘 embarrassing 邻人尴尬的 embarrassed 尴尬的 movie theater 电影院 it happened that+过去式从句=it turned out that... 恰巧 let the cat out of the bag 无意中泄露秘密 so to speak 可以这么说...(可置于句尾,也常做插入语,尤其句子be动词之后
Aaron can swim like a fish,so to speak learn one's lesson 得到教训 at a high price 以很高的代价 at a price of 以...代价 rumor vt.&n.谣传 it is rumored that从句=rumor has it that从句=word has it that从句 谣传 break up 分手 break up with sb 和某人分手 句子:本课介绍使用过去完成时的时机 过去完成时表示截止过去某时为止所完成的动作经验,且过去完成时不能单独存在,要与另一过去时从句或表过去的副词短语连用,即在过去不同时间所发生的两种动作 先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的用一般过去时,例如 I lost the book which my father had given me he had studied chinese for ten years before he left for china 注意但在文章中,因承接上下文时态的关系,过去完成时可单独存在
LESSON 78
词汇:who do you want to see 这里who本该使用宾格,但是现在口语中往往使用who取代whom,因为who比较容易发音 shout 呼喊、吼叫 shout at 对某人吼叫 allow sb. to do 允许某人... allow doing... 允许 expect+人+to+动词原形 期望某人... expect+that从句 预期... expect to+动词原形 期望 get+宾语+to+动词原形 使/叫... get+宾语+过去分词 把... get为使役动词,加宾语后可接不定式短语做宾语补足语表主动的概念,也可接过去分词做宾语补足语,表被动 let's get Eric to treat us to lunch 咱们叫埃里克请咱们吃午餐
Dick tries to get his homework done before sleep. Dick每天睡前都要把作业做完(为什么要叫Dick呢....)
LESSON 79本课介绍复合形容词的用法以及状语从句变成副词短语的方法
词汇:Florida 佛罗里达 dormitory 学生宿舍 wrestler 摔跤手 be angry at sth. 对某事生气 be angry with sb. 对某人生气
人+be banned/barred/prohibited from+动名词 某人被禁止 ban/bar/prohibit+人+from+动名词 禁止某人 think+形容词+thoughts 有...的想法 laugh a/an+形容词+laugh 笑了一个...的笑 impure 淫猥的、污秽不洁的 have the right to+动词原形 有权利 句子:本课介绍复合形容词的用法,以及状语从句变成副词短语的方法 1."six-year-old"这种复合形容词中的名词不可用复数形式,例如Paul is six feet tall =Paul is a six-foot-tall boy 2.当副词连词when和while引导状语从句时,若此状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时,则此状语从句可简化为副词短语,法则如下: a.去掉状语从句的主语 b.其后动词化为现在分词 c.若动词为be动词,则变为现在分词being然后通常省略 例如when i am rich,I will buy a car=when being rich,I'll buy a car=when rich,I'll buy a car. when I swim,I....=when swimming,.... 注意:if,unless,once,(al)though等四个副词连词引导的状语从句中,其主语若与主句的主语相同,且主语后为be动词+形容词/过去分词时,从句也可简化成副词短语,且be动词变成being后一律省略,例如 if it is too greasy,it can't be called health food=if too greasy,it can't be called health food unless you are instructed,you should not try it by yourself=unless instructed,you should not try it by yourself though he was reluctant,he still went to the party=though reluctant,he still went to the party
LESSON 80
词汇:versus 对...、对抗 get in contact with sb. 和某人联络 physical 身体的、体能的 equal 匹敌、比得上 competent 胜任的 be equal to=be competent to 胜任 lie on top of 把...压在下面 nun 尼姑、修女 sex maniac 色情狂 maniac表示热衷某种事物到了几乎变态的地步,常以名词+maniac的形式使用 disgusting (令人)恶心的 disgusted 感到恶心的 disgust 使厌恶 refuse to do 拒绝做某事
LESSON 81本课复习“看、听、感觉”三类感官动词
词汇:stew 炖肉 the hustle an bustle 繁忙扰攘 hustle 热闹拥挤 bustle 喧哗忙乱 sparking 闪闪发光的 sparkle 闪烁 time flies 光阴似箭 eagerness 渴望、热心 in one's eagerness to+动词原形 某人迫切想要 be eager to+动词原形 渴望/迫切 make a living 谋生 cease doing....停止做某事 nature表大自然时为不可数名词,不可置定冠词the.表性质特质时为可数名词可以加定冠词 句子:本课复习“看、听、感觉”三类感官动词 感官动词接宾语后,可用动词原形做宾语补足语表已发生的事实(强调的确有事发生),或用现在分词做宾语补足语表进行的状态,也可用过去分词做宾语补足语表被动,常见感官动词如下 see/watch/look at/hear/listen to/feel
LESSON 82
词汇:go bird-watching 去赏鸟
句型还有go dancing/go shopping/go swimming等等 do exercise 做运动(美式用法)take exercise(英式) do exercises 做练习/功课 boring (令人)无聊的 bored 感到无聊/厌倦的 what is +事物+all about? 某事物是关于什么的 anyway (置于疑问句句尾)到底、究竟 surroundings指个人生活的小环境 environment 指生态环境 circumstances指抽象的环境 what's the fun in...? ...的乐趣究竟在哪里 keep sb. fit 保持某人身体健康 air-conditioned 有空调的 birdbrained 笨的
LESSON 83本课介绍"all of+名词”(在所有..之中最...)和make/let/help
词汇:the animals of the chinese horoscope 中国十二生肖 stand out 突出 outstanding 杰出的、优秀的 compare to=compare with 和...一较高低 compare A to B 比较A与B horse around=goof around=monkey around=fool around闲混、鬼混 be loyal to 对...忠心 companion 朋友 complain of=complain about 抱怨... complain做不及物动词时其后需接of或about再接宾语,也可作及物动词,其后只能接that引导的名词性从句做宾语 weatherman 气象预报员 it's raining cats and dogs 现在下着倾盆大雨 drizzle 下毛毛雨
I have to obey the call of nature 我必须去方便一下 call of nature 内急 句子:本课介绍"all of+名词”(在所有..之中最...)和make/let/help用法 1.of all=among(all),后面名词通常三者或三者以上,通常含有最高级修饰 of the two=between the two 后面使用比较级 2. a.make做使役动词时,译成“使/令/叫”这种使役动词还有have和get,have后接动词原形做宾语补足语,但get后要接不定式短语,句型如下: make/have sb. do sth. get sb. to do sth. 使/叫某人... 注意: make可用于被动语态中,但have和get则无被动语态,且make变被动语态时动词原形需改为不定式短语。 mother made me water the flowers=I was made to water the flowers 由于make做不完全及物动词时,其后还可以接名词或形容词做宾语补足语,因此不可写下列句子: her reacher made Mary be a good student(多了个be) have及get加宾语后,其后可接过去分词做宾语补足语,此时have和get译成“把..”句型如下 have/get+宾语+过去分词 Sandy had her hair cut last weekend b.let为使役动词,表示“让...”其后接动词原形做宾语补足语,并可使用被动语态(较少使用) let+宾语+动词原形 be let to+动词原形 we let him try it=he was let to try it (罕见) 3.复习关于help的用法: help sb. (to) do 帮助某人... this pills help me (to) sleep help (to) do 帮助... this jacket will help(to)keep you warm help sb. with sth. 帮助(某人)... Bob's boyfriend helps(him)with his homework help with+名词 帮助... can you help with the police inquiry?
LESSON 84
词汇:Porky and Donald 猪小弟和唐老鸭
身体部位如leg/arm/eye/hair等变成过去分词后,其前加数字或其他形容词构成复合形容词,之后再接名词。如
four-legged brown-haired furry 毛茸茸的、长毛的 beats me 问倒我了、难倒我了 hang 吊死
吊死和hang(挂)的区别在于“挂”的动词三态是hang/hung/hung,“吊死”是hang/hanged/hanged
neck 脖子 flirt 调情、打情骂俏 relief n.安心、解除痛苦 relieve sb. of sth. 减轻某人某事
LESSON 85本课介绍表意愿的及物动词(desire/expect等等)+nothing but to do(除了...之外什么都不...)和can't help but+动词原形(忍不住)的用法,另介绍instead
词汇:skin-deep 肤浅的、外表上的 be attracted to/by 被...吸引 it follows that... ...是有道理的、由此可见...
Bob drives a BYD,it follows thathe must be very rich. vast 广大的、巨额的 cosmetics 化妆品(常用复数) makeup 化妆品(不可数) clothing 衣服(集合名词、不可数) clothes 衣服(恒用复数) cloth 布(不可数) looks n.外貌(恒用复数) class 格调、水平 inner beauty 内在美 remind sb. that... 提醒某人 remind sb. to do 提醒某人 remind sb. of 名词/代词 使某人想到 句子:本课介绍表意愿的及物动词(desire/expect等等)+nothing but to do(除了...之外什么都不...)和can't help but+动词原形(忍不住)的用法,另介绍instead用法 1.desire/expect/want/choose/interested in/ nothing but to+动词原形,例如: he desire nothing but to sleep do nothing but+动词原形 除了...之外什么都不做 he did nothing but play all day(本来是did nothing but did play...,did表示强调,后面要接动词原形,于是省略did之后剩下动词原形的play) 2.cannot help but do sth.=cannot help doing sth.=cannot but do sth. 忍不住... 注意:第二个句型里help不译成“帮助”而是相当于resist或avoid,故其后要接动名词而不接不定式 I'm sorry,but I couldn't help but overhear what you've just said= I'm sorry,but I couldn't help overhearing what you've just said= I'm sorry,but I couldn't but overhear what you've just said 对不起,我忍不住无意间听到你们刚才唠嗑 3.instead单独使用,做副词表“相反的”相当于on the contrary,instead与介词of连用,后接名词或动名词做宾语,所形成的的介词短语做副词,置于句首或句尾,表“非但不...反而..” instead of working,the man went home to sleep这人非但不上班,反而回家睡觉
LESSON 86
词汇:shop for sth. 购买某物 do the/some shopping 购物 put it that/this way 那样/这样表达 spend money/time doing 花钱/时间在... own up to+名词/动名词 承认... interested 感兴趣的 interesting (令人)有趣的 pay attention to 注意...
LESSON 87本课介绍表一段时间的名词+before的用法
词汇:exciting 令人兴奋的(修饰事物) excited 感到兴奋的(修饰人) tiring 令人疲惫的(修饰事物) tired 感到疲惫的(修饰人) get to+地方=reach+地方=arrive at/in+地方 be scheduled to+动词原形 预定/预期 take off 飞机起飞 attendant 服务员 receipt 收据 boarding pass 登机牌 pass up the chance to+动词原形 错过...的机会 duty-free 免税的 as smooth as clockwork 像钟表一样运行顺畅,非常顺利
用来修饰比较级的形容词或副词的副词常见有下列六个:
a lot/much/even/still/a great deal/far
交通工具后介词用by,若交通工具前面有冠词或所有格则介词不用by,若交通工具较大人可以在上面站立走动则用on(比如公交车),若较小则用in(比如小轿车)。
句子:本课介绍表一段时间的名词+before的用法 a.before或after引导的状语从句或介词短语之前,可置表一段时间的名词,表示“在...之前/后”,例如 two years after the couple got married.....结婚两年之后 b.before或after之前还可置shortly/immediately/long等副词,表示“在...之前/后不久/很久”例如 shortly before Dan arrived,everyone left 2.on one's way to+地方名词=on one's way+地点状语 地方名词前要接介词to,地点状语(home/there/here/downtown)前则不用
LESSON 88
词汇:bon voyage (法语)一路平安 stand in line 排队 carry-on 随身行李 here you are=here you go 在这/拿去吧 aisle seat 靠走道的座位 depart for/leave for/set out for/head for/be bound for出发前往 board vi.登上(飞机、船)、寄宿、蹭吃 take advantage of...利用...
LESSON 89本课介绍“it's (high/about) time that引导的过去时名词从句”(现在该是...的时候了)的用法,以及“one ...the other”(一个...另一个)
词汇:acquired后天获得的immune免疫的deficiency不足缺乏syndrome综合症 AIDS fall victim to=fall prey to(无冠词,无复数用法)成为牺牲品 human immunodeficiency免疫缺乏virus病毒 HIV infect 使感染 be infected with 感染 incurable 无法医治的 spread 蔓延 step 措施 take steps to 采取措施 prove +that从句/名词 证明... prove(to be)+名词/形容词 显示/结果是... client 委托人 avoid+名词/动名词 避免... sexually 性爱的 promotion 提倡 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人 casual sex 滥交 the wise 智者 lightly 轻率地、轻蔑的 句子:本课介绍“it's (high/about) time that引导的过去时名词从句”(现在该是...的时候了)的用法,以及“one ...the other”(一个...另一个) 1.it's (high/about) time that(可省略)的句型表示该做...的时候了但却尚未做,表示一种与事实相反的虚拟语气,所以后面的从句要用过去时,且动词为be动词时一律用were 2.使用one...the other句型时前面通常置two+复数名词,表示限定在两者中的一个及另一个,此时one和the other可做代词单独使用,或作形容词其后另置名词。 注意: a.若指限定的三者时,则需使用"one...another...the other..."(一个...一个...另一个) b."one... the others.."(一个...其余)用于限定三者以上使用的句型 c."one ...another..."(一个...另一个)用于非限定的三者以上的句型 there are different ways to cook this dish.one way is to steam it and another is to deep fry it.这道菜有几种不同的做法,一个是蒸的,另一个是油炸。 d."some...others..."(一些...另一些)用在非限定的两个群体时使用 some dogs are friendly but others are fierce.有些狗很友善,另一些则很凶。 e."some...others...still others"(一些...一些...另一些)用在非限定的三个以上群体时 it was so hot that some runners slowed down,other stopped,and still others fainted太热了,一些跑步者慢了下来,一些停了,还有一些晕了。 f."some...the others.."(一些...其余...)限定的一个群体时使用 some of these grapes are sweet but the others are sour这些葡萄中有些很甜,其余的则很酸。 3.少数及物动词后只能接动名词做宾语而不能用不定式,此类动词常见的有avoid/admit/deny/enjoy/consider/practice/escape/risk/quit/resent/suggest/recommend/mind等
LESSON 90 本课介绍情状介词短语
词汇:call girl 应招女郎 how come? 怎么会呢? jerk off 撸管 句子:本课介绍情状介词短语 情状介词短语是一种表示主语所处的情形或状况的介词短语(介词+宾语),这种短语由介词with引导,结构有下列三种: a.with+宾语+介词+宾语 Jeff,do you know that tall girl with a hat on her head? b.with+宾语+现在分词(表主动含义) He talked to the principal with his legs trembling c.with+宾语+过去分词(表被动含义) Little Johnny walked into the kitchen with his eyes closed LESSON 91本课介绍少数现在分词及形容词做副词的用法和the+形容词泛指全体的用法
词汇:kayak 划独木舟、独木舟 canoe 乘独木舟、独木舟 adventurous 爱冒险的、胆大的 safari (狩猎、探险等)远征旅行 definitely 无疑的确切的 life jacket 救生衣 an estimated+数字 估计有 it is estimated that.... 据估计 proper 适当的、正确的 句子:本课介绍少数现在分词及形容词做副词的用法和the+形容词泛指全体的用法 1.少数现在分词有副词very之意,可修饰其后的形容词。例如 the coffee is boiling hot 咖啡很烫 it was freezing/biting cold yesterday 昨天非常冷 biting cold 冷的全身被咬似的 hopping mad 气的跳脚 2.某些可用来修饰人的形容词之前置定冠词the时,可当复数名词用表示全体的概念 the brave=brave people the rich=rich people the poor=poor people the sick=sick people等等 注意:the+形容词+people则为限定某一个人,不是指全体
LESSON 92
词汇:the good=good people bump into= come across=run into=encounter 偶然遇到 with...on 身上穿戴着 helmet 头盔、安全帽 capsize=overturn (使)倾覆
Eskimo 爱斯基摩的、爱斯基摩人 technique 技术、技巧 upright 直立的 live to be+年纪 活到...的岁数
LESSON 93本课介绍两个动词在一起而无连词连接时的变化方法
词汇:one good turn deserves another 善有善报、一报还一报 store clerk 店员 recall vt. 回忆、回想起 grumble vi.发牢骚、抱怨 befriend vt.待人像朋友一样 fall ill with+疾病=come down with+疾病 得某种病 cancer 癌症 turn out (to be) 结果竟是、原来是 retired 退休的 pauper 贫民 句子:本课介绍两个动词在一起而无连词连接时的变化方法 a.若两个动词所代表的动作并非同时发生,有先后次序时第二个动词就要变成不定式短语以表示“目的” 例如:he stood up and asked a question=he stood up to ask a question b.若两个动词的动作同时发生,第二个动词变成现在分词,若动词是be动词,则变成being后省略 例如:he died and was a nobody=he died a nobody c.若两个动词有逗号相隔而无连接时,则不必考虑动词发生的先后顺序,第二个动词一律变现在分词 例如:he left home early in the morning,arriving here at midnight
LESSON 94
词汇:draw up 草拟、写 lot 抽签的签条 will 遗嘱、意志 where there is a will,there is a way 有志者事竟成
LESSON 95本课介绍两句无连词相连的变化法则
词汇:cure-all 万灵丹 garlic 大蒜 pungent 刺鼻的 odor (不好的)气味 fragrance 香味 smell n.(不分好坏的)味道 farming town 农镇 add A to B 添加A到B上 popularly 大众化的、一般的 be used as 被用作 antiseptic 消毒剂 germ 细菌 penicillin 盘尼西林、青霉素 bacteria 细菌(复数) bacterium 细菌(单数) all/what sb. have/has to do is/are (to)do sth. all/what sb. should/can do is/are (to) do sth. (to时常省略) be known as+身份 以...身份被熟知 be known to+人 被某人所熟知 be known for+事情 以某事而闻名 句子:本课介绍两句无连词相连的变化法则 两句一起无连词相连时,第一个句子要化简,变成分词短语,法则如下: a.被化简的句子中主语与主句主语相同时,主语要删除,不同时不删除 b.之后的动词变成现在分词 c.动词为be动词时,变成现在分词being后省略,也可不省略,此时强调“因为...”的意思 例如:he has nothing to do,and he feels bored=having nothing to do,he feels bored he was sick of studying and he cut class=(being)sick of studying,he cut class
LESSON 96
词汇:what's the point of+动名词? ...有啥用 there is no point in+动名词=there is no sense in+动名词=there is no use+动名词 ...是没有用的 chewing gum是不可数名词 stick 黏贴 stick to+名词 坚持、固守 brand 商标、牌子 raw 生的、未经处理的 stinky 恶臭的 watch your tongue,OK? 说话当心点好吗
LESSON 97本课介绍on和表探险、旅程等名词的连用
词汇:the Bronze Age 青铜器时代 the Stone Age 石器时代 mummy 木乃伊 corpse 尸体 mortuary 太平间 be certainly of+名词=be certain that从句 确定... provide sb. with sth.=supply sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb.=supply sth. to sb. 句子:本课介绍on和表探险、旅程等名词的连用 凡表探险、旅游、旅程的名词以及表持续性或时间性的任务和动作通常与on连用,例如 on an expedition/on an excursion/on a trip/on a picnic/on a mission/on duty/on errands
LESSON 98
词汇:grave 坟墓 tomb 隆起的墓穴 from the cradle to the grave 一生中 cradle 摇篮 utter 说出 the Celts 凯尔特人 come into existence 产生、出现 be amazed at 对...感到惊奇 give sb. the creeps 使人毛骨悚然 the key to... ...的要诀 the solution to... ...的解决方法 the answer to... ...的答案
LESSON 99本课介绍少数现在分词做介词用法
词汇:swear vi.咒骂 vt.发誓 swear that.... 发誓 swear to do... 发誓 foul 粗俗的、恶臭的 language 言辞(不可数)、语言(可数) ban (sb. from)+动名词 禁止(某人)... lift the ban on 取消...的禁令 impose a ban on 对...施加禁令 fine n.罚款 vt.处以罚款 jail n.监狱 vt.使入狱 go to jail 入狱 put sb. in jail 使某人入狱 be jailed for 因...入狱 term 期限 infringe 侵犯 infringe on 侵犯 句子:本课介绍少数现在分词做介词用法 少数现在分词可做介词使用,常见如下 a.including excluding everyone went to the party,including/excluding John=everyone went to the party,inclusive/exclusive of John b.considering considering Bill's age,he's still handsome c.regarding concerning the professor wrote a paper regarding/concerning/about/on computers
LESSON 100
词汇:arrogant 傲慢的自大的 emphasis n.强调、重要性 emphasize vt.强调 put/lay emphasis on 强调 manure 肥料 tell you what 我跟你说吧 that's a deal 一言为定
LESSON 101本课介绍独立分词短语的用法,以及kind of作副词,表有一点的意思
词汇:red-hot 炽热的 cure sb. of 疾病 治疗某人的疾病 have a runnu nose 鼻涕 acupuncture 针灸 rheumatism 风湿 insomnia 失眠 perform an operation on+身体部位/人=operate on +身体部位/人 给某部位/某人动手术 surgery 外科手术、开刀 scar 疤 take pains 努力、费力
Generally speaking=in general=by the large=for the most part=on the whole 一般说来 ordinary 普通的 side effect 副作用 ointment 药膏 herb 药草 be made from 由...制成(原料性质改变) be made of 由...制成(原料性质不变) short-circuit 使简短 short circuit 短路 tube 金属、玻璃、塑料管 句子:本课介绍独立分词短语的用法,以及kind of作副词,表有一点的意思 1.有些独立分词短语有副词的功能,使用时通常置于句首,其后加逗号修饰整个句子,常见的独立分词短语如下 frankly speaking 坦白说 generally speaking 一般说来 strictly speaking 严格说来 judging from 从...看来 speaking of 说到 2.kind of作副词用时,即等于sort of/a little或somewhat,除可修饰动词外,还可修饰形容词和副词 I kind of take things too seriously 我看事情有点太认真 I was kind of sad to hear the bad news 听到这个坏消息我有点难过 the boy from Tongzhou spoke kind of strangely 那个通州小伙说话有点奇怪 注意区别a kind/sort of 一种... 这俩做形容词用 3.consider做不完全及物动词句型如下 被动:be considered +名词/形容词(做主语补足语) 主动:consider+宾语+名词/形容词(做宾语补足语)
LESSON 102
词汇:old wive's tale (老妇人)愚蠢的迷信
LESSON 103本课介绍have做不完全及物动词用法和leave做不完全及物动词表“任由”“让”用法
词汇:Kuala Lumpur 吉隆坡
Petronas Twin Towers 双子塔 skyscraper 摩天大楼 declare war(on) 向...宣战 formerly 原本的
数字-story+建筑物 ...层高的建筑物 meet the challenge 接受挑战 duel 决斗 space 空间(不可数) boom n.蓬勃发展 vi.日渐繁荣 have the honor of 有...的荣耀/荣幸 句子:本课介绍have做不完全及物动词用法和leave做不完全及物动词表“任由”“让”用法 1.have+宾语+过去分词=get+宾语+过去分词 把... have+宾语+动词原形=make+宾语+动词原形=get+宾语+to+动词原形 叫... I had my hair done for the party my mother had me do the laundry for her 2.leave做不完全及物动词时,其后多以分词或一般形容词做补足语,句型如下: 主动用法:leave+宾语+分词/一般形容词 任由/让 please leave the candle lit(过去分词),I'm afraid of the dark the babysitter left the baby crying(现在分词) in the cradle the woman died,leaving her husband lonely(形容词) 被动用法:be left+分词/一般形容词 任由/让...被... the baggage was left unclaimed for a week 注意:leave或be left之后若以过去分词做补足语时表示被动的概念,现在分词做补足语表示主动 leave也可表示“离开”可做及物或不及物动词,均可以介词for连用,再接表示地点场所的名词。
LESSON 104
词汇:参加考试用take表示,参加活动用take part in/participate in 表示 the Nile 尼罗河
LESSON 105本课介绍及物动词prevent和it is no use+动名词短语的用法
词汇:with the exception of 除...之外 entitle+宾语+to+动词原形 使...有资格...
注意:entitle常以entitled的形式出现,作形容词表示被定名为、有资格的
be entitled... 被定名为 be entitled to+名词 有资格获得... be entitled to+动词原形 有资格... pension 退休金 do military service 服兵役 prevent+人+from+动名词 防止某人... tell+人+off 责骂某人 quit做及物动词时要用名词或动名词做宾语,不可接不定式 state 说明、注明 state常接that从句做宾语 a no-win situation 进退维谷的情况 come to+动词原形 渐渐地/终于... 句子:本课介绍及物动词prevent和it is no use+动名词短语的用法 1.prevent+宾语+from+动名词=keep+宾语+from+动名词 防止/阻止 注意:凡表“防/阻/禁止”的动词通常均与介词from连用,唯一的例外是forbid prohibit/ban/bar+宾语+from+动名词 禁止 forbid+宾语+to+动词原形 禁止 注意:forbid之后若以对象为宾语时,其后接不定式,若以动词为宾语时其后接动名词 2.一般动名词短语被形式主语it取代时,动名词短语移至句尾时通常改为不定式短语,但下列句型属于例外 it is no use+动名词短语=it is useless+动名词/不定式=it is of no use+动名词/不定式=there is no use (in)+动名词=there is no sense/point in+动名词
LESSON 106
词汇:dilemma 窘境、进退维谷 persuade+人+to+动词原形=talk+人+into+动名词 说服某人做 dissuade+人+from+动名词=talk+人+out of+动名词 劝阻某人 make sb. an offer=make an offer to sb. 向某人提出建议/出价 incentive 诱因、动机
LESSON 107本课what's even better is+that从句和why(not)+动词原形形成简化句和blame用法
词汇:seeing is believing 眼见为实 day-to-day 每天的、日常生活的 hassle 伤脑筋的事 contact lenses 隐形眼镜 rinse 清洗 disinfect 消毒 be infected with 感染 bandage 绷带 every so often 经常 disposable 可丢弃的、用后即丢的 dispose of 处理/除去/收拾 be designed to+动词原形 被设计来/目的是 give...a try=give...a shot 试试看 mix with sb.和某人相处 optician 眼镜商、眼镜店 check it out 查看、瞧瞧 句子:本课what's even better is+that从句和why(not)+动词原形形成简化句和blame用法 1.what's even better is...可化简为what's even better,主语+动词,且even可用far取代或省略不用 what's(even/far)better is that从句=what's(even/far)better,主语+动词 类似的还有what's more is (that)从句=what's more,主语+动词 2.why或why not后可直接接动词原形形成简化的问句用法 why not join the army=why do you not join the army 3.a.blame sb. for 名词/动名词 为某事责备某人/归咎某人 b.blame sth. on sb. 为某事责备某人 c.人+be to blame 某人该受责备/负责任 注意:sb. be to blame=sb.should be blamed nobody was to blame for that car accident=nobody should be blamed for that car accident
LESSON 108
词汇:no wonder 难怪 no wonder he..... there is no such things as a free lunch
LESSON 109本课介绍feed on和live on的区别和少数及物动词只可用动名词做宾语
词汇:adorable 可爱的、迷人的
Koala 考拉 icon 象征、圣物
动物+feed on+食物 某动物以...为事 eucalyptus 桉树 starvation 饥饿 starve to death 饿得要死 kangaroo 袋鼠 authority表“当局”时,恒用复数形式并且前置the the authorities 当局
表“权威”时为不可数名词
表权威人士时为可数名词 explosion 突增、爆炸 activist 积极参与者 argue that从句 强烈认为 argue with sb. over sth. 和某人争论某事 neighboring 邻近的 relocate 重新安置 do all one can to+动词原形=do one's best to+动词原形
尽某人全力
disgrace 耻辱 句子:本课介绍feed on和live on的区别和少数及物动词只可用动名词做宾语 1.feed on...(动物) 以...为食 live on...(人)以...为食/为生 2.在...表面上介词要用on we were stranded on a island 3.除了consider/suggest/recommend/avoid之外以下也是只能用动名词作宾语的动词:enjoy/practice/risk/admit/deny/mind/quit
LESSON 110
词汇:a solution to ...的解决方法 plan on+动名词=plan to+动词原形 计划... campaign n.活动(娱乐活动竞选活动等) you can say that again 你说的对极了
LESSON 111本课介绍needless to say,主语+动词(不用说...)用法和make up用法
词汇:aging a.逐渐衰老的 n.衰老 aged 年迈的 millionaire 百万富翁 fit the bill 完全符合情形和要求 the interviewee fits the bill take after 长得像 pour in 大量涌入、蜂拥而至 show uo=turn up 出现 get away 暂时离开工作放松身心 句子:本课介绍needless to say,主语+动词(不用说...)用法和make up用法 1.needless to say,主语+动词=it goes without saying that... 不用说... 2.a.it takes +表条件的名词(人或物均可)+to+动词原形 从事...需要...(的条件) b.make up=compose 组成/构成 be made up of=be composed of=consist of 由...组成
LESSON 112
词汇:qualify vi.合格、取得资格 vt.使合格 qualified 有资格的 be qualified to+动词原形 有资格... be qualified for+名词 有资格... be bound to+动词原形 必定会 burst out laughing/crying=burst into laughter/tears 突然大笑/大哭 kick the bucket 一命呜呼 put/place an advertisement
LESSON 113本课介绍if形成的虚拟语气用法,以及"lest...(should)..."(以免...)用法
词汇:shed 流下(眼泪) trumble vi.倒塌、跌下 n.跌倒 crumble vi.崩溃 chubby 圆胖的 at a time 一次 overeat 吃的过多、饮食过量 vomit 呕吐 kilogram 公斤 forklift vt.用铲车搬运 tear down 拆除 lest 以免 句子:本课介绍if形成的虚拟语气用法,以及"lest...(should)..."(以免...)用法 1.虚拟语气是一种表示虚拟状态的句型,由副词连词if引导的状语从句与主句构成,if构成的虚拟语气依时态不同有以下四种句型 a.表纯条件的虚拟语气 使用纯条件的虚拟语气时,if从句的动词用现在时,主句中则要使用现在时助动词,句型如下: if+主语+现在时动词,主语+现在时助动(will/can/may/should/must/ought to)+动词原形 if you eat so much candy,you will get sick(我们并不知道你是否已经吃了那么多糖果,只知道如果吃了就会生病) if Dan is broke,he ought to get a job(我们不知道丹是否一文不名,只知道如果一文不名他就该去找份工作) b.与现在实事相反的虚拟语气 使用这种虚拟语气时,if从句的动词用过去式,主句中则要用过去时助动词,句型如下: if+主语+过去时动词,主语+过去时助动词(would/could/might/should/ought to)+动词原形 if I had money,I would buy a house.(现在还没钱) if I could help you,I certainly would do so.(但我现在帮不了你) 注意此用法中,从句中有be动词时,无论主语为第几人称,be动词一律用were c.表与过去实事相反的虚拟语气 使用这种虚拟语气时,if从句的动词要用过去完成时,主句则用过去时助动词,再加“have+过去分词”句型如下: if+主语+had+过去分词,主语+过去时助动词(would/could/might/should/ought to)+have+过去分词 if I had had money,I would have traveled around the world (但我当时没钱,所以也没去成) If you had come earlier,you would have met her.(但你当时并未早点到,所以没见到她) d.表与未来状况相反的虚拟语气 表与未来状况相反的虚拟语气中if从句要使用助动词should,表示“万一”或“如果真是”的意思,且由于未来状况难以预料,因此如果我们认为未来的状况极可能发生时,主句的助动词可用现在时,如果觉得不太可能发生时,主句的助动词可使用过去时。句型如下: 高可能性:if+主语+should+动词原形,主语+现在时助动词(will/can/may/should/ought to)+动词原形 if you should become bankrupt,I will give you some money.(我觉得你有可能破产) 低可能性:if+主语+should+动词原形,主语+过去时助动词(would/could/might/should/ought to)+动词原形 if tou should come to my hometown,I would throw a big party(我想你可能不太会来) 2.lest为副词连词,引导状语从句以修饰主句,且该从句中只能用助动词should,但should常省略,而直接接动词原形。 例如:if you are a workaholic,take care lest you(should)get sick. 如果你是个工作狂,就应该保重身体以免病倒。 注意:表以免含义时,也可用for fear that...may/might或for fear of+动名词来表示,主句为现在时态时,may或might都可以使用,主句为过去时态时只能用might,且may与might一律不可省略。 lest...(should)...=for fear that...may/might=for fear of+动名词 以免...、唯恐... 例如:if you go swimming,you should wear a safety jacket lest you (should)drown= if you go simming,you should wear a safety jacket for fear that you may/might drown= if you go swimming.you should wear a safety jacket for fear od drowning
LESSON 114
词汇:muscular 肌肉发达的
名词/形容词+my foot! ...才怪、...个屁
A:you are really nice! B:nice my foot! flabby 肌肉松软的 couch potato 电视迷 be far from+名词/形容词=be not+名词/形容词+at all 一点也不、远非 what the man said is far from the truth=what the man said is not the truth at all the couple are rich but far from happy=the couple are rich but not happy at all either+句子+or+句子 要不...就是... make it to+地方 到达某地
LESSON 115本课复习一些名词与介词to连用的用法及分号做连词的用法
词汇:what's so special about...? 有什么特别的 juicy 多汁的、美味的 fountain 泉、喷泉 spurt 喷出(液体或气体) urine n.小便 therapy n.治疗、理疗 aftershave 须后水 句子:本课复习一些名词与介词to连用的用法及分号做连词的用法 1.在英文中凡表示“针对”某一问题或事件的解决方法答案和要领等,或表“通往...”之意时,通常与介词to连用,常见的有下列 a/the guide to+名词/动名词 ...的指南 a/the key to the room 房间的钥匙 a/the key to success 成功的秘诀 the road to victory 胜利之路 an/the answer to the QS 问题的答案 2.通常两句连在一起时中间需有连词相连,若两句间无连词相连时,可用分号连接两句,此时该分号等于逗号+连词 例如:he is a man of principle;we all respect him=he is a man of principle,so we all respect him 注意我们前面说到的however/therefore等有连词的意味,但却不能作连词用,此类副词为连接性副词,使用时前面要有分号 he is nice;however,I don't like him=he is nice,but I don't like him
LESSON 116
词汇:disgusting 令人作呕/讨厌的 disgusted 感到呕吐/厌恶的 disgust vt.使作呕 what gets+人+is=what puzzles+人+is 某人感到困惑的是... mind you,... 告诉你... be in favor of 赞同 prefer A to B 喜欢A胜于B prefer+动名词+to+动名词=prefer to+动词原形+rather than+动词原形=prefer to+动词原形+instead of +动名词
LESSON 117本课介绍现在进行时用法,和动词complain用法,及the +所有格表场所的用法
词汇:cheer up 振作起来 grouchy 满腹牢骚的、易怒的 better half 另一半、配偶 make a complaint 抱怨、申诉 句子:本课介绍现在进行时用法,和动词complain用法,及the +所有格表场所的用法 1.现在进行时可表示经常出现的情形: John is always boasting about how rich he is 2.complain做不及物动词时后面需置介词about或of,做及物动词时则只能接that引导的名词性从句 3.在英语中,有定冠词the引导的所有格若很清楚地表示出某人的职业时,此时其后表示某人上班或工作场所的名词可以省略而直接用the +所有格来表示该场所,常见的有: the doctor's office=the doctor's the dentist's office=the dentist's the grocery store=the grocer's the barber shop=the barber's the butcher's shop=the butcher's 4.though是副词,置于句尾表“不过、但是”相当于however,但两者用法不同,though可置于句中做插入语,两旁置逗号,也可置于句尾前面加逗号。however使用时则可置于句首其后加逗号,或置于两句中,其前置分号,其后加逗号,也可置于句中做插入语,两边加逗号,但是很少置于句尾。 注意though置于句首时为副词连词,此时though可用although取代,表虽然之意,其所引导的状语从句修饰句中主句,两句中间以逗号相隔,但此状语从句也可置于主句之后,此时两句间则不需要用逗号,例如 though Brad is old,he looks very young= although Brad is old,he looks very young= Brad looks very young though he is old
LESSON 118
词汇:dumpling 包馅儿的食品 dish 菜肴、盘子 hold it a minute 等一下、慢着
LESSON 119
词汇:toilet本意为马桶,现在常常表示厕所,restroom则表示一般的公共厕所,lavatory则指飞机上的厕所,此外英国人一般说go to the lavatory desperately 绝望的、非常的 to no end 无止境的 blow-dry 吹干 warn sb. not to+动词原形=warn sb. against+动名词 警告某人不要 warn sb. of/about+名词 就...向某人提出警告
LESSON 120
词汇:cannot stand to+动词=cannot stand+动名词/形容词 受不了 highway robbery 拦路打劫、敲竹杠 mop vt.用拖把擦 n.拖把 had better not do....最好别做 take a seat=have a seat请坐 seat+反身代词 使自己就坐
LESSON 121本课复习现在完成时要点
词汇:kick the habit of=get rid of the habit of 除去...的习惯 in vain 徒劳无功 be addicted to 有...的瘾、沉迷于 make no mistake 不要搞错、你要搞清楚 all over the world=the world over(the world over前面无介词in) 句子:本课复习现在完成时要点 a.现在完成时表示到现在为止完成的动作 I have finished the work b.现在完成时表示到现在为止的经历 I have read the book twice I have been to USA before c.现在完成时表示从过去某一时间一直持续到现在的动作 I have worked here for 5 years d.现在完成时不强调时间的明确性,只强调到现在为止完成的动作,所以不能与明确的过去时间副词连用 I have finished my work ten minutes ago(错) e.现在完成时可以单独使用,但过去完成时则不能单独存在,要求与另一过去时从句或表过去的副词短语连用,即在过去的不同时间发生的两种动作,先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的用一般过去时。例如 he said he had finished the work f.瞬时动词使用完成时时,不可和表持续的时间副词连用,持续性动作则可以连用 lived可以接for 5 years,died则不可以
LESSON 122
词汇:candy 本为不可数名词,但若表示不同种类则为可数名词 these local candies taste quite different chew sb. out 把某人骂的狗血淋头 false teeth 假牙 cut it out 住嘴、停止
LESSON 123本课介绍“俗话说...”的用法和so that/in order to改写
词汇:saying 谚语 be in the habit of+名词/动名词 有...的习惯 bet+钱数+on sth. 把钱赌在某事上面 punch (用拳)打 be designed to+动词原形 被设计来 be protective of 保护... protect...from... 保护...免于... shell 外壳、贝壳 be just the thing for sb. 正是某人需要的东西 work miracles/wonders 产生奇迹 句子:本课介绍“俗话说...”的用法和so that/in order to改写 1.there is an old saying,"..."=as an/the old saying goes,"..."=as an/the old saying puts it,"..."="...,"as an/the old saying goes="...,"so goes an/the old saying 俗话说... 2.so that/in order that引导的状语从句的主语若与主句的主语相同时,主句可改为“so as to+动词原形”或“in order to+动词原形”,而主语不同时则不能这么改写,例如 I came so that/in order to I might see Helen=I came so as to/in order to see Helen
LESSON 124
词汇:have a chat with 和...聊天 how come相当于why,但是how come 引导的问句不用倒装 forget to+动词原形 忘了要做... forget+动名词 忘了曾经做过.... regret to+动词原形 抱歉要去做 regret +动名词 后悔曾经做过... remember to+动词原形 记得要去做 remember+动名词 记得做过... set sth. for+时间 设定几点做某事 throw up/throw 呕吐
LESSON 125本课复习if取代whether
词汇:party with sb. 与某人开派对 throw/have/hold a party 举行派对 if so,... 果真如此的话 customary 惯例的、习惯的 it is customary to+动词原形 ...是惯例/习俗 refreshment 点心(不可数) hostess 女主人 overstay one's welcome 停留过久令人生厌 句子:本课复习if取代whether a.if引导的名词性从句做其前及物动词ask的宾语,whether引导的名词性从句若也做及物动词宾语时,可用if取代,if取代whether时通常不与or not...连用 I don't know if/whether I'm right (or not) . b.whether引导的名词性从句做主语为形式主语it取代时,whether也可以if代替 whether the jury's decision was right or not is still debatable= it is still debatable whether the jury's decision was right or not= it is still debatable if the jury's decision was right or not 不可说if the jury's decision was right or not is still debatable c.whether引导的名词性从句若做介词的宾语时,此时whether不可被取代 不可说our departure depends on if the weather will clear up tomorrow. 得说our departure depends on whether the weather will clear up tomorrow or not d.whether引导的名词性从句若置于be动词后作表语时,whether不可被代替 不可说the question is if the boss will approve this idea 得说the question is whether the boss will approve this idea
LESSON 126
词汇:sb. can make it 某人可以参加.. not...for the world=not... for anything=not...at all绝不可能
I wouldn't miss your wedding for the world compliment n.&vt.恭维称赞 compliment sb. on sth. 称赞某人某事 come on in=come in sure thing=of course mood 心情、情绪 moody 情绪不稳的 get in the mood 培养情绪 be in the mood to+动词原形 有心情做 be in the mood for+名词 有心情做 be in a good/bad mood 心情好/不好 give sb. a tip/some tips+about/on 就...给某人建议/提示
LESSON 127本课复习have做使役动词的用法并介绍倍数词和have no choice but to...用法
词汇:shocking 使人震惊的、骇人的 shocked 感到震惊的 be shocked at/by 对...感到震惊 wire 电线、铁丝 argue about/over 争论 argue +that从句 坚称 ridiculous 荒谬的 fare (交通)费用 charge 索价 legal 合法的、法律上的 illegal 非法的 refuse to+动词原形 拒绝 be in for+事 必定会遇到... ride n.(开车的一段)车程 verbally 口头上的 violence n.暴力 句子:本课复习have做使役动词的用法并介绍倍数词和have no choice but to...用法 1.have做使役动词时,加宾语后可接过去分词做宾语补足语,此时have译成“把...”。have后还可接动词原形做宾语补足语,此时have译成“使/令...”例如 I had my car fixed yesterday Mom has us children help with the housework 2.倍数词有half/one-third/two-thirds/three-fourths/one-fifth/twice/three times等 a.倍数词+as...as... 是...的几倍 he is five times as rich as I b.more than+倍数词+as...as... 是...的几倍还不止 I am more than three times as old as he c.倍数词+the/所有格/指示形容词(this/that/these/those)+名词 是...的几倍 this rivers is ten times the length of that river d.more than+倍数词+定冠词the/所有格/指示形容词+名词 是...的几倍还不止 this river is more than ten times the length of that river 3.have no choice but to+动词原形= have no alternative but to+动词原形= have no option but to+动词原形 除了...外别无选择 the bank robber had no option but to surrender
LESSON 128
词汇:way表方向时,相当于direction,之前与介词in连用,不过way之前的in通常省略,direction之前的in则不可以
...are we going the right way?=...are we going in the right direction? awfully 非常的(正式用法)=awful(限口语)=very meter 计价器、米 be out of order (机器、小零件等)坏了
凡是交通工具比较小,不能在上面站立走动,需用get in(to)/out of来表示上、下此种交通工具,若交通工具较大,则用get on/off report+人/事+to the police 将某人/某事报警处理 same here 我也是 cheat+人+out of+钱 骗取某人...钱 cheat on+人 (男女之间)对某人感情不忠 pose a threat to... 对...构成威胁
LESSON 129本课主要介绍be as much+a/an+名词+as(和...一样是)
词汇:excuse 借口 make an excuse for 为....找借口 call in for... 为...而打电话到(公司、单位)来 a day off 请一天假、放一天假 ask for+天数+off 请几天假 guts(恒用复数,前需置定冠词the) 胆子、勇气 be counted as 被当做是 paid 有薪俸的、已付清的 sick leave 病假 be on sick leave 请病假 make sense 有道理 dependant n.受抚养者、眷属
注意区别dependent a.依赖的、离不开的 be dependent on 依赖 be independent of 脱离...而独立 句子:本课主要介绍be as much+a/an+名词+as(和...一样是) 此短语中的much为表程度的副词,修饰前面的be动词,在这个短语中只可置入单数可数名词,不可使用复数名词 Mr. Chen is as much a teacher as his father was 上述用法由be as +形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+as演化而来,此类只能与含有形容词的单数可数名词连用的结构有以下四种 as...as.. so...that... too...to how... 这四种短语中因as/so/too/how均为副词,故之后应先置形容词以供修饰,然后再置a/an和单数名词 a. as+形容词+a/an+名词+as the man is as successful a businessman as his father b.so+形容词+a/an+名词+that the woman is so popular a singer that people all over the world know she is (使用such...that时,such之后可接单数、复数和不可数名词) they are such idiots that no one likes them c.too+形容词+a/an+名词+to Kenny is too slow a runner to compete in the race d.how+形容词+a/an+名词 how considerate a man he is! (使用what时则之后可接任何名词) what good boys they are
LESSON 130
词汇:an inch given,a mile taken 得寸进尺 vet 兽医 period 生理期、月经 permanent 永久的
LESSON 131本课介绍表最近的副词和副词短语与时态的关系
词汇:lost and found n.&a.失物招领(的) the Lost and Found 失物招领处 pastime n.消遣娱乐 go straight to 直接到 stub 存根、票根 tune vi.&vt. 调整(频道) tune in to 收音机调到想要的频道 stay tuned 继续收听、锁定电台 beware 当心、提防 beware of 当心、提防
注意beware of通常只用于祈使句(即以动词原形开头的句子)或含有助动词should/must的陈述句中 beware of people who say one thing and do another make sure+that从句的结构,从句时态须为一般现在时或现在完成时,且不可加任何助动词should/must等 have difficulty/trouble/problems/a hard time+动名词(因为动名词前理论上有个介词in,但是通常予以省略,所以不能用不定式) 句子:本课介绍表最近的副词和副词短语与时态的关系 凡句中有in recent years/months的时间副词短语出现,常与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用。表示到现在为止仍在持续的状态时用现在完成时,表示一直持续到现在且仍可能继续下去的动作时用现在完成进行时表达。例如 in recent months there have been several earthquakes 注意: a.在英文中,很少使用in recent days,而用recently/lately/of late来表示最近之意,与现在完成时或完成进行时连用,使用recently时也可与过去时连用。 b.表未来的最近时则用soon或in the near future表示,时态用将来时 I will go to see you soon 我最近去看你
LESSON 132
词汇:clerk 职员、店员 carousel 行李传送带 fill out=fill in 填写、填妥 smart aleck 自作聪明的人
LESSON 133本课介绍表示年龄的用法,和委婉表示“应当”的说法
词汇:bright 聪明的 all works of life 各行各业 aged a.有...岁数的&年老的 attend 参加、出席 shout out 大声喊叫 cheerfully 愉快的 be supposed to+动词原形 应该... shake hands with sb. 与某人握手 bowing n .鞠躬 bow to 向...鞠躬、屈服于 sneer at 鄙视 peep at 偷看 blush 脸红 句子:本课介绍表示年龄的用法,和委婉表示“应当”的说法 1.表示年龄的用法如下 人+be aged+数字=人+be+数字+year(s)+old(years old可以省略,old可用of age取代) 某人几岁 my father is aged 50=my father is 50(years old) 2.表示“应当”的语气时,语气强弱用法如下 a.用must/have to语气最强 b.should语气稍弱 c.be supposed to+动词原形语气最弱
LESSON 134
词汇:what on earth is that=what the hell is that=what in the world is that laugh one'shaed off笑破肚皮 clue 线索(和key类似,常与to连用)
LESSON 135本课介绍a large number of的用法
词汇:roaring n.&a.吼叫咆哮(的) behave oneself 某人守规矩 pack (狮、狼、狗等)群 a pack of 一群 roam 漫游于 go bananas=go nuts=go crazy therapist 物理治疗师 daytime 日间 uptight 紧张的 relaxed 感到轻松地 relaxing 令人感到轻松地 convince+人+of+名词=convince+人+that从句 使某人相信 句子:本课介绍a large number of的用法 a large/small number of+复数可数名词 很多/很少的 a large/small amount of+不可数名词 大量/少量的 the number of+复数可数名词 ...的数目 the amount of+不可数名词 ...的数量 注意:the number/amount of置于句首时,因the number/amount为主语,其后的of+名词为介词短语,作形容词用,修饰其前的number/amount,故之后的动词都要用单数动词 the amount of money you have is not enough
LESSON 136
词汇:let off steam 发泄精力 let off 发泄 roar one's head off like a lion 大声吼叫 go off one's rocker 精神失常、神志不清 cut it/that out 少来了!停下来! meow n.&vi.猫叫 indigestion 消化不良 absurd 荒谬的 look who's talking! 指对方没资格或不应该讲这句话
LESSON 137本课介绍would like做不完全及物动词用法及字母和阿拉伯数字形成复数的用法
词汇:that's it 就这么简单 hairstylist 发型设计师 reply+that从句/引号句=reply to 回答、回应 句子:本课介绍would like做不完全及物动词用法及字母和阿拉伯数字形成复数的用法 1.动词like和would连用时,表“想要”之意,可做完全及物动词,后接不定式做宾语,也可作不完全及物动词,加宾语后再接过去分词、形容词、介词短语做宾语补足语,表“想要...如何被处理/调理”,尤其用在调理饮食方面 a.would like to+动词原形 想要 b.would like+宾语+过去分词/形容词/介词短语 想要...(某物)... how would you like your steak done? 2.英文中英文字母和阿拉伯数字使用复数形式时,通常在其后加上所有格的标点'再加s,例如 the word Mississippi has four S's there are three 8's in this number
LESSON 138
词汇:look as if+主语+动词 看起来仿佛... wear也可表示留着发型 pigtail 辫子 crew cut 平头 better still 更好的是
人+go around+形容词 某人以...的状态到处跑 the SB go around naked那个SB光着身子到处跑 bald 光秃的 you bet! 当然 get out of here (熟人之间开玩笑)去你的 clown 小丑 when it comes to+名词/动名词,主语+动词 说到...,...
LESSON 139本课复习as取代though
词汇:cop (口语)警察 stand a chance 有机会 entertain sb. with 以...招待某人 tension 紧张焦虑 image n.形象
Bangkok 曼谷 by leaps and bounds 迅速的 motorist 汽车驾驶者 cooperative 合作的 understanding 体谅他人的 句子:本课复习as取代though 下列情况时though可用as取代 a.though+主语+be动词/连系动词(seem/appear/look..)+形容词,主句 =形容词+though+主语+be动词/连系动词,主句 =形容词+as+主语+be动词/连系动词,主句 例如 though it may be unusual,his method is very effective =unusual though it may be,his method is very effective =unusual as it may be,his method is very effective b.though+主语+动词+副词,主句 =副词+though+主语+动词,主句 =副词+as+主语+动词,主句 例如 though Carl ran fast,he lost the race =fast though Carl ran,he lost the race =fast as Carl ran,he lost the race 注意as在句首时表“因为”而非“虽然”
LESSON 140
词汇:standstill 静止、停顿 be at fault=be in the wrong 有错
John refused to admit that he was at fault/in the wrong in the accident find fault with sb. 对某人吹毛求疵 crawl n.&vi.缓慢而行、爬行 join sb. in+动名词 加入某人一起做 be a mess=be in a mess=be messy
LESSON 141本课介绍表“一...就...”
词汇:come into existence=come into being 出现、存在 insist on+动名词 坚持
a.注意insist表坚信时that从句动词用一般时态
her family insists that she is innocent
b.insist表坚持时为意志动词(强烈表示要求、命令、规定等意思的动词)其后that从句须使用助动词should,但should通常省略直接接动词原形
Zoe insisted that her husband(should)help(to)do the homework outdared 过时的 incident 事件 come to one's rescue 赶来解救某人 cradle 紧抱 zoogoer 动物园游客 maternal 母亲的、母系的 paternal 父亲的、父系的 maternal love 母爱 give sb. an award for sth. 因某事而颁奖给某人 be awarded+物 获颁某物 award+人+物 颁发给某人某物 could it be+that从句 会不会有可能....、是不是因为 bond 结合、连接 have a bond with 和...有关联 resemblance 相似 bear a close resemblance to sb. 和某人极其相似 there's no+动名词=it is impossible to+动词原形 做...是不可能的、没人能 there's no telling=it is impossible to tell 我们无法知道、没有人知道 句子:本课介绍表“一...就...” as soon as+主语+动词,主句= the moment+主语+动词,主句= the instant+主语+动词,主句= once+主语+动词,主句 as soon as I saw Mary,I fell in love with her 若主句的主语与状语从句主语相同时,则可使用 on/upon+动名词,主句 on/upon seeing Mary,I fell in love with her
LESSON 142
词汇:say cheese 拍照时说茄子 it is no use+动名词=it is of no use+动名词/to+动词原形/=it is useless+动名词/to+动词原形=there is no use(in)动名词=there is no sense/point+in+动名词 ...是没有用的 men= man=human beings=humans=mankind 人类
LESSON 143本课介绍by the time用法
词汇:quite a bit of+不可数名词=quite a lot of+不可数名词 相当多的 注意:quite a lot of之后可接复数可数名词 advanced stage 晚期 if at all 如果有 how much have I Improved,if at all?=...,if I have improved at all paraphrase 释义 in one's own words 用某人自己的话 句子:本课介绍by the time用法 by the time作副词连词时,表“等到...时”,其所引导的状语从句修饰主句。by the time引导现在时的状语从句时,可用来修饰时态为将来进行时、将来完成时及将来完成进行时的主句,by the time也可用来引导过去时的状语从句,修饰时态为过去完成时的主句,句型如下: a.表将来时态: by the time+主语+现在时动词,主语+将来进行时(will be+现在分词)/将来完成时(will have+过去分词)/将来完成进行时(will have been+现在分词) 例如:by th time Frank graduates,I will be working already. 等佛兰克毕业时,我将在工作了 by the time Mike gets home,the family will have eaten dinner. 等麦克回家时,家人将已经吃完晚餐 by the time I wake up,my wife will have been preparing breakfast for half an hour.等我起来时,我媳妇将已经把早餐准备好半小时了(我语文不好,这话读着着真别扭) b.表过去时态: by the time+主语+过去时动词,主语+过去完成时(had+过去分词) 例如:by the time Nick called,we had already gone out.等尼克来电时,我们早就出去了
LESSON 144
词汇:put... into practice 将...付诸实施 practice做及物动词时,其后接名称或动名词做宾语,而不可接不定式短语 what do you mean by+名词/动名词 你几个意思? sit on one's behind 某人无所事事 behind (俚语)腚
LESSON 145
词汇:sharpness 灵敏、敏锐 be in the habit of+动名词=have the habit of+动名词=make it a rule to+动词原形 有...的习惯 timing n.时间安排
表食物的不同种类时food时可数名词,例如:sweet foods in brief,主语+动词 简言之 brief sb. on+事 向某人简报某事 after all 毕竟、到底
LESSON 146
词汇:pants 长裤 shorts 短裤 raise 举起 draw one's attention to 引起某人对...的注意 be able to+动词原形=be capable of+动名词 give it a try=give it a shot
LESSON 147本课介绍虚拟语气中if的省略
词汇:have experience in... 有...的经验 be experienced in... 对...有经验 role play 角色扮演 drama 戏剧作品(可数) 戏剧(不可数) field trip 参观教学 stick in one's mind 存在于深深地脑海里 stick to+名词 坚持 stick with sb. 紧随某人 memorize vt.记忆、背诵 lines 台词(恒为复数) be anything of... 有任何...的才气 be something of... 有一些...的才气 everyday为形容词,使用时后面接名词,但every和day分开写时可做副词或名词,例如 working from morning till night is part of Mr.Li's everyday life(做形容词)
Diana drinks two bottles of milk every day.(做副词) every day is another day.(做名词) 句子:本课介绍虚拟语气中if的省略 在虚拟语气的if从句中,若有表“万一”的助动词should、过去完成时的助动词had、be动词的过去时were出现时,我们可将上述词往前移,置于主语前,将if省略,句型如下 a.if+主语+should+动词原形...,主句=should+主语+动词原形...,主句,例如 if you should see Judy,please give her my regards=should you see Judy,please give her my regards b.if+主语+had+过去分词...,+主句=had+主语+过去分词...,主句 例如: if I had known you were coming,I would have cooked more food=had I Known you were coming,I would have cooked more food. c.if+主语+were...,主句=were+主语+...,主句 if I were you,I would divorce that good-for-nothing=were I you,I would divorce that good-for-nothing.
LESSON 148
词汇:make up =invent 杜撰 ruin 毁灭 audience为集合名词,表示很多观众不能说many audiences,而是a lot of audience laughter 笑声(不可数)

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...Improving Your Note Taking ▪ Effective note taking is one of the keys to succeeding in school. Students should devote a considerable amount of time reviewing information discussed during classroom lectures. It is very difficult remembering specific details from classroom lectures without good notes. These note taking strategies will help you to take better notes: ▪ Make clear and accurate notes Make sure to take legible and accurate notes since it is not uncommon to forget key details discussed in class after it has ended. Frequently, students comprehend the teacher's lecture, so they'll neglect to jot down specific details only to forget them later. Students who keep accurate notes can review them later to fully grasp key concepts during personal study time. Additionally, since during classroom lectures teachers frequently cover many topics, effective notes enable students to concentrate on specific topics. ▪ Come to class prepared Students properly prepared for class usually take better notes. Proper preparation includes completing assigned reading prior to class and reviewing notes from previous lectures. Students who do this can ask questions about confusing concepts and be prepared for new topics. ▪ Compare your notes To ensure your notes are as accurate and detailed as possible, compare them with the notes of other students after class is over. This is useful because your colleagues will frequently write down lecture details that you...

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Note Taking

...TAKING LECTURE NOTES I. There are many reasons for taking lecture notes. A. Making yourself take notes forces you to listen carefully and test your understanding of the material. B. When you are reviewing, notes provide a gauge to what is important in the text. C. Personal notes are usually easier to remember than the text. D. The writing down of important points helps you to remember then even before you have studied the material formally. II. Instructors usually give clues to what is important to take down. Some of the more common clues are: A. Material written on the blackboard. B. Repetition C. Emphasis 1. Emphasis can be judged by tone of voice and gesture. 2. Emphasis can be judged by the amount of time the instructor spends on points and the number of examples he or she uses. D. Word signals (e.g. "There are two points of view on . . . " "The third reason is . . . " " In conclusion . . . ") E. Summaries given at the end of class. F. Reviews given at the beginning of class. III. Each student should develop his or her own method of taking notes, but most students find the following suggestions helpful: A. Make your notes brief. 1. Never use a sentence where you can use a phrase. Never use a phrase where you can use a word. 2. Use abbreviations and symbols, but be consistent. B. Put most notes in your own words. However, the following should be noted exactly: 1. Formulas 2. Definitions 3. Specific facts C. Use outline form and/or...

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Note Taking Assignment

...Dean Helton Note-Taking Assignment 1. Why did you choose Cornell, Outline, or Visual Map? I chose the visual map way of taking my notes this morning at church. I have actuallynever taken my notes that way before, but I really enjoyed it. I am a kinesthetic learner and seeing maps and graphs help me understand things a lot better than just simple notes. I was nervous at first to take my notes this way but I very quickly got the hang of it. After the sermon it was much easier for me to look over my notes and understand what the message and sub nots were pointing out. I will now take all of my sermon notes this way. 2. What did you like about the style of note taking you chose? I enjoyed using this style for many reasons. One of the main reasons was because it gave me the opportunity to listen more to the sermon wrather than focusing on writing down the notes that we were given. It also was a huge help to me after when I was looking over the notes. It gave me a clearer picture of what the sermon was about. 3. What did you dislike about the style of note taking you chose? I think the only thing I disliked about it is that it is almost like an outline,a nd if you are not careful you could miss an important long point that need sto be recorded just for the sake of making your picture graph look good. I added a few take away points at the bottom of my notes that I felt like I needed to add so that I could better understand the over all message. 4. How do you plan...

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Note

...FIVE NOTETAKING METHODS Notetaking Great note-taking takes practice. You have to find a method that works for you, and that may change depending on the class that you’re in (for example, a science class versus a humanities class). Here are 5 methods that are proven to be successful. Read over each one and decide if there’s one that might work for you. These styles are described in the format you would use to take notes in class. You might find that a comfortable method is a combination of 2 or more of the ones listed here, and that’s fine. Figure out what works for you and stick with it! Page # Layout of the page and where to write THE CORNELL METHOD Today’s Date You physically draw a line vertically down your paper, leaving 2.5 inches on the left and 6 inches on the right. This allows you to take notes on the right-hand side of the page leaving space on the left to summarize the main point with a cue word or phase. When the instructor moves to a new topic, skip a line. It is also a great idea to use some organizational structure to your whole page. Use bullets!  Use an indented system – kind of like outlining You can underline important words. If you aren’t able to completely write down an idea before the instructor moves on to a new topic, fill it in after class. After class, test your knowledge of course material by covering up the right side of the page, reading the cue words, and trying to remember as much information as possible. Then check to see if you remembered...

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Free Essay

Notes

...between people in our rapidly advancing generation. In Paul Dooley and Winnie Holzman’s play Post-Its (Notes on a Marriage), we watch as two young people who are in love and newly married, begin to leave each other post its notes when they have no time for communication with one another. The author successfully tells an amazing love story using a unique means of communication. According to Anne Maydan Nicotera, “communication is critical to inter-personal relationships” (Nicotera). The notes vary from topics such as one not wanting to wake the other as they leave early for work, for tasks that need to be completed throughout the day. The audience, through the reading of the post- its notes views the couple’s life as it goes through the early stages of a relationship, to having a child, to a downhill slide of their relationship, the steady reconstruction of a marriage, and eventually it goes on until one of the two passes on. By leaving these post-its notes, the unnamed couple manages to have a basis of communication upon which they both are able to agree upon. They manage to find a convenient and effective way to convey what they need to say to one another through post-its notes, and even though things get rough, and arguments ensue, they find their strength and return to one another. Their relationship is refound with a clean slate, and although there are occasional spats in the notes, the audience can see that their relationship is much easier once they settled their problems and...

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Free Essay

Death Note

...Death Note (Japanese: デスノート Hepburn: Desu Nōto?) is a Japanese manga series written by Tsugumi Ohba and illustrated by Takeshi Obata. The story centers on Light Yagami, a high school student who discovers a supernatural notebook that grants its user the ability to kill anyone whose name and face they know. The series centers around Light's subsequent attempts to create and rule a world "cleansed of evil" as "God" using the notebook, and the efforts of a detective known as L to stop him. Death Note was first serialized in Shueisha's manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump from December 2003 to May 2006. The 108 chapters were collected and published into 12 tankōbon volumes between May 2004 and October 2006. A television anime adaptation aired in Japan from October 3, 2006, to June 26, 2007. Composed of 37 episodes, the anime was developed by Madhouse and directed by Tetsuro Araki. A light novel based on the series, written by Nisio Isin, was also released in 2006. Additionally, various video games have been published by Konami for the Nintendo DS. The series was adapted into three live-action films released in Japan on June 17, 2006, November 3, 2006, and February 2, 2008. Every piece of Death Note media has been licensed and released in North America by Viz Media, with the exception of the video games and soundtracks. The episodes from the anime first appeared in North America as downloadable by IGN, before Viz licensed it and it aired on Bionix in Canada and on Cartoon Network...

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Free Essay

Note Taking

...Note-taking for higher education Introduction Note-taking at university can be a very important skill for the majority of students. The NOTE template can be used for taking notes in lectures, seminars, tutorials, etc., as well as notes taken from books, audio and/or video. Conventional A4 lined paper, or a digital/electronic device such as a laptop, netbook, tablet, etc. can be used, depending on the student’s preferred method of note-taking. Notes should be in summary form and long sentences avoided. Students should only write on one side of the page if using paper and pen –as this makes revising and reviewing easier. Use conventional abbreviations, notations and symbols wherever possible. http://www.gre.ac.uk/study/support/needs/disabled/aap/note-taking There are a number of different ways to take notes. So, you need to find a method you feel most at ease with. However, there are four general ideas that could help you to improve your note taking skill: ● Use white space to separate major ideas. ● Try to limit your notes to one concept or section per page. ● Use abbreviations and/or symbols where possible to avoid long sentences. ● Write down the information in your own words. Method: 1) The cornell method 2) The outlining method 3) Mind mapping 4) The sentence method http://owll.massey.ac.nz/study-skills/note-taking-methods.php Why important? 1) help to extend your attention span(Taking notes helps keep you focussed on your...

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Free Essay

Death Note

...throughout his works. The will to power can be described as follows: “when one is endowed with power, one finds pleasure in utilizing ones own power. Also, when someone has the will to power they will become in love with the very idea of using their power to dominate others even by ways of cruelty” (Nietzsche). In the graphic novel, Death Note, the deeds of the protagonist of the story, Light Yagami, represents the destruction of one’s rationality and devotion to the will to power principal. What starts as a once-in-a-lifetime chance to save the world for Light becomes a path built on the pleasure of his own dominations and rise to power. The premise of Death Note is both simple and provocative: floating above the human world is the world of the shinigami, gods of death who cause human beings to die by writing their names in notebooks. Occasionally, either by accident or malice, a shinigami drops it’s notebook into the human world and an innocent person picks it up. In Death Note, brilliant and handsome young high school student Yagami Light picks up a notebook dropped by a shinigami, who has fortunately written the rules of the Death Note on the cover. The most important rule is the most simple—if you write down the name of a person whose face you know, that person will die of a heart attack within forty seconds (T. Ohba). Light later discovers many permutations—the most significant is that he can specify both the time and...

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Free Essay

Note Taking

... Academic Skills LNG 002-0 NOTE TAKING By AFROZA KAMAL NODI Student no. 1227636 A paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of International foundation course in Academic Skills in the Department of Language &Communication May 2013 Note taking Introduction Note taking is a very useful thing to memorise something also it is a learning process itself. However, it is useful when we can write notes in a right way. The aim of this report is to describe what is note taking, how we can take notes and why we take notes also when we should take notes and so on. What is note taking? Note taking is a process to write down all key words to help remember the main idea. It is an art to take someone else’s words from their lectures, speeches or from reading. “Note taking means organising your own thoughts ,often creatively, and note taking means summarising someone else’s thoughts, as expressed in a book, article or lecture” (Buzan, 2010). How we can take notes? There are several ways of taking notes such as: * Linear patterning * Symbols and Abbreviations * Analysis * Cornell method * Mind map * Structured Lists (numerical/alphabetical) * Linear patterning: liner notes are usually written in straight lines. Grammar, chorological sequence and hierarchical sequence is also used ( (Buzan, 2010). This is the typical outline format of note taking. * Symbols: These include letters...

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Death Note

...Death Notes and Shinigamis Light’s POV “Hyuk Hyuk Hyuk”, an unusual thing mutters. “What is so funny Ryuk?”, Light said to no one. “Hyuk Hyuk, nothing, it’s just that the look on your face yesterday was priceless, Hyuk Hyuk”, the thing replied. “Those two detectives just surprised me”, Light replied. “Yesterday you didn’t say a thing to me all day even though I keep talking”, the thing said. “What do you expect? You’re a shinigami for crying out loud, and no one else can see you. They’ll think I’m insane if I talk to you”, Light replied. Ryuk, a Shinigami/Death God. He has a monstrous yet a bit human like appearance, has big red eyes, scary face and huge hidden black wings. “Oh yeah, that lady detective is fast and quite smart to have been able to think that, Hyuk Hyuk”, Ryuk said while chuckling. “To be honest, it was out of my expectation that she was THAT smart”, Light said irritated. “Hyuk Hyuk, guess Light can be outsmarted by a girl sometimes”, Ryuk said. “Hmph”, Light replied. General POV “Phew, finally done with the groceries. Good thing I’m not needed in the case yet, I can enjoy a day off-like day”, I said as I went out the grocery store with a bunch of plastic bags in both of my arms. I walked in to the nearest cake shop that I can find then bought a strawberry cheesecake. As I went back to walking home, I noticed something fell on a vacant lawn. I went to the lawn to check what it is. “Hm? What’s this?”, I said as I picked up the item. “Death...

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Free Essay

Promissory Note

...SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE (AMORTIZED PAYMENTS) $__________________[Amount of Note] This promissory note (the “Note”) is made and effective _____________ [Date], by and between ____________________, an [individual] [corporation] [limited liability company] [etc.] (the “Borrower”), and _______________________, an [individual] [corporation] [limited liability company] [etc.] (the “Payee”). 1. PROMISE OF PAYMENT. FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the Borrower promises to pay to the Payee, at _______________________ [Address], _________[City], ___ [State] __________ [Zip Code], or at such other place as the Payee may designate in writing from time to time, the principal amount of _________________ Dollars ($_______), together with interest accruing on the unpaid balance thereof until due. The interest rate on this Note shall be an annual rate of interest equal to [Rate] ([Rate]%) percent, or the maximum amount allowed by applicable law, whichever is less. Interest shall be computed on the basis of a year of 365 days and the actual number of days elapsed. 2. MONTHLY INSTALLMENT PAYMENTS. The Borrower will pay said principal and interest to the Payee in equal installment payments of _______________, on the ____ day of each month, until the principal and interest have been paid in full. [INSERT OTHER PAYMENT SCHEDULE AS AGREED] Payments shall be to the Payee’s address as designated above. All payments will be applied first to interest and the remainder to principal, and interest...

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Free Essay

Taking Notes

...Taking Notes Eboni M. Whitfield Grantham University Student Success & Week 6 Taking Notes “Hang on to the world as it’s spinning around. Just don’t let the spin get you down”. This will always be one of my favorite songs by a great lyricist, Donny Hathaway; Someday we’ll be Free. In learning and retaining songs, I refrain from listening to it over and over again. I listen to a line of the song and write each line out. Writing the lyrics to songs is almost like note-taking. This strategy is in alignment with the Sentence Strategy in which I feel is most useful and effective in note-taking. The sentence note-taking method consists of writing a list of sentences as you read through the material (Johnson, 2011). The advantage to this strategy remains that it is more organized and it records most of the information. A disadvantage makes it difficult when it comes to determining the focal points and editing. Based on the courses I am taking, is this strategy most effective? Yes. Are there other strategies that may be effective? Yes. I have also found that with note-taking in my current courses, the strategy that best suits me is the mapping strategy. This strategy has been used in the past and in the light of the concepts of note-taking, it is also resourceful. This strategy allows readers to pinpoint the main theory of what they read and provide a visual representation of relationships between information and ideas (Johnson, 2011). Because research...

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Promissory Note Example

...THIS NOTE AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON THE CONVERSION HEREOF HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED. THEY MAY NOT BE SOLD, OFFERED FOR SALE, PLEDGED, HYPOTHECATED, OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR AN OPINION OF COUNSEL SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY THAT REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER SUCH ACT OR UNLESS SOLD PURSUANT TO RULE 144 UNDER SUCH ACT. CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTE Date of Issuance $XXXX (Date), 2015 FOR VALUE RECEIVED, (XXXX), an Indonesian Company (the “Company”), hereby promises to pay to the order of XXXX.(the “Lender”), the principal sum of $XXXXX, together with interest thereon from the date of this Note. Interest shall accrue at a rate of six percent (X%) per annum, compounded annually. Unless earlier converted into Conversion Shares pursuant to Section 2.2 of that certain Note Purchase Agreement dated XXXX among the Company, Lender and certain other investors (the “Purchase Agreement”), the principal and accrued interest shall be due and payable by the Company on demand by the Majority Note Holders at any time after the Maturity Date. This Note is one of a series of Notes issued pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, and capitalized terms not defined herein shall have the meaning set forth in the Purchase Agreement. 1. Payment. All payments shall be made in lawful money of the United States of America at the principal...

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Premium Essay

Refinance Notes Payable

...xxxx, Assistant Accountant of Tyler Corporation Date: January 15, 2011 Re: Classification of Note Payable on the December 31, 2010 Balance Sheet After checking the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, I want to explain how to classify the $100,000 note payable on the December 31, 2010 balance sheet. According to Accounting Standard Codification 470-10-45-14, “A short-term obligation shall be excluded from current liabilities if the entity intends to refinance the obligation on a long-term basis”, and “After the date of an entity's balance sheet but before that balance sheet is issued or is available to be issued, a long-term obligation or equity securities have been issued for the purpose of refinancing the short-term obligation on a long-term basis. If equity securities have been issued, the short-term obligation, although excluded from current liabilities, shall not be included in owners' equity.” Tyler Corporation has the same situation above. On January 5, 2011, Tyler Corporation sold 2,000 shares of its $10 par common stock for $80,000. It intends to use these plus $20,000 cash on hand to repay the note payable on March 6. Therefore, the company should get $80,000 common stock out of owner’s equity and report the $80,000 as note payable in long-term liabilities on the December 31, 2010 balance sheet. For the $20,000 cash on hand, the company should report it as note payable in current liabilities on the December 31, 2010 balance sheet. Thank you for your...

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Premium Essay

The Innovation Cycel of the Post It Note

...“If I had thought about it, I wouldn't have done the experiment. The literature was full of examples that said you can't do this.” - Spencer Silver on the work that led to the unique adhesives for 3-M Post-It Notepads. Innovation has been described by The Oxford Dictionary as the introduction of new things, ideas or ways of doing something. The Post-it Note is a product so conceptually simple, that in the technologically advanced time we live in, we have been almost desensitised to its brilliant innovation. The innovation of the Post It Note went through a number of distinct stages and processes. In this assignment I will attempt to give a clear and cohesive analysis starting from the earliest ideas of the Post It right through to the products available today. 3M The physical invention of the post it spanned over a period of 10 years, however, I believe the earliest derivation of the modern day Post It Note can be traced back to the very establishment of the 3M Company itself. In 1902 the business got off to a rather bad start when a group of investors by mistake bought a mountain containing worthless mineral to start a business to mine corundum to manufacture sand paper). Unsurprisingly the company did not generate profit for 14 years. Seemingly spurred on by their less than successful origins, 3m have since always strived to create a working environment in which innovation can flourish. Brand (1998) on the topic of 3m states that “to guarantee such conditions are in place...

Words: 2925 - Pages: 12