...SKELETAL TRACTION APPLICATION Traction : is the act of pulling or drawing which is associated with counter traction. The pulling force is applied to a part of the bodywhile a counter traction pulls in the opposite direction. In straight or running traction coutertraction is supplied by the patient’sbody with the bed in one of the following positions 1. Flat 2. Tilted away from the traction pull 3. Altered by elevating the head and / or knee gatch The Procedure 1. Purpose and identification of traction a.Purpose: used in the treatment or fractured extremities 1. To lessen muscle spasm 2. To reduce fracture 3. To provide immobilization 4. To maintain alignment 5. To correct or prevent deformities in the case of arthritis patient with flexion contraction 6. To help lessen the curvature of the spine before correction surgery b.Basic types of traction 1. Skin traction 2. Skeletal traction 3. Manual traction 2. Check for Doctor’s Order 3. Identification of parts a.Orthopedic bed/ Balkan frame -2 horizontal bars -diagonal bar -4 vertical bars -3pulleys -Clamps -Overhead trapeze -Cross bar -Firm mattress -Fracture board -Shock blocks / lock b.BST equipments -Thomas splint -Pearson attachment -Rest splint -Cord/Sash -Foot rest -Safety pins/ paper clips -Thigh rope(shortest) -Suspension rope(longest) -Traction rope(longer) -Traction weight-Suspension weight 4. Traction Set-up a. Thomas splint and pearson splint 1. Attach...
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...INTRODUCTION Review of Related Literature Pneumonitis Pneumonitis is a general term that refers to inflammation of lung tissue. It occurs when some irritating substance – solid particles, liquids, gases, radiation or bacteria – cause the tiny air sacs to become inflamed. This can hamper the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air sacs. Pneumonia is one type of pneumonitis caused by an infection. There are several types of pneumonitis. They include: • Aspiration pneumonitis- occurs when you inhale (aspirate) foreign matter into your lungs. Stomach contents, such as ingested food or liquid, are a frequent cause of aspiration pneuomonitis. Accidental inhalation of small particles, such as tiny pieces of peanuts or vegetables, while swallowing is common in young children. • Chemical pneumonitis- is a type of aspiration pneumonitis that develops when you inhale chemicals that are toxic to your lungs. Industrial and household chemicals, such as chlorine gas, ammonia, solvents and pesticides can all cause chemical pneumonitis. • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis- is nicknamed “farmer’s lung,” “mushroom picker’s disease” and other colorful names with good reason. Dust from animal dander, molds and plants, all potential allergens, can provoke an inflammatory reaction in your lungs. Symptoms usually develop within six hours of exposure to the allergen. Some people are more susceptible to developing hypersensitivity pneumonitis than are others, although it’s...
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...Asthma Hanna Bazzi Nsg 222 Henry Ford Community College Definition Bronchial asthma is a chronic disorder of the airway obstruction, bronchial hyper responsiveness, and airway inflammation that are usually reversible. It is a chronic lung disease. According to 2005 data, an estimated 22.2 million American (3.8million children younger than 18 years of age) had an asthma attack (Porth and Matfin, 2009 pg), (Ignatavicius and Workman, 2010). Although the prevalence rates for asthma have increased over the past several decades, the mortality and hospitalizations rates have stabilized. Risk factors There are several risk factors for asthma which include air pollution, infection, occupational chemicals and dust. Cigarette smoking is the most common factor in developing the disease. “Clinically significant airway obstruction develops in approximately 15% to 20% of smokers and 80% to 90% of asthma deaths in the United States are related to tobacco smoking” (Dirksen, O'Brien, Lewis, 2009, p. 631). Cigarette smoke has a direct effect on the respiratory tract in many different ways. Smoking reduces the ciliary activity and may cause loss of ciliated cells. It can also reduce airway diameter and increase the difficulty in clearing any secretions. People who are exposed to high levels of air pollution or prolonged exposure to various dusts, vapors or fumes could increase the risk for developing asthma (Porth and Matfin, 2009), (Ignatavicius and workman, 2010). ...
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...* * Fundamentals of Nursing (NSG 1355) Care Plan * * * ------------------------------------------------- Admission History * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- Patient Information: Age: 60 Gender: Male Weight and Height: 390 lbs, 76” BMI: 47.47 (Morbidly Obese) * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- Primary Language: English Religion: Latter-Day Saint Culture: Caucasian * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- Resusiciation Status: Full Code * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- ...
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...Admitting diagnosis(es) and clinical problems/complications/history: The patient was admitted on 2.13.13 with an admitting diagnosis of Syncope. Temp: 98.5, Pulse: 66, Resp: 16, Blood Pressure: 120/79, SpO2: 98%/room air. Patient stated that over the past two weeks she has become dizzy and fallen four to five times. On her day of admission she claims to have fallen again while brushing her teeth. This is the second time this has happened. Six years ago she presented with syncope in her home town of Leesburg, Florida. The first occurrence produced a negative medical workup. Both syncopal episodes appear to present during times of elevated stress in the client's life. The episode six years ago appears to correlate with a divorce from her husband of 15 years. The recent episode was preceded by a recent move from Leesburg, Florida to the Jacksonville, Florida area. The client denies any preceding symptoms of the syncopal episodes, however she states that she does have occurrences of nausea and dizziness without vomiting. Additionally, the client is complaining of unrelieved lower back and hip pain on her left side. The client was admitted for observation and evaluation due to her high number of falls. Near-syncope is a term that includes a dizzy feeling with the inability to stand upright. Syncope means a brief loss of consciousness. The loss of consciousness is usually caused by a decrease in blood flow to the brain. Decreased blood flow to the brain can be caused by a reduction...
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...Case Study Pleural effusion NSG/340 Sandra Gilderson, MSN/Ed, RN Case Study Diagnosis and admission A.B. admitting diagnosis pleural effusion, pulmonary infiltrates possible pneumonia based on the result of chest x-ray. Also the presenting signs and symptom provided information that can link to pleural effusion evidenced of his signs and symptoms Pleural effusion Is an abnormal collection of fluid in the pleural space, it is not a disease but an indication of a disease (Lavie et al, 2014). Difference between transudate and exudate “A transudate effusion occurs primarily in noninflammatory conditions and is an accumulation of protein-poor, cell-poor fluid” (Lavie et al, 2014, p. 549). The fluid is leaking into the pleural space, the hydrostatic pressure is increased in the blood vessels, and the protein is low. “An exudate effusion results from increased capillary permeability characteristic of inflammatory reaction. It is most commonly associated with infections and malignancies” (Lavie et al., 2014, p. 549). The blood vessel is blocked or the inflammation result from fluid escaping into the tissues and cavities. Three common causes of pleural effusion “Pleural effusions can arise from a variety of disease states or medications including heart failure, bacterial pneumonia, and pulmonary embolism” (Saguil et al., 2014 p. 2). The reduction in lung volume, depression of the diaphragm and reduced chest wall compliance cause dyspnea, and occasionally pain or cough (Myatt...
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...Family Nurse Practitioner Melissa Rodden South University NSG 5000 Role of Advanced Practice Nurse: Family Nurse Practitioner April 18, 2015 Abstract The issues of patient safety and the increasing scope of family nurse practitioners in medical practice have been dealt with in this paper. National Patient Safety Guidelines are an important tool to help standardize the patient safety procedures. The role of the family nurse practitioner in helping patients is unquestionable and they are the cornerstones of modern medical practice. Introduction Today’s family nurse comes with in depth knowledge of medicine and is board certified. The responsibilities that have to be fulfilled by such a practitioner embrace health as a way of living and they focus on both treatment and prevention. In recent times, with transitional care gaining widespread acceptance the family nurse practitioner is being granted more decision-making authority although in certain states they are still under a physician’s supervision. The National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs) were put forward by the joint commission for the first time in 2002. The aim of introducing these goals was to deal with patient safety issues and specify certain prerequisites for accreditation (Fairman et al., 2011). Discussion The 2015 NPSG’s provide great scope for a family nurse practitioner to...
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...Property-based Software Engineering Measurement Lionel Briand CRIM 1801 McGill College Avenue Montréal (Quebec), H3A 2N4 Canada Lionel.Briand@crim.ca Sandro Morasca Dip. di Elettronica e Informazione Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 I-20133 Milano, Italy morasca@elet.polimi.it Victor R. Basili Computer Science Department University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742 basili@cs.umd.edu Abstract Little theory exists in the field of software system measurement. Concepts such as complexity, coupling, cohesion or even size are very often subject to interpretation and appear to have inconsistent definitions in the literature. As a consequence, there is little guidance provided to the analyst attempting to define proper measures for specific problems. Many controversies in the literature are simply misunderstandings and stem from the fact that some people talk about different measurement concepts under the same label (complexity is the most common case). There is a need to define unambiguously the most important measurement concepts used in the measurement of software products. One way of doing so is to define precisely what mathematical properties characterize these concepts, regardless of the specific software artifacts to which these concepts are applied. Such a mathematical framework could generate a consensus in the software engineering community and provide a means for better communication among researchers, better guidelines for analysts, and better evaluation...
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...I. Introduction - Shock (Chapter 11) A. Review of anatomy and physiology B. Pathophysiology Initiation | * Decreased tissue oxygenation * Decreased intravascular volume * Decreased Myocardial contractility (cardiogenic ) * Obstruction of blood flow (obstructive) * Decreased vascular tone (distributive) * Septic (mediator release) * Neurogenic (suppression of SNS) | No observable clinical indications Decreased CO may be noted with hemodynamic monitoring | Compensatory | * Neural compensation by SNS * Increased HR and Contractiliy * Vasoconstriction * Redistribution of blood flow from nonessential to essential organs * Bronchodilation * Endocrine Compensation (RAAS, ADH, glucocorticoid release) * Renal reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and water * Vasoconstriction * Glycogenolysis | * Increased HR (EXCEPT NEUROGENIC) * Narrowed pulse pressure * Rapid, deep respirations causing respiratory alkalosis * Thirst * Cool,moist skin * Oliguria * Diminished bowel sounds * Restlessness progressing to confsion * Hyperglycemia * Increased specific gravity and decreased creatinine clearance. | Progressive | * Progressive tissue hypoperfusion * Anaerobic metabolism wih lactic acidosis * Failure of sodium potassium pump * Cellular edema | * Dysrhythmias * Decreased BP with narrowed pulse pressure * Tachypnea * Cold, clammy skin * Anuria * Absent bowel sounds * Lethargy progressing...
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...[pic] The forty-eight hours exposure we had at Cotabato Regional and Medical Center opened the door of opportunity to experience things that broadened our knowledge and enhanced our skills. We were exposed to different cases of various clients. We became accustomed with the routines in the hospital and interacting with our patients, even with their watchers. We encountered some difficulties and struggles, yet that didn’t hinder us in giving our best to do our job. That exposure gave us an opportunity to handle different cases. With all those we’ve encountered, we chose one to be the subject of our case study. We are presenting to you Bronchial Asthma which is the case of our patient at Medicine Ward Room C whom we will call Mr. Theodore for the purpose of confidentiality. Bronchial asthma is a disease caused by increased responsiveness of the tracheobronchial tree to various stimuli. The result is paroxysmal constriction of the bronchial airways. Bronchial asthma is the more correct name for the common form of asthma. The term 'bronchial' is used to differentiate it from 'cardiac' asthma, which is a separate condition that is caused by heart failure. Although the two types of asthma have similar symptoms, including wheezing (a whistling sound in the chest) and shortness of breath, they have quite different causes. Bronchial asthma is a disease of the lungs in which an obstructive ventilation disturbance of the respiratory passages evokes a feeling of shortness...
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...International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories.[1] In most countries, such trade represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP). While international trade has been present throughout much of history (see Silk Road, Amber Road), its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in recent centuries. Industrialization, advanced transportation, globalization, multinational corporations, and outsourcing are all having a major impact on the international trade system. Increasing international trade is crucial to the continuance of globalization. Without international trade, nations would be limited to the goods and services produced within their own borders. International trade is, in principle, not different from domestic trade as the motivation and the behavior of parties involved in a trade do not change fundamentally regardless of whether trade is across a border or not. The main difference is that international trade is typically more costly than domestic trade. The reason is that a border typically imposes additional costs such as tariffs, time costs due to border delays and costs associated with country differences such as language, the legal system or culture. Another difference between domestic and international trade is that factors of production such as capital and labor are typically more mobile within a country than across countries. Thus international trade is mostly restricted...
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...CHAPTER 10 Auditing Revenue and Related Accounts 1 Explain the concept of accounting cycles and their impact on audit approaches, and identify the accounts in the revenue cycle. 2 Discuss the importance of proper revenue recognition and the characteristics of revenuerelated fraud. 3 Describe the major types of fraud and misstatements that have occurred in the revenue accounts. 4 Describe how to use analytical procedures to identify possible misstatements in the revenue cycle. 5 Assess inherent and control risk regarding revenue cycle accounts. 6 Use audit procedures to test the effectiveness of controls in the revenue cycle. 7 Link the auditor’s control risk assessment to the development of substantive tests of accounts in the revenue cycle. 8 Describe the factors that influence the effectiveness and efficiency of audits of account balances. 9 Apply auditing concepts to test revenue. 10 Apply auditing concepts to test accounts receivable. 11 Describe fraud indicators in the revenue cycle and related audit procedures. 12 Evaluate the adequacy of a client’s allowance for doubtful accounts. Th om so n LEARNING OBJECTIVES Le ar ni ng ™ The overriding objective of this textbook is to build a foundation to analyze current professional issues and adapt audit approaches to business and economic complexities. Through studying this chapter, you will be able to: CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter illustrates the audit concepts developed in Chapters...
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...Chapter I INTRODUCTION “The family is the nucleus of civilization.” -Ariel and Will Durant: Wisdomquotes.com The family is the smallest unit of the society and the natural fundamental core of the community and consequently, it is considered as the primordial recipient of the nursing effort, which is contributory to the development, and progress of the community through active involvement and self – responsibilities of each constituent. It is composed of persons, male and female, being molded to be as one, working hand in hand to maintain a good atmosphere among the family members. A nucleus controls the functions of the entire cell and can be thought as the “command center” of the cell. The nucleus as well has different components which are all needed in order for it and the cell to function well, same as with the “commander” or the head of the family and the members who has different functions within the family. The impression or status of each family will always affect the status of the community as a whole. Community health nursing is a response to the health needs of the people. It does not focus on a particular class or family. It is comprehensive and general in approach. Community health service is not episodic as it requires continuous observation and monitoring of the community as a whole. Promotion and preservation of the health of its different clients (individual, family, group or community) is the primary goal of community health nursing. ...
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...PUEBLO COMMUNITY COLLEGE NURSING NUR 211 Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Supplemental Learning Guide Course Objectives * Relate the minimum requirements for the course. * Illustrate the use of competencies for learning. * Formulate own needs and responsibilities relative to meeting course competencies. * Relate course/clinical assignments and evaluation * Distinguish how the major concepts (see Nursing Student Handbook) of the program are affected by the variety of conditions and diseases within this course for all age groups. Outline A. Orientation to course 1. Course descriptions 2. Course outcomes/competencies 3. Textbooks B. Course Requirements 1. Student assignments and responsibilities 2. Minimum level of achievement 3. Evaluation tools C. Course/ Clinical Assignments and Evaluation D. Major Concepts 1. Caring 2. Clinical judgment, clinical reasoning, and nursing judgment 3. Clinical microsystem 4. Collaboration 5. Critical thinking 6. Cultural competence and Diversity 7. Ethics 8. Evidence-based care 9. Healthcare environment 10. Human flourishing 11. Informatics and Information management 12. Integrity 13. Knowledge, skills, and attitudes 14. Leadership 15. Nursing and Nursing Process 16. Nursing-sensitive indicators 17. Patient and Patient-centered care 18. Personal and Professional development 19. Professional identity ...
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...October 2011: 1 | | Cabinet approves Bill to share mining profits | * Mines and Mineral Development and Regulation (MMDR) Bill, 2011 * Provides for mining companies to keep aside 26% of their net profits for a Mineral Development Fund to be used for development and rehabilitation of project-affected people in the tribal areas of the country * For the non-coal companies, amount will be equivalent to the royalty they pay * Appointed a regulatory body for overseeing the functioning of the mining sector and measures to tackle illegal mining | Maoist problem in West Bengal | * In Jangalmahal region of West Bengal * Maoists: Operations by security forces and peace talks cannot go together. | Yasin Malik's arrest sparks protests | * After police detained JKLF chairman Mohammad Yasin Malik for taking out a rally against the death sentence awarded to Afzal Guru | Court allows export of unused endosulfan | * SC has allowed the export of unused stock of endosulfan. * But the ban on use and production of the pesticide will continue | FDI in beekeeping | * GOI allowed 100 per cent FDI in beekeeping, also known as ‘apiculture' under automatic route * Other areas in which the permission has already been given: * Plantation * Horticulture * Seeds * Cultivation of vegetables and mushrooms * Animal husbandry * Pisciculture * Aquaculture | 2 | | Neelima's application for visa rejected | * American Consulate in Mumbai rejected Magsaysay...
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