...The Importance of Number Sense in the Elementary Classroom Robyn Thomas EDU Instructor: Dr. Silvernail November 2, 2011 Abstract In today’s elementary classrooms, students are expected to think and speak on high levels of intelligence. Teachers are encouraged to set high expectations, to question and probe and to ask students to explain what they are thinking. This paper will focus on the importance of understanding numbers or possessing number sense at the elementary level. The idea that students should already have some number sense is controversial. Struggling students in today’s classroom in the area of math seem to lack a major concept, which is a basic math skill or understanding numbers. What is number sense? Number sense refers to a person's general understanding of number and operations along with the ability to use this understanding in flexible ways to make mathematical judgments and to develop useful strategies for solving complex problems. Number sense develops gradually, and varies as a result of exploring numbers, visualizing them in a variety of contexts, and relating them in ways that are not limited by traditional algorithms. Most children acquire this conceptual structure informally through interactions with parents and siblings before they enter kindergarten (Marshall 2010) . Other children who have not acquired it require formal instruction to do so. For example, one child may enter school knowing that...
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...THE SENSES Hilgard morgan and Sartain explain that there are more than eight senses that we use to explore and learn about the world.Each of these senses has a specific sense organ within which are receptor cells or receiving mechanisms that are sensitive to certain stimuli in the environment. The Eye Is the organ of vision, is sometimes compared to a camera lens because it works roughly the same way as the latter which focuses images of objects at various distances o the film as it moves toward or away from the place of the film. The lens of the eye focuses light images on a sensitive surface.This surface in the eye is the retina,which is composed of rods and cones. Rods which are cylindrical and number about 100 million,do not distinguish colors but are more sensitive to light than are the cones. Cones which are conical in shape and more than six million in number,allow us to see the different wave lengths of light as different hues or colors. Hilgard presents the process of seeing,light enters the eye through the cornea,a tough transparent membrane.The amount of light entering the eye is regulated by the diameter of the pupil,a small hole in front of the eye formed by the iris.The iris consists of a ring of muscles that can contract or expand,thereby controlling pupil size. The Ear Is the sense organ of hearing which is sensitive to sound waves,the mechanical vibrations in the air. There are three parts of the ear:The outer ear,Midle...
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...February 29, 2016 Dr. Evangeline M. De Jesus / General Psychology I. INTRODUCTION Perception is a process that combines both sensing and interpreting. Information from the outside world comes through our senses. The information is then interpreted, and this interpretation gives meaning to what is sensed. The process of interpreting or giving meaning to the stimulus received by the senses. The stimulus energy transmitted to the brain by the nerve impulses. Then the mind interprets the stimulus. Thus, sensation is a prerequisite to perception. Sensation is to the sense organ while perception is to the brain. Sensation is simple and perception a complex process in which understanding intervenes. Perception is preceded by sensation. The number of our sensory systems will give rise to the same number of perceptual systems. We live in a visually-oriented world where almost everything that can give meaning to us stimulated our sense of sight. Scientists believe the human brain is the most complex structure in the universe. In addition to ruling perception, your brain controls your moods, memory, moments, body function and imagination. If the primary function of sensation is to take in information, the primary function of perception is to help us make sense of that information. Research on hypnosis has confirmed that unconscious influences are possible. Subliminal perception occurs whenever stimuli presented below the threshold or limen for awareness are found to influence...
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... Paragraph 1 | * Write about the content of the poem: * The title of the poem * The connection between the title and the meaning of the poem * Main theme and sub-ideas * The speaker: Is it the poet himself? Is he wearing a mask and talking through a different voice; a persona? * The tone: How does the speaker sound? Is the tone consistent throughout the poem or is it changing? | Paragraph 2 | * Write about the form of the poem: * Type (sonnet, ode, elegy, ballad, villanelle, haiku etc) * Division (number of stanzas and lines, line length) * Sound Devices: rhythm, rhyme, alliteration, assonance, consonance, onomatopoeia, repetition. * The relation between the form and the content: How is the poet employing the form to deliver his message? How does the form reflect/convey/ illustrate/portray the poet’s feelings? | Paragraph 3 | * Discuss the imagery of the senses: Is the poet using any images that appeal to the senses? * Visual * Auditory * Olfactory * Tactile * Gustatory * Organic * Kinesthetic | Paragraph 4 | Tackle the Figures of Speech: * Simile * Metaphor * Personification * Oxymoron * Hyperbole * Allusion * Ambiguity * Pun * Paradox | Paragraph 5 | Explore symbols and motifs | Paragraph 6 | Conclusion: You write reflectively about the poem. What does it mean to you eventually? | Notes: * A paragraph is from 3 to 5 sentences or a bit more, but never less than three. This means...
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...Critical Thinking Assignment 1 Kim McLaughlin 01/26/2014 Abstract Our senses both enlighten and deceive our mind. Our senses act as a liaison to the world working hand in hand to shape our perception of who we are, where we are, and what is going on in our surroundings. Our senses nourish our brain a lot like food nourishes our body; without them our brain would be virtually blank. Provide at least three (3) reasons for believing in the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory information. Our sensory information comes directly from our senses. For example, our eye sees what is taking place around us and sends the data to the brain so we can identify or recognize our surroundings. Thus, the information from the eye is real and not in any way modified or abstracted. Secondly we should believe in the accuracy of sensory information because our prior knowledge helps us to relate to what we perceive to be true. This brings about the production of sensory information that helps us in making decisions good or bad. Having accurate information, one is able to decide whether a particular taste is sweet, sour or bitter subject to what they perceive. One more example to support accuracy of sensory information is when a doctor whose patient has multiple symptoms and with his knowledge he diagnoses the correct illness and the patient gets well. Third, the data from our senses is very important especially in establishing a starting point for our learning and behaviour nuisances in the...
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...perspective focuses on how factors like age, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and income level influence behavior, attitudes, and mental processes. A. Sociocultural B. Behavioral C. Cognitive D. Humanistic E. Psychodynamic Table Provide a description of the function of the structures or hormones listed. |Structure |Hormone(s) released (if applicable) |Description or function | |Frontal lobe |CRH Corticotropin-releasing hormone |Helps with decision making | |Somatosensory cortex |CRH |Sensory receptive area for the sense of touch | |Pancreas |Glucagon and insulin |A long flat gland that lies behind the stomach | |Thyroid |Thyroxie, triodothyronine |Covers the windpipe from 3 sides.helps the body produce and regulatehormones | | |...
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...Synesthesia Synesthesia People hear colors, some feel it, and others smell it and some combine this whole senses together. It is very unusual to feel colors, perceive writings on a paper, taste shapes, hear it, or even see scents and feel pains in colors. Some synethetes incorporate objects like letters with a part of their sensory perception, others do with numbers. Studies have proven synesthesia people as people who represent numbers for colors and some synesthetes, with their own qualities insist on their beliefs with respect to how they see things. Researches from different sources have also shown only four percentage of the population for this reality of experience different to general nature. However, synesthesia is an unusual state of nature where the normal stimulation of a particular sense such as sight generates different experiences in another sense such as taste. Synesthesia people are called synesthetes; which is originated from two Greek words; “syn” meaning together and “aisthesis” meaning perception. The combination of these two Greek words implies synesthesia signifies “perceiving together”. Different perceptions related to synesthesia differ with synesthetes. Many synesthetes exhibit some traits other synesthetes cannot. There have been stories from different synesthetes who explains their own perception and how they view and sense things. Their Emergence Synesthetes have existed for a very long time undated, and since the 19th and 20th centuries,...
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...I. Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to a. Discuss the Sensation and Perception b. Value the importance of Perception that allows us to act within our environment. c. Demonstrate the stimuli by help of perceptual theories. II. Subject Matter Sensation and Perception III. Materials Marker Cartolina Paper Colored Paper Pictures 35 copies of Lesson Hand-outs IV. Procedure A. Preparation Teacher’s Activity | Student’s Activity | “Good morning Class”“Let us pray first, Anyone who wants to lead the prayer?”“Thank you Ms. /Mr._____ for leading the prayer. Again, good morning!”“Ms. /Mr. Secretary may I know who are the absent for today?”"you may take your seat and please arrange your chairs""I will give you a minute to prepare yourself & do what you want before we proceed to our lesson""Okay class, sit properly and please listen attentively in our discussions." | “Good morning Ma’am”(One Student will lead the prayer)(The secretary will stand and tell who are the absentee)(the students will arrange their chair and take their seat)(the students can do anything)“yes ma’am” | B. Motivation Teacher’s Activity | Student’s Activity | "Before we start our lesson, let’s have a simple ice breaker first.""this ice breaker is called "4 pics 1 word""Do any of you know this game?""How it goes?""Thank you. You’re right. I will show 4 pictures that are related to each other and you just guess what does the pictures shows. You will...
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...Synesthesia is a condition that causes different senses to blend with each other. Nearly 4 percent of the population experience synesthesia. Whenever someone with synesthesia receives stimulation from one of their senses it causes an involuntary experience in a second sense. A synesthete, or person who has synesthesia, might see sounds or taste words. If they smell cinnamon, it might cause them to also feel as if something is brushing up against their leg. There are many different types of synesthesia, but some are more common than others. Grapheme-color synesthesia is one of the most common types. People who experience this type of synesthesia associate a certain color with a specific letter or number. Sound-to-color synesthesia is when a...
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...This research study pertains to my research project in that it shows how social networking sites can be advantageous to healthy well-being by providing for a sense of “social support” to its users based on how popular they are on the networking site. The study gives examples of how this created sense of social support builds on psychological health through perception and larger friend lists on Facebook, which is relevant to the “for” side of my research topic. This research study presents clear evidence that interpersonal social support impacts stress levels and, in turn, degree of physical illness and psychological well-being. This study examines whether mediated social networks contribute to this. The study was based on a survey of 401 undergraduate Facebook users. The initial predictions turned out to agree with the final results of the study. The final results revealed that the larger number of Facebook friends associated with a user the stronger perceptions of social support, which in turn associated with reduced stress, along with less physical illness and greater well-being. This effect directly involves when interpersonal network size was taken into consideration. The study discusses that for those who have experienced many objective life stressors, the number of Facebook friends emerged as the stronger predictor of perceived social support. The "more-friends- the-better" heuristic is the main focal point of...
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...The Use of Animals as Humans Part of Syllabus to which it relates: Could animals or machines be persons? Number of words: 1,608 Source Material: Garfield by Jim Davis at gocomcs.com (http://www.gocomics.com/garfield/2011/08/12) All rights reserved to Jim Davis Garfield, a normal house cat, lives with his owner, Jon, and constantly have talks between each other. Yet, in this comic shown, there is a question derived from the knowledge of what Garfield can do, and that is if animals could be a person. The obvious answer to any average human would be 'No', but only by means of distinguishing between a normal household cat and a human and only comparing the physical body structure of both. After all, Garfield is supposed to be a normal household cat. But, he may have that human personality, because he thinks and it is somewhat of a communication with Jon. He also stands just like a human, and has a background for drinking coffee out of a mug, making him somewhat of a person. Yet this comic, depicting him as Jon's kid only for the practice of having kids, only describe the topic of believing that animals could be persons. Garfield is fat tabby cat that has a big attitude between him, Odie, a dog also in the house, and Jon. Yet, throughout the comic series, Garfield also struggles with human problems, such as diets, loathing of Mondays, apathy, boredom, and working out. Most of the time, Garfield is found either with himself or Jon in a conversation speaking through thought...
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...How much of one’s knowledge depends on interaction with other knowers? Most of a person’s knowledge comes from and depends upon the interaction with others. We simply cannot have knowledge if you are isolated from others. Take the example that you are alone, in a room, with no windows. In this situation the person in the room cannot possibly have any understanding of the outside world. They would also not know the most basic of information. Would one know that one was human or that there are other people beside oneself out there? How would one also think of things if there were no former knowledge of language? The person in the above example can be thought of as one of the humans that are living in the underground cave in the article that I have previously read titled, “The Allegory of the Cave.” Both the person in the room and the human in the cave have no prior knowledge of the outside world. Though the human has seen shadow, heard voices, and has had some interaction with others, he still does not know whether the things that he has seen or heard are in fact true. The person in the room does not have the luxury to leave the room like the human in the cave did to explore the world. Because the human was able to leave the cave, he gained new knowledge and learned that his previous knowledge was not correct. A way that we can gain knowledge from the interaction of others is through our parents or peers. As we are growing up, our parents help us gain knowledge of the world...
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...the way we perceive information, and finally provide some examples of interesting and complex pictures to perceive (a true example of information processing). (You should have done the Common Sense demo and determined your MBTI four letters before you view this slide presentation.) Slide 2 Text: According to Wickens, 1984, information processing begins when a stimuli hits one or many of our five senses. Once that stimuli is sensed, our long-term memory determines if this stimuli is something experienced before (like the smell of a lemon) or is a new sensation. If it is a new sensation, then it is put into short term memory (often referred to as working memory) until a decision and response is selected (is this a good or bad sensation). Once a response is made (that is very cold or hot!), we receive feedback from our senses on whether the initial response was correct or another decision or response is required based on the feedback from our first decision. Let’s use as an example, looking at someone showing their hand with the fingers in a fist and the thumb pointing up. Most of us would interpret that signal as an “alright or good deal” signal. However, in Australia a thumbs up motion means “Up yours” and in Germany it means “the number one” and in Japan it means “the number five” and in Saudi Arabia it means “I’m winning” and finally in Malaysia it means “the way you point instead of using the finger”. Now that your memory is aware of the different ways of perceiving...
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...The first thing that I found to be interesting was that synesthesia is a condition that involves all of the senses. Prior to reading this article, I thought that it was a condition that only involved seeing colors from sounds because I met a person who was a synesthete and claimed to see colors from sounds. Another thing that I found interesting was the large gap between the year in which synesthesia was discovered and the year that it began to be seriously studied. Scientists have known about the condition since 1880, yet clear answers were not found until 1999. Ever since I first heard about synesthesia, it was such a fascinating concept to me that I found it bizarre that the notion of it would just be disregarded and not further researched...
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...Eye – sight The only vision organ in our body is eye. The eye is connected to the brain through the optic nerve and the point of this connection is called the "blind spot" because it is highly sensitive to light. Furthermore experiments have shown that the back of the brain maps the visual input from the eyes. An eye has a dynamic structure consisting of a transparent lens that focuses light on the retina. The retina is covered with two basic types of light-sensitive cells-rods and cones. The light is focused by the cone cells which are sensitive to color and they are located in the part of the retina. The rod cells are not sensitive to color, but it have got a greater sensitivity to light than the cone cells. The brain combines the input of our two eyes into a single three-dimensional image. Additionally even though the image on the retina is upside-down because of the focusing action of the lens, the brain converts and provides the right-side-up perception. The iris actually is a pigmented muscle that controls the size of the pupil, which dilates to allow more light into the eye or contracts to allow less light into the eye. The iris and pupil are covered by the cornea. The range of perception of the eye is phenomenal. In the dark, the eye perception would be a substance produced by the rod cells which increases the sensitivity of the eye so that it is possible to detect very dim light. Strong light, the iris contracts reducing the size of the lens that admits light into...
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