...A nursing theory is a structured framework of concepts and purposes intended to guide the nursing practice. Nursing theories are important in nursing practice as they allow the nurses to use their critical thinking and analytical skills to improve concept comprehension. The use of nursing theories in the practice can bring new knowledge and can influence the future nursing practice. Nursing theories developed to describe the nursing care, guide the nursing practice and provide a foundation for clinical decision making. The foundation of the nursing theory was placed by Florence Nightingale. The first nursing theory established in the late 1800s when there was a strong emphasis on the nursing education took place. There are several nursing...
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...Five Stages of Nursing Theory and Philosophy NU 500 UNIT 1 June 6, 2012 Jeanne Greer, RN Saint Joseph's University Five Stages of Nursing Theory and Philosophy Nursing has made phenomenal achievement in the last century that has led to the recognition of nursing as an academic discipline and a profession. According to Fawcett (1980), a move towards theory-based practice has made nursing meaningful (p. 10). When talking about nursing theory development, it is important to identify the stages that nursing theory development has gone through to define and guide nursing practice. It is widely believed that the use of theory offers structure and organization to nursing knowledge. George (2002) defined theory as “a set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions or propositions derived from nursing models or from other disciplines and project a purpose, systematic view of phenomena by describing, explaining, predicting, and/or prescribing”(p. 3). Theory development seeks to help the nurse understand the practice in a more complete and insightful way and provides a method of identifying and expressing key ideas about the essence of practice. Theory development is a complex, time consuming process that covers a number of stages or phases from inception of concepts to testing of theoretical propositions through research (Taylor & Renpenny 2011) Kidd and Morrison (1988) described five stages of nursing theory development (McEwen &Wills...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Nursing has evolved greatly as a profession. Nursing has become an independent practice with its own theory practice, models and distinct interventions (George, 2011). Through the years, nursing leaders have developed many nursing theories that guide our practice today. Their research and contributions to the nursing profession has shaped our present-day practices. This paper will delineate the historic development of nursing science, focusing on the most widely known and used theories. This paper will also canvass the influences of these concepts in the development of the nursing profession, and multidisciplinary influences. Development of Nursing Science Florence Nightingale (1859) Florence Nightingale is considered the mother of nursing. In 1859, Nightingale published her book Notes on Nursing that has “directed nursing practice for over 150 years” (George, 2011, p. 9). She believed that the force for healing resides within the human being and that if the environment is appropriately supportive, humans will seek to heal themselves” (George, 2011, p. 25). Her environmental theory is a valuable concept, which is the basis of nursing practice today. It is applied in all the fields of nursing. 1950s Theories Hildegard Peplau (1952). Hildegard Peplau introduced her interpersonal theory. Her theory focused on the relationship of the nurse and the patient. She believed that there is growth for each individual- the nurse and the...
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...NURSING PHILOSOPHY, 1 NURSING PHILOSOPHY NURSING PHILOSOPHY, 2 Nursing philosophy Definitions Philosophy Philosophies encompass a multitude of value statements and beliefs. Philosophies are based on knowledge derived from reality, personal values, existence, reasoning, and relevant presentation of concepts. According to Alligood (2014), they address concepts such as person, environment, health, and nursing. Philosophies are derived from different theoretical works which affirm general ideas pertaining to those works. Philosophies are all based on individual ideas which conceptualize different views of nursing. Alligood (2014) suggests that philosophies broaden everyday views of nursing. Nursing Philosophy Nursing philosophy is a representation of philosophy as it directly relates to nursing. According to Alligood (2014), specific nursing philosophies encompass theory guided nursing practice. The three different philosophies of nursing that each has their own value system are Nightingale’s, Watson’s and Benner’s. Each philosophy addresses its own concept of nursing care and factors that are associated with that. Alligood (2014) suggests nursing philosophies give us different views to consider when applying nursing care. Each philosophy serves its purpose as an interpretation of a rationalized value system of ideas of nursing care. Metaparadigm A metaparadigm is a knowledge type of nursing. The core basis of nursing is...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Development of the nursing practice has e started as early as the 1850’s with Florence Nightingale. She was the founder of the first nursing theory. From her foundation over the years nursing has blossomed into a great career and practice to where nurses and patients both benefit from the advances in theories and practice. Theory is an essential part of the past, present and future of nursing. Timeline: (1860) Florence Nightingale: - Florence Nightingale was the founder of nursing theory (George, 2011). She described nursing as both an art and a science. She recommended adjusting the environment to improve the person’s health. She believed that nursing was a calling and that it is different from medicine and the goal for nursing was to place the patient in the best possible condition for nature to act. She was able to construct this theory through her experiences in the Crimean war. Theory development began with Nightingale and was revived in the 1950s. Her foundational work is what nursing theorists expanded upon that started in the 1950’s until the present time. (1952) Hildegard Paplau: Interpersonal Relations Theory -Paplau, a psychiatric nurse instructor, described the nurse-client relationship, and stated that nursing is therapeutic interpersonal process (George, 2011). The 1950’s populated theoretical conceptualization of nursing science by Columbia University Teaching College graduates (George, 2011). Paplau...
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...Nursing Theory Development Stephanie Woina St Joseph’s College of Maine Nursing Theory Development The nursing world is abundant with different theories to guide people through nursing practice. Each theory varies depending on the theorist and their knowledge base in nursing. The nursing profession has grown and changed since the days of Florence nightingale and the stages of nursing theory development reflect this. The initial stage of nursing theory, the silent knowledge stage lasted from the 1860s up until WWII. Once the American Medical Association realized the relationship between nursing and patients’ health, formal training for nurses began in 1872 at the New England Hospital. The training that followed for nurses took place in hospitals and was led by physicians and hospital administrators. This nursing education was very technical and focused on following physician orders without question. The nurses were treated poorly, overworked and looked at as labors to blindly follow a doctor’s lead (McEwen & Wills, 2011). Their scope of practice was very limited during this time, there was no independent thinking and nursing were thought of as subservient to physicians and taught to follow their orders without question. According to Parker and Smith, before World War II nurses did not take blood pressures or give injections because “they did not claim the use of these techniques to facilitate their nursing” (2010, p. 22). While nursing education has evolved...
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...MODULE 2: Theory Development in Nursing Discuss the five development of nursing theory. Silent Knowledge Stage is the period where nurses practice blind obedience to medical authority. Trainings of nurses and student nurses were limited to hospital settings. There is no independent decision-making by the nurse, and technical skills can only be performed by skilled nurses. Hospital schools believed that the nursing education comprises only of learning technical skills and that there is no need to be educated of theory. It is in this stage that nurses are dependent to doctors, and they carry out orders no questions asked. Received Knowledge Stage is the time when nurses were encouraged to be registered as a professional by taking up state licensure, and pursue graduate education to study nursing functions and purposes. Prominent nursing organizations were formed and books containing lessons on nursing research and theories were published. The publication of the Journal of Nursing Research was then set forth, which goal, according to Parker (2006), was to promote scientific productivity and report scientific investigations for nursing, and contains papers on a variety of topics in relation to health care and current policies. This drove nurses in graduate education to inspire other nurses scholars to improve their awareness on theories and their skills in practice. Subjective Knowledge Stage is the period where authority was internalized and new sense of self emerged...
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...Philosophy and Psychology What Has Driven Nursing Theory Discussing the future of nursing theory can bring up a wide outlook of the direction of nursing. Everyone has different views and interests concerning nursing’s future. In this discussion, we will cover some of the opinions of what has driven nursing theory development, what will drive future development in nursing theory, and how might nursing practice change as a result of evolving nursing theory. According to "Nursing Theory" (2011), “The nursing profession has evolved greatly over time, moving from dependence upon total medical direction providing basic care into an independent practice modality with its own nursing theory practice, nursing models, and distinct nursing interventions” (Nursing Theory).The requirements of nursing education have grown greatly. Nurses used to only take care of basic ADL’s of patients. Today, many nurses have more knowledge than the physicians working with these nurses. It is only logical that nurses have their own set of theories and models that guide their nursing practice. Nursing theories increase the general knowledge within nursing through research implementation. Theories provide the basis for nursing practice, helps to generate future knowledge, and indicates in which direction nursing should develop. Nursing theories are an attempt by the nursing profession to continue within the professional boundaries of nursing (Nursing Theory, 2011). Nursing theory has also been driven by the advanced...
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...Development of Nursing Timeli ne Explain the historical development of nursing science by citing specific years, theories, theorist, and event in the history of nursing. 3 POINTS While it is known that the art of nursing has been around for thousands of years, the development of nursing as a science has not. The development of Nursing into a Science was driven by people believed in social reform. Nurses knew that they were providing duties that held the standards of professionalism. Nurses developed a concept that nursing practice should be based on which is person, health, environment and nurse. Next nurses developed the nursing process to guide nurses in practice. felt as though there were providing nurses who created theory from practice. Nurses who used their experience to solve problems in nursing practice. In the early mid twentieth century, around 1850 nurses decided to be recognized as a profession. To become a profession nurses had to be able to derive their knowledge base from science and learning. Nurses needed to express their ideas about the essence of their practice by developing a body of knowledge. Having a body of knowledge provided nursing with credibility from the medicine community. Credibility also provided nurses with trust from Medicine. In the early twentieth century femime values were low. Nurses wanted to define their practice. Nursing understood that their practice was unique and required research to support their theory. In Nurses attempt...
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...Dorothea Orem’s Theory: Self Care Deficit Critic Kouadio K. Koko BSN, RN University of Virginia School of Nursing Dorothea Orem’s Theory: Self Care Deficit Critic Abstract Dorothea Orem’s self-care theory of nursing is one of the major nursing theories. It pays particular attention to the role of the patient in their own rehabilitation, as it expounds the benefits of self-care. Orem’s theory is well documented and has been used by several researchers as a basis for their research. This particular theory of nursing is broad and can be applied to the primary, secondary and tertiary levels of prevention. Many nursing schools have used this theory as a benchmark or guide in their curriculum development. Introduction The following is a critical review of Dorothea Orem’s self-care theory of nursing; in which she advocates for a patient centered approach to nursing where the patient takes an active role in their own rehabilitation. This critical review takes a look at the purpose of the self-care theory, major concepts and definitions, its assumptions, its strengths and its weaknesses. The information provided in this report could be of benefit to a recently enrolled nursing student or any individual who wants to have a broader concept of one of the major nursing theories. Brief Summary of Theory Orem’s self-care theory of nursing basically surmises that the main purpose of the nurse is to facilitate the patient’s recovery; by helping the patients get to a point where they can...
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...Discussing the future of nursing theory can bring up a wide outlook of the direction of nursing. Everyone has different views and interests concerning nursing’s future. In this discussion, we will cover some of the opinions of what has driven nursing theory development, what will drive future development in nursing theory, and how might nursing practice change as a result of evolving nursing theory. According to "Nursing Theory" (2011), “The nursing profession has evolved greatly over time, moving from dependence upon total medical direction providing basic care into an independent practice modality with its own nursing theory practice, nursing models, and distinct nursing interventions” (Nursing Theory).The requirements of nursing education have grown greatly. Nurses used to only take care of basic ADL’s of patients. Today, many nurses have more knowledge than the physicians working with these nurses. It is only logical that nurses have their own set of theories and models that guide their nursing practice. Nursing theories increase the general knowledge within nursing through research implementation. Theories provide the basis for nursing practice, helps to generate future knowledge, and indicates in which direction nursing should develop. Nursing theories are an attempt by the nursing profession to continue within the professional boundaries of nursing (Nursing Theory, 2011). Nursing theory has also been driven by the advanced educations available to nurses. Advanced education...
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...Ernestine Wiedenbach Ernestine Wiedenbach was a pioneer in nursing theory and nursing philosophy. She was an author, nurse-midwife, and teacher. Clinically she specialized in nurse midwifery and it was at Yale teaching that her nursing theories were developed. Wiedenbach was recognized for her work in writing the first maternity nursing text book that focused on family-centered care. (Barger, Faucher, & Murphy, 2015). Her theories were influenced by Ida Orlando, Patricia James and William Dickoff who were all colleagues at Yale. Wiedenbach was passionate about nursing and she longed for further knowledge. Wiedenbach asked questions like what do nurses do and why they do it? (Wylie, 2010) It was from questions like this her theory was developed. Wiedenbach’s theory is based on identifying a patient’s need-for-help through nursing interaction. Wiedenbach (1963) defines her theory as follows, “Nursing is a helping art - a deliberate blending of thoughts, feelings, and overt actions. It is practiced in relation to an individual who is in need of help, is rooted in an explicit philosophy, and is directed towards fulfillment of a specific purpose” (p. 54). Wiedenbach believed there were four components to clinical nursing: philosophy, purpose, practice, and art. Wiedenbach felt that the each individual nurse is responsible for identifying their own philosophy based on their own values and life experience. Purpose is the goal the nurse hopes to achieve through the...
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...head: PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING Assignment #2 Philosophy of Nursing Nursing 324 Athabasca University Submitted to: Karen Polowick Submitted by:kelly gagnon Student #: Date: September 7, 2010 Good title page in APA format with running head and complete information Philosophy of Nursing For centuries the development of nursing knowledge has been influenced by numerous theorists and their respective theories. These theories have influenced, and continue to influence, nursing education, practice and research. (Johnson & Webber, 2005) Although theorists have been the essence of sense-making in nursing, I believe all of us as nurses can, and should, be actively involved in the sense-making process. It is reasonable to think that each of us chose nursing because of some key beliefs or values that we possessed. These values and beliefs ultimately guide us in formulating our own definition of nursing and what we believe to be its primary goal. Many of the beliefs and values that we embrace are notably evident throughout the many nursing theories presented in the literature. That does not mean that we as nurses today cannot think outside of the boundaries of these theories. As Johnson & Webber (2005) writes, ‘…you may discover that you have a unique view of nursing…then perhaps you are being called to contribute…to the profession.’ (Johnson & Webber, 2005, pg. x) This paper will focus on my own personal view of nursing and the associated queries...
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...Concept Comparison and Analysis across Theories Paper NUR 513 August 6, 2012 Comparison and Analysis Theories Paper The heart of nursing has always been caring. Since the start of professional nursing with Florence Nightingale, theorists have been writing about caring. This paper highlights three caring theories Madeleine Leininger, Jean Watson, and the combine theory of Patricia Benner and Judith Wrubel these theorists each has developed a theory of caring. This paper will examine each by comparing and contrasting on how each looks at caring. Leininger Madeline Leininger developed her first theories in the mid-1950s. Her main theory is transcultural nursing and caring theory. This theory was formed by an inadequate knowledge of cultural factors that represented a missing link to providing quality nursing care. Leininger believed that caring is universally present in all cultures (Nelson, 2006). Leininger’s definition of caring for nursing is “the central and unifying domain for the body of knowledge and practices in nursing’ It is critical to human growth, development and survival and has helped human beings through cultural evolution” (Cohen, 1991). Leininger’s transcultural theory of nursing her assumption human caring is a universal expression. However, patterns vary among different cultures. Caring has multiple dimensions of biophysical, psychological, cultural...
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...Concept Comparison and Analysis across Theories “Nursing theory is the term given to the body of knowledge applied to support nursing practice. Nursing theory is a framework designed to organize knowledge and explain phenomena in nursing, at a more concrete and specific level. A nursing theory is a set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions or propositions derived from nursing models or from other disciplines and project a purposive, systematic view of phenomena by designing specific interrelationships among concepts for the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and prescribing” (“Currentnursing.com”, 2010). Core concepts embody a theory creating the basis for the theory or model. In nursing, concepts help in the development of theories. Theorists have developed different models or theories but have common core concepts. Dorothea Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory “The central philosophy of the Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory is that patients want to care for themselves and can recover more quickly and holistically by performing their own self-care as much as they're able. The self-care requisites identified by Dorothea Orem fall into one of three categories” (“Currentnursing.com”, 2010): 1. Universal self-care requisites. a. Air b. Water c. Food d. Activity e. Rest f. Hazard prevention. 2. Developmental self-care requisites. a. Maturational: progresses the patient to a higher level of maturation. b. Situational:...
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