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Nutrition Annotated Bibliography

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Nutrition Annotated Bibliography
Briana Olsen & Katherine Newman
11 March 2016

Annotated Bibliography- Choline

Penry, J. T., & Manore, M. M. (2008). Choline: An Important Micronutrient for Maximal Endurance-Exercise Performance?. International Journal Of Sport Nutrition & Exercise Metabolism, 18(2), 191-203
This review article summarized multiple studies regarding choline and exercise. There have been mixed results on the effects of exercise on choline concentrations, but most individuals experience a decrease in choline concentrations after ultra-endurance and arduous exercise. When measuring the effects of supplementation of choline on performance, most studies increased choline concentrations about what is normally found in the body and …show more content…
The exercise test consisted of a load carriage test where the subjects walked on a treadmill at a 3% grade for four hours carrying a total load of 34.1 kilograms, then completed a run-to-exhaustion test and finally a strength and endurance test. Ratings of perceived exertion were also obtained from the subjects. The results showed that choline levels were 128% higher at the end of exercise compared to the beginning of exercise in the choline treated group. The placebo group showed no significant changes in choline concentrations. Between the choline and placebo group, there were no significant changes in aerobic work, heart rate, RPE, or run-to-exhaustion time. This concluded that long duration exercise without high intensity is not sufficient enough to trigger a decrease in choline …show more content…
The athletes were separated into two groups based on their body mass. The experimental group was given choline tablets twice a day for one week before competition while the control group was given a placebo. The results showed substantial differences between pre-competition and post-competition measurements of leptin and free plasma choline concentrations in the experimental group as well as a reduction in body mass. The conclusion of the study is that choline supplementation can rapidly reduce body mass, which can be helpful for athletes wanting to cut down their body mass a few days before competition to gain an advantage over lighter

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