...parks all across the globe and operate due to physics. Many men, women, boys and girls want to experience the thrill of zero gravity, upside down loops, twists and curls at extremely fast speeds. However, there is another portion of the population who does not want to go anywhere and would rather speculate from the ground. In either instance, the detailed study of physical science makes it all possible. Even though the physics of a roller coaster are intricate due to the composition of various forms of energy, accelerometers and gravitational forces; their makeup can be quite intriguing. The study of physics dates back several years and can be attributed to different individuals. Knowing the history of physics will help understand general concepts and how they can be applied to creating objects such as the roller coaster. The lessons initiated from the historical founders of physics are vitally important to apprehend the ideas of today and more importantly the direction for how they will shape tomorrow (Garcia et al., 2010). Copernicus, a prominent attributer, initially suggested that the planets revolve around the sun and the Earth rotates on an axis (Britannica Biographies, 2011). The idea will later assist Galileo, another prominent Physics historian, with theories such as free fall and experimentation with pendulums. Newton followed and was able to elaborate on the idea and further explain gravity and the concept of inertia. Einstein collaborated the theory of...
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...PHYSICS I 1. The steps for the scientific method are listed in chapter 1. List and explain each of the steps in the scientific method in the context of the following situation. You do not have to resolve the question; just explain the steps for resolving the question: It is well known that objects expand when heated. An iron plate will get slightly larger when put in a hot oven. Suppose an iron plate has a hole cut in the center. Will the hole get larger or smaller when the plate is heated and expansion occurs? Step 1. Recognize a question - The question being will the hole in the iron plate get larger or smaller when it is heated and expansion occurs? Step 2. Make an hypothesis, a possible solution to the question- Maybe perhaps it will get smaller/larger because... Step 3. Predict consequences of the hypothesis, possible outcomes - Either the hole will get larger, smaller, or stay the same size...less solution is the probably the most unlikely. Step 4. Perform actual tests to see what the solution is - Means measuring the hole beforehand then heating the iron plate till expansion occurs and see what the results are. Step 5. Conclusion - Form a final answer to the solution from the results of the tests you performed. 2a. Compare Aristotle's concept of inertia with the ideas of Galileo and Newton. In making your comparison, state the concept as each interpreted it (in your own words) and give the similarities and differences. Basically Aristotle's concept...
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...existing around the 4th century BC. Aristotle’s belief was that there is no effect or motion in the universe without a cause for it. He believed that heavy bodies moved downward toward the center of our universe, while light bodies moved toward the Moon. A heavy body would be something like the element of earth, not the Earth. While a light body would be something like the element of fire. Aristotle also believed that objects of different weights fall at different speeds. This gave the belief that heavier objects should fall at faster speeds than lighter objects. The next scientist to have a voice on the theory of gravity is the Italian scientist Galileo Galilei. Galileo showed that Aristotle’s assumption that the speed of falling bodies is determined by their weight is outright wrong. He said that two bodies released from a given height will reach the ground at different times not because of their different “earthly” or “fiery” characteristics but because they are affected by air friction. The argument that was used by Galileo was that a two pound rock should fall faster than a one pound rock, but if you take a two pound rock and split it in half and join these two halves with a...
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...Physics. PH2530 Exercise1.1 Gus Perez 1.-The turning radius of a car is 36 ft. What will be the distance in meters? We got 1ft = 0.3048 m. So we solve it like, Distance = 36 ft. x (0.3048 m. / 1 ft.) = 10.9728 m. is the answer. 2. What is the sum of 1370 cm, 1575 mm, and 8.63 m in meters? (Hint: Refer to section 1.9 in the textbook.). We convert everything to meters. We know that 1m = 100 cm and 1cm = 10 mm. so we got, 1370 cm = 13.7 m and 1575mm = 1.575 m, so we add up the 3 values; Distance = 13.7 + 1.575 + 8.63 = 23.905 m. 3. The cross-sectional area of a hole is 725 cm2. Given that the area of a circle is A = πr2, find the radius of the hole. (Hint: Use the problem-solving method described in section 2.3 of the textbook.). When solving for the radius r, we get; r=A√π We got A=725 and π=3.1416. So the answer is r = 15.19cm. 4. If 4y = (3) / (x² + 2), what will be the value x? For this problem, we solve for x from the equation. x² + 2 = 3 / 4y x² = (3/4y) - 2 and the value for x is the square root of (3/4y) - 2; x=√[(34y)-2] 5. Milwaukee is 121 mi (air miles) due west of Grand Rapids. Maria drives 255 mi in 4.75 h from Grand Rapids to Milwaukee around Lake Michigan. Find: Given d = 255 mi and t = 4.75 h. a. Her average driving speed. The average speed is v = d/t = 255mi / 4.75 h = 53.634 mi/h b. Her average travel velocity. Her average velocity is 53.634 mi/h from Grand Rapids to Milwaukee around Lake Michigan. 6. A rock is thrown down with an initial speed of 10.0 m/s...
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...University of Phoenix Material Basics of Astronomy Worksheet Complete the table based on the readings for this week: Ch. 1–4 of The Essential Cosmic Perspective. |Term or concept |Definition and explanation | |The Universe | | | | | |What is Earth’s Sun, and what is its role in the solar system? | | |What is the Milky Way galaxy and the sun’s position in it? | | |What is the Big Bang, and what does it say about the age of the | | |universe? | | |What is meant by the phase “looking out in the universe is looking | | |back in time?” | | |Location in the Universe ...
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...How does the equilibrium rule relate to Newton's first law of motion? Newtons first law states an object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by an outside for and an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Either way the object will not have an acceleration and since F=ma, and a=0 there must not be any forces acting on that object either with means the forces are in equilibrium. If an ice skater is moving forward at constant speed, the gravity force and normal force will equal each other in the y direction, and since the skater is moving at constant velocity there is no force in any other direction. On a smooth floor, why will girls wearing gym shoes win in a tug-of-ware with boys wearing socks? When the girls are wearing shoes, there will be greater friction between them and the floor. When the boys are wearing socks, there will be less tension between them and the floor making things smoother and causing them to fall. This describes Newton's third law of motion. If you stand on a pair of bathroom scales, explain how the readings change as you shift your weight gradually from side to side. What rule governs the readings on the scales? The equilibrium rule guides the scale readings. That is, the total of the readings adds to equal your weight. Then the net force on you is zero at all times. The scales push up as much as gravity pulls you down. Many people are confused about velocity and acceleration, thinking the...
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...Part one: The Lab 1.You will be helping Galileo perform the experiment to determine if objects with different mass fall at the same, or different, rates in the air and in a vacuum. Before you conduct your experiment, you need to form a hypothesis. A hypothesis is a prediction of what you think will happen in the experiment. The hypothesis is a statement that describes “if” a certain set of circumstances are present “then” there will be a specific result that will occur. Record your hypothesis here: If he drops the feather and the heavier ball/Small ball at the same time, then the ball with hit the ground first because the feather is stopped by the affects of the air. If In vacuum mood they both fall, then its because the air particals are gone. In vacuum maode perhaps the feather...
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...earth is 9.8ms -2. This acceleration is very important since we can use it to calculate gravity force, mass, and so on. In this lab, we use a free fall object to calculate its acceleration due to gravity to check if it is 9.8ms-2. We use the acceleration formula a=V2-V1t2-t1 to calculate the acceleration. Hypothesis: The acceleration due to gravity on the earth is 9.8ms -2. So in this lab, the acceleration in the result should also be 9.8ms-2 since the object experiences the free fall on the earth. Diagram: Free fall object diagram Free fall object diagram Motion detector Motion detector 1 meter 1 meter Point 2(V2 T2) Point 2(V2 T2) Point 1(V1 T1) Point 1(V1 T1) Free fall object Free fall object Method: In this lab, we used a motion detector to measure the velocities and times of the falling object. The range of the motion detector is one meter, so we have to drop the object from one meter above the ground. So to make the result more accurate, first we placed the motion detector on the top of the metal ring which is approximately one meter above the ground. After that we held the object under the motion detector. Then we started the motion detector and dropped the object at the same time. At last we observed the data in the computer provided by the motion detector. We chose two points which the falling object experienced from the data. The points were far from each other. Then we copied the velocity and time of each point separately and wrote them down...
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...1. Coin in Cup We take the piece of paper or whatever it was away from the cup, therefore the coin falls into the cup due to Newton’s 1st law of Inertia. The coin, which was at rest, and once acted upon by pulling the paper away made the coin fall into the cup proving that the coin was acted on by some force making it fall. 2. Flying pucks When the picks are stable and are sitting on the table the are at rest, however once the puck is slung in to the lowest puck the inertia of the puck transferred into the puck that was stable propelling it forward. This proves Newton’s 1st law because the puck at rest remains at rest until hit by the other object(force). 3. Mutual Abuse When Ace hit John, obviously hurting ace’s hand (even though john is fairly skinny), his hand was stopped, the same amount of force that he applied to johns arm was also the same amount of force applied to his fist. Proving Newton’s 3rd law that for when ace hit john an equal opposite reaction occurred into ace’s fist. 4. Human dyamics When we pulled Spencer forward on the cart with a small pull, he went slower and had a lower acceleration. When pulled faster(more force) the acceleration went up, proving Newton’s 2nd law that force and acceleration are directly proportional so the harder ace pulled the fast spencer went. 5. Spring Carts One cart had a spring and the other did not. When the spring cart hit the other cart without one, pushed both carts back at a same rate. Each...
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...A Protagonist of the Scientific Revolution: Galileo Galilei was one of the protagonists of the scientific revolution, best known for his astronomical discoveries by means of a telescope (including sunspots, Jupiter’s satellites, and the phases of Venus), for his defense of heliocentrism, and for his study of the natural laws regarding falling bodies. Galileo, however, gave key contributions also to the development of the modern scientific methodology; for this reason, he holds a special place in the philosophy of science and epistemology. Life: Galileo was born in or nearby Pisa from Vincenzo Galilei and Giulia Ammannati. His father was a well known lutenist and music theorist, and the young Galileo was well versed in the art as well (Galileo’s youngest sibling, Michelangelo, became indeed an accomplished lutenist). During his youth, Galileo moved through different locations in Tuscany, among which the monastery of Vallombrosa, run by Camaldolese monks. The story goes that until 1581 Galileo had not studied mathematics. After considering priesthood and enrolling into a program for physician at the University of Pisa, Galileo suddenly realized his mathematical vocation upon attending a geometry lecture. Immediately, he started discovering ingenious facts and creating crafts such as thermoscope. As early as 1589, Galileo held a chair in mathematics at the University of Pisa, which position he kept until 1592, when he moved to Padua. There, he remained until 1610. ...
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...these concepts could improve a player’s game. Physics explains and elucidates the basic fundamentals of volleyball and why one should perform them in such a way. Displacement is one of the basic concepts of Volleyball that need be understood for the reason that it is needed to understand later concepts. There are six players on the court and each one has a designated position. For example there are; left-side hitters, middle hitters, right-side hitters, and the same pattern follows for the defensive players. However, because there is a set rotation, a player will not always begin in their set position and they have to move to that place. This is called displacement. Displacement is defined as the change in position of an object ad can be either positive or negative depending on the starting point and the direction. The equation to represent displacement is d=d2-d1.D is the total movement between positions. The first floor position would be d1 and the second would be d2. Beyond the fact that players have frequent displacement, the ball itself has displacement. In fact this happens constantly as it moves from one player to another and from one side of the net to the other. Now that the ideas of displacement are understood velocity and acceleration can be found. Average velocity and average acceleration are complimentary of each other and are both important to the concept of volleyball. Velocity is defined as displacement in a given time. Once...
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...University of Phoenix Material Basics of Astronomy Outline Amanda Taddei 8-27-2012 Complete the outline based on the readings for this week: Ch. 1–4 of The Cosmic Perspective. Use complete sentences for all sub points listed. The following is an example of a completed outline: 1. Our place in the universe a. The modern view of the universe 1) What is our Sun and what is its role in the solar system? a) Our sun is a hot ball of glowing gases that is at the heart of our solar system. b) Our suns role is to give out energy and heat. This energy and heat allows for there to be life on earth. However, even though our sun is unique and life giving there are billions of stars that are just like it in the Milky Way galaxy. (Solar System Exploration, 2012) 2) What is our Milky Way galaxy and the sun’s position in it? a) The Milky Way galaxy is a spiral galaxy that has arms that extend out from the center like a pinwheel. Our galaxy is one of about 100 billion visible universes. (Solar System Exploration, 2012) b) The sun’s posistion in the galaxy is in the Orions arm of the Mily Way. However, because of how our planets are set up in our system there is life on Earth. The Sun has an almost circular orbit. The sun is just the right distance from the center of our galaxy to promote life. The planets and our sun are just the right distance apart for one of our planets, Earth, to have higher intelegance life on it. 3) What is the Big Bang and what does...
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...either of these areas is neglected or not handled appropriately the entire research process is wasted. The purpose this paper is to critique a survey I created and issued to 10 random individuals. Included in the critique of this survey is a discussion of the reliability and validity of the survey and the results collected. Survey and Content The survey under review is a short eight questions developed to understand general health of individuals through diet and exercise. The survey was completed using two forms of questions. The first type question falls under the definition of a rating scale. “Rating scale is used when participants score an object or indicant without making a direct comparison to another object or attitude” (Cooper, Schindler, 2011, Ch. 12). Under these guidelines individuals were asked to answer questions pertaining to how often they exercise, how often they eat each day, and how often they eat fast food. These questions are created so there can be no comparisons made, but rather a numerical value selection. The second sets of questions are a version of ranking scale inquiries. “Ranking scales constrain the study participant to making comparisons and determining order among two or more properties” (Cooper, Schindler, 2011, Ch. 12). This set of questions asks the individuals to evaluate their personal health, exercise, and eating habits, and answer with a yes or no. The comparisons in these questions are made from basic public knowledge and understanding...
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...average driving speed = 47.37 mph b. Her average travel velocity = 76.21 kh/h 6. A rock is thrown down with an initial speed of 10.0 m/s from a bridge in the water. It takes 2.75 s for the rock to hit the water. a. Find the speed of the rock as it hits the water = 36.99 m/s b. How high is the bridge above the water? = 101.7 meters or 333.7 ft 7. What are the characteristics of an object in a state of free fall with respect to its speed and acceleration? Objects in freefall accelerate at 32.2 ft/s squared or at a constant acceleration. 8. An archer needs to hit a bull’s eye on a target at eye level of 60.0 ft away. If the archer fires the arrow from the eye level with a speed of 47.0 ft/s at an angle of 25.0 degrees above the horizontal, will the arrow hit the target? No 9. What is inertia? Discuss which object among the following sets has more inertia and why: a. A more massive object or a less massive object = the more massive object has the most inertia, as is mass affect the resistance it has to changing its motion. b. A fast-moving object or a slow-moving object = slow moving objects has the most inertia as it will slow to a stop faster than the faster. 10. A scooter and a rider together have a mass of 275 kg. If the scooter slows with an acceleration of - 4.50 m/s2. a. What is the net...
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...Chapter 3 Falling Objects and Projectile Motion Gravity influences motion in a particular way. How does a dropped object behave? !Does the object accelerate, or is the speed constant? !Do two objects behave differently if they have: !different masses? !different shapes? Acceleration Due to Gravity " Earth exerts a gravitational force on objects that is attractive (towards Earth’s surface). " Near Earth’s surface, this force produces a constant acceleration downward. # # # To measure this acceleration, we need to slow down the action. Galileo was the first to accurately measure this acceleration due to gravity. By rolling objects down an inclined plane, he slowed the motion enough to establish that the gravitational acceleration is uniform, or constant with time. Inclined Plane Experiment !Does the marble pick up speed as it rolls? !Is it moving faster at the bottom of the incline than it was halfway down? " Flashes of a stroboscope illuminate a falling ball at equal time intervals. " Distance covered in successive time intervals increases regularly. " Since distance covered in equal time intervals is increasing, the velocity must be increasing. " Average velocity for a time interval is given by dividing the distance traveled in that time interval by the time of the interval. " For example, between the 2nd and 3rd flashes, the ball travels a distance of 4.8 cm - 1.2 cm = 3.6 cm in a time of 0.05 s: ...
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