...Time Sampling Introduction: Observation is the key to understanding young children and their development. Teachers learn about a child’s physical, social, emotional, cognitive and language domains as they watch children in multiple learning experiences. Through your observations you will learn to identify appropriate observation techniques (competency # 4). Observation also allows you to meet the CPCC core competencies of communication, critical thinking and information technology and quantitative literacy. Outcome Assessment Standards: NAEYC Standards Standard 1: Promoting Child Development Standard 3: Observing, Documenting and Assessing to Support Young Children & Families. Support Skill 3: Written & Verbal Skills CPCC Core Competencies Communication, Critical Thinking, Information Technology & Quantitative Literacy Description of Specific Assignment Requirements Adapted from Observing Development of Young Children (Beaty, 1990)) In the time sampling method, the observer records the frequency of a behavior’s occurrence over time. The behavior must be overt and frequent (at least once every fifteen minutes) to be a candidate for sampling. For example, talking, hitting, and crying are such behaviors, because they can be clearly seen and counted. Time sampling thus involves observing specified behavior of an individual and recording the presence or absence of this behavior during short time intervals...
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...is from ages eleven to eighteen. Next is the emerging adulthood which is eighteen to twenty five years old. With age periods there is also three domains in which development is divided. First is physical which includes change in health, functioning of the body system, perceptual and motor capacities, body size proportion and appearance. Next is cognitive which describes changes in intellectual abilities. Last is emotional and social, which are changes in emotional communication, interpersonal skills and relationship, moral reasoning and behavior, self-understanding, and knowledge about others. 3. Explain the role of theories in understanding child development, describe the three basic issues on which major theories take a stand, and explain the concepts of plasticity and stability in development. Theories play an important role when it comes to understanding child development. Theories help describe behaviors, explain behavior, and...
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...The simplest form of direct observation is a brief narrative account of a specific incident called an anecdotal record. Often an anecdotal record is used to develop an understanding of a child’s behavior. Anecdotal records do not require charts or special settings. They can be recorded in any setting and require no special training. All you need is paper and a writing tool to record what happened in a factual, objective manner. The observation is open-ended, continuing until everything is witnessed. It is like a short story in that it has a beginning, middle, and end. The process of recording the incident requires a careful eye and quick pencil to capture all of the details. You will need to note who was involved, what happened, when it happened, and where it occurred. It needs to be done promptly and accurately. Figure 3-5 shows the contents of an anecdotal record. When you use the narrative form of observation, your eyes and ears act like a video camera. You will be recording pictures of children playing, learning, and interacting. During your observations, you will record how children communicate, both verbally and nonverbally. You will record how they look and what they do. Physical gestures and movements should be noted. You will also detail children’s interactions with people and materials. Record as many details as possible. Anecdotal Records Must Be Objective During the observation process, it is important to...
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...Observation The student is considered a novice as an observer of children. The student observes children to gain practice and understanding in child development. Students have an obligation to protect children and respect school personnel. Observers are usually visitors in the classroom. The observer must keep in mind that they are a disruption to the regular processes in the classroom and they should respect the classroom teacher’s direction. The protection of the child’s rights in any type of child study is important. Regardless of the procedure used to collect information, the child’s protection is paramount. The child must not come to any harm (physical or mental) through participation in the observation process. Confidentiality must be utilized at all times. Talking about children and families with others outside of class or with the classroom teacher is prohibited. Please use fictitious names in written reports. Any concerns about a child’s safety should be addressed immediately with the classroom teacher or other responsible party. Observation tells us about children’s behavior – what they are doing. If we want to understand children’s development in school settings then we should observe them in those settings. Observation that takes place in a natural environment is referred to as naturalistic observation. Qualities of a Good Observer: · Recognize personal bias and preconceived assumptions about children. · Stay focus for a long period...
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...Child Development Observation Ashlene Pillay 3212715 Athabasca University PSYC 228 Introduction to Human Development March 8, 2016 Introduction Naturalistic observation is a “measurement strategy that involves directly watching and coding behaviors.” (26) Naturalistic study is a general research strategy used by developmental scientists, “typically during childhood but also with impaired adults.”(27) Naturalistic studies are conducted in order to watch the behaviors of people, as they exist their natural environment, with no attempts at intervention from the investigator. There are no attempts of intervention so that the situation is not manipulated or controlled by the investigator, and so the situation is not initiated or created by the investigator. Naturalistic observations are useful as they allow the observation of behavior exactly as it occurs in the real world. Naturalistic studies are also useful as they can help to establish the external validity of the research findings. If behavior is seen to be present in real life, it’s easier to say that the results from the study extend to the general population and that the conclusions drawn from the sampling of behavior also describe people outside of the sample. It can also be useful for researchers to study situations and variables that cannot be manipulated in a lab due to ethical concerns. For example, while it would be unethical to study the effects of a school shooting by actually causing the event to occur...
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...Aggressive Behavior and the Effect it has on Peer Relations in Toddlers and Preschoolers Satveka Ilango PSYCH 10 8/18/15 Aggressive Behavior and the Effect it has on Peer Relations in Toddlers and Preschoolers Stereotypically, boys are perceived to be more aggressive and harder to talk to than girls and girls are perceived to be more gentle and easier to get along with. Some individuals are more aggressive as children and then grow out of that phase, whereas, other children become aggressive over time and are that way as adults. Today, we will explore the idea of how aggressive behaviors differ between different age groups and how these behaviors affect the relationships that children have with their peers. This is an important topic to because many people don’t realize that aggressive behaviors are a normal part of child development and that they don’t always lead to bad social skills and relationships. A study was done by Deynoot-Schaub and Riksen-Walraven (2006) that consisted of the observation of seventy 15-month-olds in their day care centers in order to try to explain the relationship between how they communicated with each other and their temperaments, along with other correlations. Seventy children were randomly chosen from different child care centers that agreed to participate in the study in the Netherlands and they were assessed for peer-peer interactions and peer-caregiver interactions by visitations to the child care centers made by the researchers and...
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...recording child observations is "narrative recording," or a written description of children's actions. 1. Running records (or Descriptive Narrative Record) A detailed narrative account of behavior recorded in a sequential manner as it happens; Not limited to a particular incident like an anecdotal record; The observer records everything seen. Advantages 1. Rich in detail; 2. Focuses on all behaviors, not just one particular behavior; 3. Does not require a great deal of training; 4. Understand not only what behaviors occurred but also the context in which the behavior occurred. Disadvantages Time consuming; Works well for observing one individual, but is difficult to use when observing a group; Observers keep themselves apart from the children which would be difficult for a teacher to do Samples Written samples of certain behaviors to discover how often, how long, or when a particular behavior occurs. Time sampling: The observer records the frequency of a behavior's occurrence over time Involves observing specified behaviors of an individual or group, and recording the presence or absence of this behavior during short intervals of uniform length Behavior is specified, defined, and limited Provides quantitative data or number of events Advantages Takes less time than running record and anecdotal records; Can record data on many children at once; It provides useful information about the intervals or frequency of behavior; Counts of behavior can be used...
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...Application Week 2- Daniel Johnson Walden University Children develop quickly at a young age. Young children under the age of six are capable of making thoughtful decisions about their behavior and environment (Epstein, 2003). They may even try to explain their behavior to others. In the case of Josh, a three year old boy that I will use for my observation and assessment project, social skills are still in the process of being developed and he hasn't begun to really start speaking at this point. After interviewing Josh's parents I was told that Josh says very few words and doesn't speak at all in sentences. He does, however, include himself socially with other children and plays easily with them. He understands English and Spanish. His parents are Spanish and only speak their native language in the home. Josh has an older brother, age 9, that speaks English well. This observation will be focused on Josh's social skills. As a three year old the parents are concerned that Josh is not developing at the same rate as his peers socially due to his lack of speaking. I explained to the parents that children develop in many different ways and in many different areas. In regards to the Observation Project, the specific area of development and learning that will be assessed is social development. Examples of behaviors I will be looking for include choices made during social time, inclusion with other peers, and linguistic opportunities. Children who are given more opportunities to plan and reflect...
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...GUIDANCE SERVICES The systematic and organized procedures, tools and facilities to assist an individual in securing knowledge and skills needed in making plans and services, and in interpreting life. These services provide comprehensive information about opportunities, personality development, effective studying and learning. Purposes: * Help students recognize, accept and develop their potential, adjust to the school, and develop the skills needed to cope with the problems they meet. * Help young people come to know and accept themselves, their aptitudes and interests. * Teach pupils/students learn to use their interests and capabilities. * Teach pupils/students develop the skills to cope with the problems they meet both inside and outside the school. Scope 1. Services rendered to an individual and his needs; inventory of each pupil, information regarding opportunities, counseling for all pupils, follow-up on studies, placement, and assisting teachers in case studies. 2. Services to staff members in providing for leadership, in securing cooperation of the staff members, in assisting teachers in utilizing information, in organizing and conducting in-service training. 3. Services pertaining to evaluation of services; follow-up making results available, surveys, securing cooperation of parents and community, and conducting research to further improve guidance services. . Characteristics of a Good Guidance Service 1. Identifiable aids to...
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...Early Childhood Observation Lilly is a 4-year-old girl. She has dark brown hair, a darker complexion, and green eyes. The observation took place at a preschool in Neenah. The classroom was a four and five year old classroom with one lead teacher and other adult helpers. Observation: Lilly plays in the kitchen; she opens all of the cupboards and piles the plastic plates on the kitchen table. She then aligns cups in a row (according to their size) and later hands out the cups to the other children without asking them if they want the cups. Lilly receives praise from her teacher for sharing with others. The ability to place objects in a certain order begins to develop in children from the age of four or five. This skill is perceived as a difficult conceptual achievement that requires the development and comprehension of spatial relations. Lilly has illustrated through the arrangement of cups that she understands the basic concepts of size and how to place them in a descending order. Lilly’s choice of kitchen as a place to play may be due to the gender-role stereotypes that she has been exposed to from an early age. Children learn about gender stereotypical behavior through diverse media and observation; this leads to the development of a certain gender-role behavioral model, which the child internalizes and exhibits later in life. Therefore, Lilly may have internalized the stereotypical female role that she had observed in her environment. Therefore, she attempts to model the...
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...Observation Analysis Andrew Sanders University of Phoenix MTE/506 – Child and Adolescent Development Cynthia Lowe March 17, 2014 Word count: 2,925 Observation Analysis Teacher observation has been received as a reasonable source of information for recording and reporting student demonstrations of learning outcomes in childhood education. During my observation analysis, I examined a nontraditional setting, YMCA, where children and teenagers gather. This paper will address the location of the observation, social gathering for the observation, description of the setting, and activities observed. Additionally, this paper shall evaluate the application of educational theory; describe the application of information processing to student learning; evaluate the instructor’s behaviors that promote student’s thinking abilities; analyze the implications of language development; and describe the relationship of social and emotional development to student learning and behavior. Location of the observation Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) is located in Millington, Tennessee. YMCA is a world-wide Christian voluntary movement for men and women with distinctive importance on and genuine involvement of young people that seeks to share the Christian ideal of building a human community of justice with love, peace and resolution for the fullness of life for all creation (YMCA, n.d.). Today the YMCA is more aimed on inspiring youths and their...
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...Procedural Pain Management for the Early Childhood Patient: A Multidisciplinary Concept Analysis of Pain BLK, RN, BSN The University of Texas at Arlington College of Nursing In partial fulfillment of the requirements of N5327 Analysis of Theories in Nursing Xxxx, xx October 8, 2013 Procedural Pain Management for the Early Childhood Patient Children presenting to the emergency department are often subjected to painful and anxiety-producing procedures, both for diagnostic purposes and for treatment of symptoms. Historically, pediatric patients have not been afforded the same level of care as adults with regard to the management of procedural pain. Pain in the young child age group (1-7 years) has often been under-treated, resulting in increased fear of the healthcare setting and postponement of necessary immunizations and procedures by the patients and parents. Close examination of the concept of pain – specifically, procedural pain in the young child age group in the emergency department (ED) setting, is necessary for understanding how nursing practice may be improved in order to produce a more positive patient experience. A thoughtful review of current literature will provide insight into the concept of pediatric pain, permitting a detailed analysis. This analysis will assist in the formulation of theoretical and operational definitions of the concept for use in further study. Review of Literature A review of literature was conducted to compare and contrast...
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...Kalamazoo College in June 2003. She was a senior Sociology/Anthropology major and Psychology minor when she wrote this Observation Report in Spring of 2003]. Observation Report Amber Hodges Introduction Siefert et. al describe children’s play as intrinsically motivated, process oriented, creative and nonliteral, governed by implicit rules, spontaneous and self-initiated, and free from major emotional distress(1997 p. 221-222). For example, the rules of a made-up game that children play cannot be discerned from a rulebook that stands independently of the activity; rather, one can discern rules by either observing or being actively involved in the play process. For children, play is the arena where they ultimately control what is going on, through communication and negotiation with each other, and as such, it is an arena where they are able to gain mastery over problems in their life, learn adult skills and roles, and further develop cognitive abilities (Siefert 1997). But, often times, children do not have complete hold over their environments. They can’t shape what and how they play through their own design. Wardle introduces the concept of an environmental press, “the forces at work in a setting which shape the behavior of people in that setting” (1999 p. 245). One principle of the environmental press is that of progressive conformity, where people’s behavior tends to become congruent with the press of the environment. Accordingly, the environment that a child plays in shapes...
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...How to Write a Child's Observation Report By Lynn Rademacher, eHow Contributor * * * Share * * Print this article Observing children at play helps educators to structure the classroom. Child observation reports are created for a variety of reasons. College students who are childhood development majors will complete several observations as part of their coursework. Therapists use observation reports to determine the appropriate type of treatment for children with special needs. Child observation reports must contain specific information about the child in a clear and concise manner to be useful to those who are reviewing the report. Other People Are Reading * How to Give Details About Children in Observations * How to Write an Observation Report Instructions 1. * 1 Record the actions of the child during the observation time. Avoid observing the child during quiet time or nap times. * 2 Collect background information on the child from thechild's caregivers. This information is important to understanding the behaviors that will be observed in the child. * Sponsored Links * Free Plagiarism Checker Trusted by over 3 million students, faculty, & professionals worldwide. www.grammarly.com/Plagiarism_Check * 3 Document the physical characteristics of the child. For example, if the child has a physical disability this should be noted in the report along with how the child overcomes the disability...
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...listening. A child who is developing will deteriorate his selective listening when exposed to an environment with unpredictable noises (Singleton & Shulman, 2014). The suggestion I would make to optimize the child’s ability to listen to speech for him to understand are using listening games and fun activities to promote the listening. Fun activities will help especially in dealing with selective listening where children hear what they want to hear talking to the child all the time will help improve their listening skills here a parent or guardian develops a habit of narrating chores done around the house to the child. Furthermore, when reading stories to the child, one can always stop and ask them what they think will happen and listening to stories together. Some of the games that would help improve a child listening skills to speech include asking the child to name the noise here the child closes the eyes and guesses the sound. Another game is I spy which involves giving clues, then we have a monkey see, monkey hears and monkey do. Naturalistic observation is a...
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