Supervision children need to be supervised at all times, even more so when they are very young. This because they are still vulnerable to, and do not fully understand some dangers such as electrical appliances, knives or blades (usually found in the kitchen). Because of this, the child may hurt themselves, for example touching electrical plugs, or cutting themselves with a knife.
A child may also be vulnerable to other dangers such as bacteria, and other germs, which a child can come into contact with anywhere when not supervised.
Toddlers are usually more likely to hurt themselves as they move around and explore a lot more than newborn babies. Older children are also less likely to hurt themselves as they usually have more common sense and understanding of the dangers around them.
Because of this, toddlers need to be supervised very carefully, and you need to make sure that they explore dangerous things, as they like to put objects in their mouth and sometimes ingest objects, or simply play with objects which can cause harm.
Babies still need supervision, as they are helpless and cannot tell you if they feel unwell ect.
Older children are also very adventurous, they may need less supervision, but they do still need to be supervised as they can also harm themselves by accident.
Adult to child ratio this is important for nursery’s/schools to follow as this prevents children from being hurt.
Children under 2 years – 1 adult to 3 children children between 2 years and three years – 1 adult to 4 children children between 3 years to 8 years - 1 adult to 8 children.

Safety precautions.
Safety is very important, and is a main priority at little stars. We fill out forms to check the nursery is up to standard three times a day, and any faults are reported. We also keep rules in place, to ensure safety. For example, no more than three children in the kitchen at one time, as It difficult for the children to be supervised carefully in a crowded room, with dangers everywhere. This important for the safety of the child and the adult as the child may harm themselves and the adult by accident, like if a child is holding a kitchen knife, they might harm themselves or the adult, or if they are playing with electrical equipment the electric current can travel anywhere.
Other rules in place, are rules like fridge contamination rules, this is also a very important rule to follow as if raw meat is placed near food that will not be cooked properly before eating, it can contaminate the food, and can cause serious food poisoning such as salmonella.

RIDDOR this means 'reporting of injuries, diseases, and dangerous occurrences regulations 1995' this rule applies to staff and it means that staff have to report any type of injuries, diseases, or dangerous occurrences during nursery time in an incident and report book.
The information is recorded in a book, and monitored carefully.
The staff will also follow a written procedure which they are required to follow when any indecent is taken place.
Trained first-aiders will be on hand always, so that they can treat your child’s injuries or diseases.
If an injury is serious or suspicious, the nursery contacts www.rador.gov.uk, which will inform the nursery if the incident is serious, and therefore if it needs to be reported to OFSTED, social services ect. This will then be done as soon as possible.
Health and safety at work this is a rule in place insuring safety in the nursery after an incident, and putting a warning in place to prevent any accidents happening.
For example, if someone spilt water on the floor, a wet floor sign would be placed after cleaning the water up, because the substance may not be completely dry. This prevents a child or adult from slipping on that area and hurting themselves.

COSHH this means control of substances, like substances that are hazardous to health.
The regulations require an assessment of risk to be undertaken staff will know straight away where to put harmful substances such as cleaning substances.

Food hygiene food needs to be prepared and cooked carefully, as if not, the food can damage peoples bodies and make them ill. These are regulations that require any company providing food, such as nursery, to follow.
The management requires identity how and when food can go wrong, and how to insure prevention of this.
The four c's cleanness: hands, surfaces, and equipment (anything that food comes into contact with must be clean) as items may carry germs and spread illnesses. cooking: the right temperature and time, as undercooked food such as meat may contain bad substances such as salmonella, and may taste horrible also, overcooked food will also taste horrible.
Chilling: some foods need to be kept cold, such as milk, or cooked food that needs to be preserved. It is important to do this as food may otherwise spread bacteria and/or may go off. (fridge/freezer needs to be working and at the right temperature) cross contamination: food such as raw meat should be kept separate from cooked foods and other uncontaminated foods such as milk, as it can spread the contamination.