...ADHD is over Diagnosed A simple way to describe Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is that it is a brain based condition where there is an imbalance of the brains chemicals dopamine and noradrenaline, these chemicals being responsible for self-control and slowing down of impulses. Because of the slight imbalance of these important chemicals, people with ADHD will experience impulsive, hyperactive behavior as well as inattentiveness with short term memory and in some cases, learning difficulties. Although doctors and scientists have more information about the causes and treatment of ADHD today, there is an interesting history around this disorder which had many different theories and beliefs. Discovered over one hundred years ago, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is not a recent medical discovery. It was first described in about 1902 by George Still, an English pediatrician, who had observed a group of patients and recognized them as being inattentive, over active and suffering from a "lack of moral control". After George Still's discovery, many controversies followed. It was believed that ADHD was a result of brain damage, but when doctors realized that most children with ADHD had no brain damage, that idea was discarded. ADHD was then called Hyperactive Child Syndrome, where all the focus was on hyperactivity. In addition to this, Dr Ben Feingold researched a link between ones diet and hyperactivity, but this controversy was soon proven to not have much effect...
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...Running head: ADHD AFFECTS IN CHILDREN ADHD Affects In Children Name Sociology 1010 December 3, 2013 Abstract Overall the following information you will read will show ADHD affects in children today. Statistics will indicate just how many lives are affected by this condition as well as studies to help this condition. The facts are simple, however, like many diseases the reasons behind Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is still unknown. Scientists are researching to determine causes and the best treatment for individuals. Diagnosing ADHD is usually determined as children but the condition lives on throughout adulthood. Based on information I have gathered from others and I it is more common than not for children to develop ADHD. Medications and therapy can assist in helping this condition. The following paper will give you more incite on this condition and how this affects children today. ADHD Affects In Children When hearing the letters ADHD what comes to mind? Many may not know or even understand the severity of children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Today Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurobehavioral disorders of childhood in the United States. ADHD affects between four to five percent of children today. According The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; 2013), ADHD affects 3.5 million people...
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...generalization of the learned skills outside the treatment setting. Parental stress is increased in parents of children with ADHD and under this stress parents can become more reactive to their child, controlling, as well as rejecting. Mindful parenting is a form of mindfulness training and is defined as “paying attention to your child and your parenting in a particular way: intentionally, here and now, and non-judgmentally. In Mindful Parenting, parents learn to pay attention to their children non-judgmentally, strengthen awareness of the present moment with their child, and reduce automatic negative reactions to their child. Also doing daily meditation practices, parents learn to take care of themselves and bring calm to their family. The...
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...‘how children with Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are included within a mainstream classroom and how greater efforts can be taken to ensure inclusivity for them’. Within our school setting there seem to be more pupils with ADHD (some diagnosed, some undiagnosed but will display some of the behaviours/traits of pupils diagnosed with ADHD). Pupils with ADHD do have some barriers to learning. Some of these pupils are quite able academically and, therefore, may not have been identified as requiring special educational need (SEN) support if it weren’t for the perceived negative behaviours frequently displayed. These behaviours could include: trouble sustaining attention in tasks, trouble organising tasks and activities, refusal to comply with adult instructions, fidgeting with hands or feet or squirming in seat, disruption to the lesson by talking excessively, easily frustrated and having trouble waiting for his or her turn, distress at seemingly minor issues, disturbing other children, leaving the classroom etc. A range of strategies can be used to help these pupils settle in a main stream classroom and raise their achievement. It would be interesting to find out if it is an issue of Sensory sensitivity that is largely a factor in inhibiting the learning of these pupils. Baranek (2002) and Barkley (1998) report that pupils with ADD, ODD and ADHD often have Sensory Processing concerns and also Motor planning deficits. Many people who work with children are unable...
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...Social Skills Children that are diagnose with ADHD typically exhibit social skills deficits, in addition to peer relationship problems. The deficiency in social skills causes, inattention and poor impulse control. Furthermore, there two main symptoms appear to produce both social performance deficits (e.g., inattention or poor listening to another child) and performance excesses (e.g., intrusiveness or often interrupting) that interfere with the normal social processes involved in stable peer relations. Researchers has declare that there are three problematic areas of functioning. The three areas are high rate disruptive and aggressive behavior; communication problems; and social-information processing performance problems. These problems...
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...certain areas of the prefrontal cortex or cerebellum often results in a reduction of activity in parts of the other area (i.e., damage to the prefrontal cortex results in activity reduction in the cerebellum and vice versa,) suggesting that these two regions are dependent on each other for normal functioning. Third, children who are diagnosed with cognitive disorders (e.g., ADHD and dyslexia,) often experience motor impairments; furthermore, children with motor impairments frequently exhibit learning difficulties. Lastly, Diamond suggested...
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...Inattentive ADHD Name Institutional Affiliation Inattentive ADHD Inattentive ADHD is a condition of intense deficit in sustaining attention. Researchers have shown that stimulant medications are important in treating this disorder. However, such medication is not fit for all based on four reasons. First, a fifth of all children ailing from this condition do not gain significant benefits through medication. Secondly, some children suffer from the side effects of such medicinal intervention. Thirdly, primary symptoms persist even after using medicines. Fourth, some children suffering from ADHD are effectively helped by behavior therapy when symptoms are minor. This paper is a proposed action plan of treating John who suffers from inattentive ADHD through a functional behavioral assessment (FBA). a) Operational definition of behavior This is the first stage of the FBA. Prior to selecting effective data collection methods to perform the FBA, the paraprofessional should define the behavioral problem. This definition should take into account the measurable, observable, and objective terms. The behavioral problems identified should be clear. Otherwise, it increases the difficulties involved in measuring the behavior with accuracy. Moreover, it complicates the identification of the function of the behavior and the formulation of an effective intervention method. After a collection of concrete information, regarding he behavioral problem, then the teacher or paraprofessional can...
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...Overexposure and ADHD: Is there a connection? It is an urban myth that an overexposure to watching television may cause people to develop Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). My purpose is to study this theory to discover if it is accurate. I am also interested in discovering how ADHD plays a role in education. Before I can begin I have to start by researching what ADHD is. ADHD is a disorder among people that is associated with three main symptoms which are poor sustained attention, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity. Along with these three main topics, three subtypes have also been identified in the forms of being predominately inattentive, predominately hyperactive-impulsive, and combined types (Barkley). Where does ADHD occur? Out of the childhood population 4-12% have ADHD (Clayton). Along with that percentage boys can be found outweighing girls in a ratio of 3:1. ADHD can continue on into a person’s adolescence stage in 50-80% of clinically diagnosed case and into adulthood in 30-50% of these same cases (Barkley). How can someone determine if their child or children have ADHD? ADHD is most likely evaluated through diagnostic interviews with the child, their parents, and the child’s tearcher(s). Other evaluations are behavior rating scales completed by the parents and the teacher(s), direct observations of the students’ school behavior, and clinic based testing (Anastopoulos). There are many different methods as to how ADHD is treated. Some...
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...Three major types of ADHD include the following: * ADHD, combined type This, the most common type of ADHD, is characterized by impulsive and hyperactive behaviors as well as inattention and distractibility. * ADHD, impulsive/hyperactive type This, the least common type of ADHD, is characterized by impulsive and hyperactive behaviors without inattention and distractibility. * ADHD, inattentive and distractible type This type of ADHD is characterized predominately by inattention and distractibility without hyperactivity. The possible causes (you must include information regarding each possible cause: biology, genetics and environment) * Multiple factors have been implicated in the development of ADHD. It can run in families, and studies indicate that genes may play a role. Certain environmental factors also may increase risk, as can problems with the central nervous system at key moments in development. Brain chemistry ADHD is thought to be caused by an imbalance of two chemical messengers, or neurotransmitters, in the brain. Researchers think that these chemicals might play an important role in ADHD. * Genetics Research suggests that ADHD tends to run in families. However, this does not mean that all children in a family will have the disorder. * Environment Certain external factors, such as smoking during pregnancy or complications during pregnancy, delivery, or infancy, may contribute to ADHD. The importance of a medical diagnosis and...
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...PAPER ON ADHD Abstract Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral development disorder among children. In the United States there are at least 2 million grade school children that are diagnosed with the disorder (Dupper, 2003). ADHD is determined to be one of the most common development disorders in children (Barlow & Durand, 2009). This paper will discuss the different aspects of ADHD, its symptoms, common traits, and the known treatments being used by clinicians. Moreover, the paper will also touch on the important things to consider when dealing with ADHD, particularly in the area of social work. By doing so, it will determine why social work should be an integral part of the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD. ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVE DISORDER (ADHD) Dr. George Still was the first to diagnose ADHD in 1902 (Rafalovich, 2001). He detected the disorder in 20 children who all had impaired concentration and over-activity. However it was only after the encephalitis outbreak in the United States from 1917- 1918 that serious study of the disorder took place (Rafalovich, 2001). Clinically called encephalitis luthargica was identified as a specific disease category of children demonstrating unconventional behavior (Rafalovich, 2001). The study of encephalitis luthargica paved the way for research modality in psychiatry that became the neurological basis for childhood deviance, exemplified by modern study of ADHD (Rafalovich, 2001). Today ADHD holds the...
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...movements. Also discussed are the effects ADHD and ODD can have on teachers who are observing children involved in a scripted act, unknown to the teachers, and how the halo effect might cloud their review of the child being observed and graded on their behavior. Introduction The effects of what is called the “halo effect” and how it relates to grading of student projects and ratings of their disruptive disorders can have dramatic effects on the finding of research project and diagnosis’ of patients. Halo effect is properly defined as: The halo effect is the systematic bias that the rater introduces by carrying over a generalized impression of the subject from one rating to another. An instructor expects the student who does well on the first question of an examination to do well on the second. You conclude a report is good because you like its form, or you believe someone is intelligent because you agree with him or her. Halo is especially difficult to avoid when the property being studied is not clearly defined, is not easily observed, is not frequently discussed, involves reactions with others, or is a trait of high moral importance. (Cooper & Schindler, 2010, p. 298) This literary review discusses the halo effect in the education environment. Twelve articles have been reviewed and discussed on the subjects of 1) teachers rating students, 2) students rating teachers, 3) the perception of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD),...
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...Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental condition that affects ~5-10% of children with symptoms such as inattentiveness, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity. While both children and adults can have ADHD, it is typically diagnosed in children around the age of seven. Along with inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness, ADHD is also thought to lead to other behavioral issues including substances use/abuse and addiction. Since ADHD can continue through adolescence and into adulthood, it is important to learn if this disorder puts individuals at risk substance use. The object of one study conducted by Brooke S.G. Molina and William E. Pelham, Jr. was to clarify the magnitude of risk for early substance use and SUD in clinic-referred children with ADHD compared to children without ADHD. Their results were published in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2003, Vol.112, No.3, in their paper titled, “Childhood Predictors of Adolescent Substance use in a Longitudinal Study of Children with ADHD”. The research was performed by two distinguished psychologists, Dr. Molina and her mentor, Dr. Pelham, both of whom have significant experience in studying ADHD in children. The article reference section was lengthy and covered numerous topics of children behavior specific to ADHA issues. The authors themselves had several other publications included in the References. The longitudinal study followed two sets of children: one set of 142 clinical-referred children with ADHD and one set of 100...
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...May I Have Your Attention Please?: Teaching Student Writers with ADHD This research paper will investigate attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in order to encourage teachers to view the symptoms and behaviors of ADHD as variability, and to discuss how we can address variability in our teaching philosophies and pedagogies. The initial objective is to provide an understanding of the symptoms and behaviors of ADHD in order to make educators evocative of how students with ADHD function and to discuss strategies proven help students with ADHD succeed in the classroom. An additional objective of this paper is to address why teaching children with ADHD is challenging and encourage changes in teaching philosophy and pedagogy. Most teachers...
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...Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental health disorder that can cause above-normal levels of hyperactive and impulsive behaviors. People with ADHD Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) I the most common disorder of childhood, with prevalence rates commonly reported between 3%-5% of the child population (American Psychological Association, 2008). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is marked by a consistent and chronic pattern of age inappropriate hyperactivity, impulsivity and/or inattentiveness that results in impairment in multiple domains of functioning. And is broken down into three subtypes which are, predominantly inattentive type, predominantly hyperactive/impulsive type, each with nine symptoms....
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...parents can begin to help define, and direct solutions for a more positive outcome. The information will also show how some studies have equated medication therapy, including antidepressants, are now often part of the treatment plan. Nero-psychological assessments are beneficial, because of being more accurate, than just by observations alone, and various causes are associated with ADD, such as genes, sugar, or food additives. Lastly, it will be discussed about a Christian worldview, and how parents, grandparents, in addition, teachers should express their Christian worldview to their children. This could make children more at ease with themselves. Explaining to our children, that they are not alone can greatly affect their well being and increase productivity. Although, we cannot pinpoint just one specific event that occurs as causing ADD. We have to be diligent in our faith. ADD is the acronym for Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder. It is probably the most diagnosed disorder in adolescence. Children who have this condition cannot stay on tasks easily, and have a difficult time concentrating on any one project, and are wired. Although, some children are more inattentive with their behavior, and are overlooked at times because of this lacking of concentration are not properly diagnosed. This condition at times can follow through into adulthood (nih.org, 2014). ADD has three subtypes, starting with predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, predominantly inattentive, and combined...
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