...There are three ways to observe or contemplate baseball, live, radio, or by television. Though, the riveting favor of ways to observe baseball varies. Some are captivated by the background roar and excitement of listening via radio or television, but to me the bewitchment of clarity by experiencing a live game is truly the perfect way to watch baseball. The thrill of the surrounding while seeing a live game, to me, is astounding with the music, the cheer of screams, and the tantalizing foods that touch my taste buds; the whole experience is worth every effort. Though, some people do prefer the older convenience of observing baseball by a radio, in my opinion, there is no true rush of exuberance while listening to a baseball game, that can...
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...of regression analysis is to find out the values of parameters for a purpose that cause the purpose to best fit a set of selected data observations. The description of this linear regression test will be explained and analyzed in the paper. The data collected for various teams will help comparing the numbers with the anticipation of getting a reliable and comparable hypothesis test answer. Having enough data will give the test a fare chance to show the results needed for a positive outcome. Conclusion In finishing the regression analyses, team D can conclude that there seems to be a linear relationship between the salary affect of the performance players based on the win and losses. Team D formulated both verbal and numerical hypothesis statements on the salaries of Major League Baseball players. In addition to using the regression hypothesis test linear, the Team also studies the data given by the Major League Baseball player’s data. This analysis confirms that the mean salary for Major League Baseball players is considerably correlated to the team wins. The sample mean of team salaries and the sample mean of wins of our data set are prime variables. Using regression analysis played an important role in helping us answer the research question of if the salary of Major League Baseball players is connected to the wins of Major League Baseball teams. Reference Doane, D., & Seward, L. (2007). Applied Statistics in Business and Economics. Burr Ridge, IL: McGraw-Hill. Lind...
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...research it is imperative to make sure the data collected is present in the final analysis. This data can be shown in different formats such a graphical or tabular. Team A has chosen the Major League Baseball (MLB) data set and feels the population and the type of data collected will provide good resources for surveys to make informed decisions. Team A will review the types of ways data can be shown as well as some of the ethical issues that researchers may run into. Our research involves looking at the 30 MLB teams in how the statistics vary. The data set is a accumulation of information that includes what league they are in, the year of erection of each stadium, capacity of each stadium, salary of the team, wins for the season, batting average, attendance, earned run average (ERA), stolen bases (SB), and home runs (HR). The sample for this research topic is very sufficient. It includes all the teams in the league and portrays the same information for all of the teams. The population (teams) and the categories listed in the data set will provide Team A the information to complete our research into whether or not a higher salary will make a team better. In reviewing the article titled “Work Incentives and Salary Distributions in Major League Baseball,” the author, Brandon Avrutin, discusses the relationship between the payroll and the performance of the team. According the Avrutin, “the more equally the payroll distribution is among team members,...
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...Review: Playing for Keeps: A History of Early Baseball, 20th Anniversary Edition The development of sports from their early stages, their metamorphosis and evolution to their current form and status is one of the most interesting areas of study. Unfortunately, most writers on such subjects only concentrate on the sport itself and players without exploring other ulterior factors that influence the development of a sport such as the emotional, economic and social environment. The book, Playing for Keeps: A History of Early Baseball by Warren Goldstein is one of the few that have managed to avoid this perennial mistake. This paper is a review of the book, its content, author, objectives and ideas. The book traces the roots and development of baseball. It explains how it began with the culture of organized baseball in 1850's and later graduated from an amateur sport to a professional one a few decades later, thereafter developing into a business. The book not only traces the sport’s linear development, explaining the chronological events that marked its evolution, but also the constant and recurrent elements that have characterized it through different generations, the cyclical history. The writer shows how the game was an amateur club-based sport when it began around 1857. At the time, the main players were clerks, artisans and shopkeepers; there was nothing professional about the sport. Around twenty years later, the face of baseball had changed with businessmen taking advantage...
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...Running head: REGRESSION Regression Names RES/342 - Research and Evaluation II Date Professor Table of contents Executive Summary 3 Dataset 3 Data Observations 3 Statistical Analysis 4 Conclusion 4 Dataset for the 2004 season 5 Regression Analysis taking LOG (Y) 6 Regression Analysis 8 Executive Summary This report is to determine whether total team payroll for major league baseball teams directly varies with each team’s home attendance. This is an important statistical analysis because if we can prove that there is a relationship between salary and attendance then we can see that more fans in the stands will give a team more buying power when it comes to signing players. Dataset The independent variable is team payroll and the dependent variable is team home attendance. Each team plays 81 home games. The dataset consists of 30 Major League Baseball teams from the 2004 season. Data Observations For the independent variable: The arithmetic mean for home attendance is: 30,453.67 The median for total home attendance is: 31,499.50 The standard deviation for total home attendance is: 8,132.28139 The minimum for total home attendance is: 14,052 The maximum for total home attendance is: 50,499 For the dependent variable: The arithmetic mean for total payroll is: $73,052,363.27 The median...
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...Two Sample Hypothesis Paper Hypothesis testing for Team C using the data set of Major League Baseball (Lind, Marchal, & Wathen, p 730, 2008) was chosen because of its availability of data such as major league baseball player’s salaries and wins. The team has determined a hypothesis statement, from which the research was formulated around. The team then formulated numerical charts and verbal statements regarding the issue being researched as well as performed the five-step hypothesis test utilizing the data set information that we have. The steps that the team used were to first formulate a testable hypothesis, design the experiment, collect the data and make a decision. (Doane & Seward, 2007). The focus of this paper is to determine if the salary of players is a significant predictor of the number of wins that a team can expect to have. We will do this by means of regression analysis. When attempting to understand the relationship between the salaries earned by Major League baseball teams and the number of wins each team has, regression analysis of the two variables was used. In particular, we will test the hypothesis that the slope of the regression line is zero or not. If the slope is zero, then salary is not a useful predictor of the number of wins for a team. On the other hand, if the slope is non-zero, then salary is a useful predictor of wins. We conduct this test by means of an ANOVA table in which the salary is treated as a covariate. This is done by...
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...The Amazing Catch I will use the three stages of the perception process to identify the process I followed in determining whether or not the situation shown in the video is possible. The video shows a ball girl scaling the back wall of a baseball field and catching a home run. I believe that the ball girl catch was real; I will explain how I used the three stages of perception to come to my conclusion. I will also describe the characteristics of each step, and information I focused on. Before I begin with my conclusion I feel it would be best to explain the perception process, and how the stages work together. I will later define the stages and characteristics of each, and explain how they pertain to the ball girl catching the ball. The first stage of the Perception process is selection. Selection is when something sticks out from normal, and is brought to your attention and you decide it warrants further investigation. Once something is brought to your attention, the second step of the Perception process is organization. Organization is how you categorize and quantify the information that is brought to your attention. After you have organized the information your third step in the Perception process is interpretation. Interpretation is your final conclusion on the information or situation you have observed. The first step in the stages of the perception process is selection. Selection is defined as the process of attending to a stimulus (Kory 109); this means something...
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...during the nine teen and early twentieth. They are mainly of Irish and German immigrants. Later, many European and Asian immigrants migrated to the New York City. The number of immigrant has grown to nearly two million. There are many famous places and interesting culture in New York City. Therefore, New York City is one of the most wonderful places to visit. First of all, there are many famous places in New York City. One of them is the Empire State Building that was the 8th world wonder. It is a big building that had 64 elevators (now 73) its height is 381 meters (1250 ft). The Empire State Building is built in the early 1930s. It was one of the world tallest skyscrapers in 1931. The Empire State Building is famous because its observation deck that has the wonderful view over the city of New York. Also, the Empire State Building is used in “King Kong” movie that is very famous. That’s a reason why most children would like to go there to look at it. The Empire State Building is also very famous at tower lighting systems. It makes perfect sense. It is so amazing to look at the sense of lights that changes its color everyday to make the Empire State Building attractive. The Statue of Liberty that was a famous statue made by the French engineer Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. It was given as a gift from the French government for 100th anniversary of America’s Independence. The Statue of Liberty is “46.5 meters (151ft) tall and together with the pedestal it reaches a height...
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...Letter to Editor Dear Editor: On August 8 in 2007 Barry Bonds broke the Major League Baseball (MLB) home run records by 31years. However, most major newspapers and magazines columns were indifferent and negative to his home run record. The expressions from them are very different from wild enthusiasms and cheers when he broke Mark McGwire’s single season home run record because Bonds is under suspicion for steroid use. Beside in these cases, major leaguers’ performance enhancing drugs stories rise out many different way such as Jose Canseco autobiography, Mark McGwire admits he uses the steroids and goes on to hit a then record 70 homers. According to the MLB official site, the investigation of MLB organization found that 5 percent to 7 percent of 1438 tests were positive about performance enhancing drugs during the 2003 season. The Major League player were used performance enhancing drug and even existence of the drug policy keep under suspicion about it nowadays . So, I think MLB need to improve current performance enhancing drugs policy. According to the MLB official site, Major League Baseball’s drug policy joint drug prevention and treatment program is established by agreement after the 2004 season between the MLB Players Association and the Office of the Commissioner of Major League Baseball in order to ban baseball players’ performance enhancing drugs including anabolic steroids and other illegal drugs. There was one unannounced mandatory test for...
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...Kelly Thomer Sports History Why Aluminum Bats should be Banned from the NCAA Crack! That was the sound of our nation's pastime in the early days of baseball. For nearly 125, years the wooden bat was used in every level of baseball. In Tom's River, New Jersey, the little league World Series is held every summer. Ping! This is the only sound that a spectator will hear during one of those baseball games. What happened to the old-fashioned crack of the bat? The wooden bat has been used in professional baseball since the game's establishment in 1864. An aluminum bat is more dangerous than a wooden bat due to the advanced technology of the aluminum bat, but offers a greater impact to a ball than a wooden bat could. For college ball players hoping to make it to the majors, they should be using the equipment required by the MLB in order to be the most prepared. Also, it makes it harder for scouts to determine how a player will perform under different conditions. This is why I believe the NCAA should play with the same standards as the MLB. The baseball bat controversy has been lingering over amateur baseball since the NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) allowed the use of aluminum bats for the first time in 1974 (Adelson). Every year there is another injury to a pitcher as a result of the aluminum bat due to its exit velocity. The exit velocity of a ball plays a key role in determining the level of risk of injury. It is defined as the speed of the ball off the...
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...cockfighting is performed. His first established presence in this unfamiliar country exposed him to an unwelcoming depiction of how the Balinese ignored foreigners. When fleeing with the locals upon a police raid from a cockfight, they overcame the biased expectations of the Balinese and were finally able to engage with the locals. His studies comprised primarily on cockfighting due to its diverse analogies associated to the Balinese every day life. The symbolic representation of the cock as an extension to the man, the importance of betting as a representation of their status and their approach to village rivalries through birds tearing each other apart demonstrates cockfighting is as significant a cultural expression to the Balinese as is baseball to Americans. Main Concepts Anthropological fieldwork is information collection outside of an office or laboratory where research on given subjects are conducted (Geertz, 1972, p. 2). Visitor status is social standing or perception on someone who does not come from their “home” (Geertz, 1972, p. 2). Narcissistic ego is the excessive interest in self-importance and status (Geertz, 1972, p. 3). Platonic love is a none sexual but intimate relationship with something or someone (Geertz, 1972, p. 4). Deep play means something that goes into a more deep profound level. (Geertz, 1972, p. 7). Status gambling is betting using one’s status. Winning promotes one’s status just as losing hinders it (Geertz, 1972, p. 7). Social hierarchy is...
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...their teams, and suddenly the world of sports turns into a dynamic realm where Americans can invest their time, opinions, and relevant emotions. This seemed fine if it continued to favor societies segregated views and remained centered on the concepts of white supremacy. Certainly, athletics serve as a microcosm for humanity, once this was acknowledged, sports were used as an objective to advocate societal change and equal rights throughout the country. Some of the most noted examples include: Branch Rickey’s “noble experiment” and the desegregation of Major League Baseball, in 1947, by Jackie Robinson. Before Jackie Robinson’s Major League Baseball debut, baseball was separated among the paramount all-white major leagues and the lesser valued negro leagues. Thus, baseball truly favored America’s society at that time. Rickey understood well the influence of sports and realized that desegregation of baseball could potentially catalyst the first steps toward desegregating society as a whole. This was however very difficult to achieve, and Mr. Robinson was subjected to unjust suffering and bias as a result of his pivotal role. However, when Jackie began to play, the stadiums filled. White Americans applauded him. These were the same whites who refused to allow a black man to drink from the same fountain; and they were now spending money to watch him participate in athletics on the field and representing their team. This was an unquestionably a tremendous breakthrough, one...
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...Group 12 EXSS 181 Dr. J.D. DeFreese 10 April 2015 Coaching Behavior Lab Paper: The Analysis of Coaching Techniques Through Sports Psychology Theories The UNC club baseball team is a student-led team in which the players elect a head coach and other positions to keep executive control of the team. The head coach this season is twenty years old so the players that he is coaching are the same age and sometimes even older than him. Since the head coach of this sport club is a coaching minor, he already had some experience coaching through his classes here at UNC. During each practice, the head coach hits ground balls and fly balls to each of the participants and leads the team in drills every day. While leading these drills, he comments on almost every single play including both mistakes and successful plays in order to correct mistakes or applaud the players’ performance. The data collected from the coaching session demonstrates that instructor responses to successful participant outcomes (total percentage) were greater than unsuccessful participant outcomes (total percentage). Specifically, “praise only” coaching behaviors were displayed the most with an average observed percentage of 24.49%. An example of a “praise only” coaching behavior that he used was “Good catch, Jordan.” The praise only percentage presents a stark contrast to “praise and instruction” average percentage of 4.119 %. This disparity suggests lack of timely feedback displayed by the young coach, which...
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...What do roller coasters, baseballs, tug of war ropes, and magnets all have in common? They all require forces to set them in motion! 2B. Identify an essential question that invites students to consider how or why this phenomena occurs. How do force and motion affect movement of objects? 2C. Write 4-5 learning outcomes/objects using ABCD format and SMART criteria for your unit: 2D. Create a formative assessment to check student understanding during a unit. This graphic organizer can be used by the students to track experiments which will help them determine what forces and motions must be used to move objects. Students will work in groups of two and must make an observation, such as “Motion is a way that things move. Blowing is a motion.” They will form a question such as, “How much force does it take to move different objects the same distance?” Students will then form a hypothesis such as, “I think it will take the same amount of blows to move different objects.” Students will then experiment with blowing the objects listed on the graphic organizer and record their findings. Once the students have recorded findings, they will write a conclusion sentence. While circulating among the students, the teacher will be able to assess whether or not the students are making the proper connections through observations. After the students have completed their graphic organizers, the teacher should facilitate further discussion....
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...complex and unusual also comes with activity of this nature, and this is the ability to forget the destitution and difficulty of everyday life and the capability to be on a level playing field with many people that believe the same way, no matter what socio-economic class they represent. One sport in particular has transcended all other games, has continually been a psychological shelter from pain and hardships of life, and also a cultural rocket breaking through the social barriers in the American society. That sport is simply the most beloved American game of all, baseball. The purpose of this essay is to critically explore a myriad of aspects of life that have been changed due to sports, all the while concentrating on baseball as the main focal point. Further, this work will continually pose the question of how it is conceivable that a single and simple sport could greatly impact a country the way baseball has the United States. At the time of the first foreign inhabitants of North America, life was more difficult than someone of the twenty-first century could have imagined. The hardships were endured by every colonist nearly twenty-four hours a day, with little to relieve their minds of the complexities of early American life. Nonetheless, there was at least one aspect of life that offered them the ability to escape the perennial cruelties of life, and that was sports. Throughout the colonies, no matter north or south,...
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