...Polycystic Kidney Disease Kacey Lee I was initially attracted to the topic of polycystic kidney disease because I was diagnosed with PKD. The cause of the disease, the history, symptoms and treatment and preventions had peeked my interest from the day I was diagnosed with. Polycystic kidney disease. The kidneys are vital to human life, our body has two kidneys that are shaped like beans, and they preform many important tasks in our body’s regulation. Our kidneys work to extract waste from our blood. They also form urine, balance our body fluids and balance our electrolytes. In this paper I will discuss polycystic kidney disease, the causes, history, affects to the body, treatment, and prevention for the disease. Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disorder, which is inherited and affects the kidneys. The disease causes clusters of cysts to grow in the kidneys. The cysts are non-cancerous; the cysts are fluid filled and have a round shape to them. These sacs can range in sizes in the kidneys from...
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...Chronic Kidney Disease Abstract Chronic kidney disease is a progressive disease that destroys the function of the human kidneys. This purpose of this research paper is to present an introductory profile of the disease. The profile includes a description of the disease, leading causes, how it is diagnosed, and its stages. Current statistics of the individuals impacted by the disease and mortality are provided. This paper will also explain the progressive nature of the disease and how the kidneys are damaged. Finally, the treatment goals and actions for the different stages of the disease are laid forth. Chronic Kidney Disease Kidneys are vital organs that regulate the body’s fluid level, filter toxins, control blood pressure, and more. A human cannot live without at least one functioning kidney. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive disease that destroys the operating capacity of the kidneys. CKD impacts millions of Americans and is often undiagnosed until it is in an advanced stage. The human body attempts to compensate for the disease and, in doing so, worsens the condition. CKD is usually caused by another underlying cardiovascular condition. Treatment for CKD seeks to slow the progression of the disease by relieving the underlying condition. Once CKD has reached its final stage, kidney function is insufficient and renal replacement therapy is required. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) was formerly known as chronic renal failure (Haynes & Winearls...
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...results from an extra copy of chromosome eighteen is called Edwards’ disease or Trisomy eighteen. During Meiosis, chromosome eighteen is duplicated three times, causing developmental issues that are life threatening. This genetic defect in most cases causes the fetus to be stillborn at birth (Trisomy 18 foundation, 2010). According to Thomas Weiss, “Edwards' syndrome is associated with a broad spectrum of abnormalities which consist of greater than one-hundred and thirty discrete defects involving the brain, heart, craniofacial structure, kidneys and stomach.” The purpose of this paper is to examine what Edward’s syndrome is: diagnosing, symptoms, treatment/management and prognosis. Diagnosing Diagnosing a Trisomy Eighteen infant, starts with genetic testing when the infant is in utero. A Trisomy Eighteen chromosomal defect occurs one out of every six thousand births. Genetic testing is preformed after ultrasound detects abnormalities. An ultrasound alone is not able to diagnosis an infant with Edwards’ Syndrome. This is used as a routine check-up to look at the growth and development of the fetus. Ultra sounds can...
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...COMPANY PROFILE H I S T O R Y The company was established and incorporated in the latter part of 1994 that was September, primarily to import and distribute medical disposable products. It commences full operation early l995 after we finalize our negotiation with our 1st foreign principal, Kimal Scientific Products Ltd. to distribute on exclusive basis their dialysis and cardiology catheters/disposable products and medical equipment like blood collection system, Peritoneal dialysis machine etc. After we got our government licenses, permits, finalize exclusive distribution contract with more foreign suppliers such as Ewemed Hollinger of Austria that manufactures ECG Electrodes, Tablet Dispenser, Medical Therapy Lazer etc., we expanded additional sales business operation exactly in the 3rd quarter of 1995 with three (3) sales people, 1 accountant, 1 driver, 1 helper, a warehouse clerk, and (1) General Manager for finance and personnel plus Paul B. Soliven Jr. on a part-time and consultancy basis to take care & support the operational requirement of the company. To back up our sales operation and distribution network nationwide we have employed 3 dealers in the provinces for Visayas, Mindanao and Region 2. On 01 June 1996, Paul B. Soliven Jr. assume full responsibility in running the sales, marketing, distribution and operation of the company due to new and more products, additional foreign suppliers etc. The business address of the company...
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...Technology and U.S. Health Care Over the course of history, medical technology has continued to evolve in more ways than one. The advancements in surgical procedures, imaging techniques and the use of computer technology has allowed for patients to receive health care in a more convenient and efficient way, but with this convenience and the ever evolving technology comes the burden of cost on the U.S. economy. This paper will review how early medicinal practices have evolved into the technologically advanced world of medicine we live in today, as well as discuss how these advancements play a role in the accessibility, affordability and quality of life and care the patients of the United States receive today. In the early 1800’s, medicinal practice in the U.S. was considered to be very primitive. Unlike the European countries of Britain, France and Germany, “American medicine lagged behind in the advances of medical science, experimental research and medical science education” (Shi & Singh, 2008 p. 85). Instead, America focused more on applied science rather than the research of basic sciences. In return, the United States’ “early practices of medicine were regarded more as a trade than a profession. It did not require the rigorous course of study, clinical practice, residency training, board exams and licensing, without which it is impossible to practice today” (Shi & Singh, 2008 p.85). This meant that pretty much anyone during this time could call themselves a physician, and...
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... Raymond Gentry Choriocarcinoma: Not a Death Sentence Choriocarcinoma, or also known as Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD), is a very rare and malignant type of tumor. According to Spickler and Oberleitner (2011), Choriocarcinoma develops from genetically deformed germ cells which usually produce sperm or eggs (pp.1012-1014). Research shows no exact causes for the development of Choriocarcinoma (GTD). Early research shows that Choriocarcinoma was almost always found to be a fatal disease. There are no known means of prevention for this disease. According to Spickler and Oberleitner (2011), although Choriocarcinoma has the capability to metastasize extremely fast, there is a high possibility of a complete cure or remission even if the disease has been diagnosed in later stages of development even with metastases (pp.1012-1014). My research will show that it is not a dismal death sentence for those diagnosed with it. Choriocarcinoma (GTD) is primarily found in women during their childbearing years however it has been diagnosed in men as well. This paper will concentrate on the causes, risk factors, and forms of treatment in women. Doctors have no exact explanation for the development of Choriocarcinoma (GTD), though there are many risk factors. Some of the leading causes are an ectopic pregnancy where the fetus starts development in the fallopian tube. According to Goldstein and Berkowitz (2004b) the development of...
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...Ethics Steven J. Ramsey University of Minnesota Introduction In this paper, I will be applying ethics – principles of right and wrong – from an administrative perspective to three specific situations. In the first situation I describe the application of two ethical principles in relation to access to healthcare at a hospital. The next situation deals with the moral issues raised by mandating the use of ultrasound technology. Here I explain which ethical principles are used to justify this practice, and which ones are violated by this practice. In the last situation, I describe an ethical dilemma I was personally faced with and the ethical principles I used to resolve it. 1. Access to HealthCare The Principle of Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is the moral theory that says the rightness of an action is determined by its contribution to the greatest good for the greatest number. This theory argues against specific actions that would benefit an individual in favor of actions that serve to benefit society overall. Using this theory as a principle for making healthcare decisions, the objective becomes to maximize the health of the population served, which is in conflict with the widely held objective to maximize the care to every individual patient. For example, when having to choose between offering a program that benefits one thousand patients every year verses a program that benefits only five patients...
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...improve the function of the bodily systems, through addressing neuromuscular pain with chiropractic adjustments and by eliminating any interference and discomfort that may be impairing the body’s ability to self heal to reach optimal health. Chiropractic originated in 1895 when DD (Full name here) Palmer, a local grocer with a keen interest in metaphysics, started as a magnetic healer until he put forward the principles of chiropractic, “I was a magnetic healer for nine years previous to discovering the principles which comprise the method know as chiropractic. During this period much of that which was necessary to complete the science was worked out. I had discovered that many diseases were associated with derangements of the stomach, kidneys and other organs...” (1) The word chiropractic literally means in Greek, “done by hand” (2) and public interest in the practice was generated when he “cured” a janitor of his deafness by manipulation of his neck. DD Palmer argued that all disease and infirmity is caused by a subluxated bone (95% of the time a spinal vertebrae)which disrupts the flow of innate intelligence. (3) Physiotherapy is a healthcare profession that aims to help people affected by disability, deformity, illness or injury by manual therapy, heat treatment, hydrotherapy, exercise...
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...Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm By Richaly Luce, T TH PM Laboratory Fall 2016 INTRODUCTION An abdominal aortic aneurysm is the dilation of a localized area of the abdominal aorta. The most common complication of this is rupture of the aneurysm. When it ruptures the mortality rate is around 90%. Rupture of the aneurysm causes massive hemorrhage into the abdominal cavity. Abdominal aortic aneurysm affects around 5-9% of the population over the age of 65, and most common in males. It is less common in females and tends to happen after the age of 75. The rupture resulting in death of the aneurysm affects about 1-2% of all male deaths in western countries. I’ve done some light research in the past about this pathology. Now that I have the opportunity...
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...CHAPTER ONE 1. INTRODUCTION 1.0 DEFINITION OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE, HERBAL PREPARATION AND FINISHED HERBAL PRODUCTS The World Health Organization (WHO) defines traditional medicine as the sum total of knowledge, skills and practices based on the theories, beliefs and experiences indigenous to different cultures. Traditional medicine is used in the maintenance of health the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness, whether explicable or not and is passed on from generation to generation. Herbal Preparations contain plant parts or plant material in the crude or processed state as active ingredients and may contain excipients. (WHO, 1996a; Busse, 1999). Combinations with chemically defined active substances or isolated constituents are not considered herbal preparations (Busse, 2000; GNDP, 2004). According to the European Medicine Evaluation Agency (EMEA), herbal preparations are medicinal products containing exclusively herbal drugs or herbal drug preparations as active substances (WHO, 1996b; Busse, 2000). Several chemical constituents with different pharmacological targets are involved in the therapeutic action of herbal preparations. This may be an advantage compared to single isolated compounds, especially when the underlying disease has a multifactorial etiology which is the case in many chronic illnesses. Herbal preparations may include comminuted or powdered plant material, extracts, tinctures, fatty or essential oils of...
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...National Cancer Institute. Breast cancer research has found no cure and treatments vary in effectiveness. Objectives This paper will review some of the various conventional and natural prevention methods of breast cancer and evaluate the effectiveness and risks of each. Methods/Design Published studies on early detection , non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, physical activity and diet were reviewed. Opposing studies and risks of each were also sought and reviewed. Major Findings All methods were found to have a positive effect on reducing the risk of breast cancer except for early detection. All methods were also found to have a negative effect on breast cancer risk or have risks of other health problems except for physical activity and thermography. Conclusion Studies show that early detection does not prevent breast cancer and moderate physical activity can reduce the risk of breast cancer. All other methods have conflicting studies . Early Detection: Early detection is the most recommend method for the prevention of breast cancer, however it does not prevent breast cancer but studies show it can reduce the death rate of breast cancer. Mammography the most used and accurate form of non-evasive early detection will be examined in this paper as well as thermography, a new alternative to mammogram screenings. Mammography Mammography is a procedure that uses x-ray radiation to capture an image inside the body. Research has concluded that Mammograms can reduce...
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...Prescription behavior of doctors when prescribing drugs for Iron Deficiency anemia Research paper presented to SPPSPTM, NMIMS In partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree B.Pharm + MBA (MBA PharmaTech) By Dishali Shah A073 Academic Year 2015 - 2016 Statement by candidate This is to submit that this submission report is my report entitled “Prescription behavior of doctors when prescribing drugs for Iron Deficiency anemia” represents my ideas in my own words and where others’ ideas have been included, I have adequately cited and referenced the original sources. I also declare that I have followed all the principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any idea/ data/ fact / source in my submission. I understand that any violation of the above will be a cause of strict disciplinary action by the School and can also evoke penal action from the sources, which have thus not been properly cited, or from whom proper permission has not been taken when needed. P. Score________% Signature of Student Name of Student SVKM’s NMIMS Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai-400056. SHOBHABEN PRATAPBHAI PATEL SCHOOL OF PHARMACY AND TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT, SVKM’s NMIMS 2 Certificate The work described in this report entitled “Prescription behavior of doctors when prescribing drugs for Iron Deficiency anemia” has been carried...
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...its real purpose in the human body is more important than that. The diaphragm plays such a crucial role in everyday life to the extent that one cannot survive without it. In this paper we will consider the role of the diaphragm through its anatomy and physiology. We will then review a congenital birth defect known as Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) and how it changes the anatomy and physiology of the body. We will also look at current research and prognosis of the disease in an effort to gain a better understanding of this often-fatal defect. The diaphragm is located almost centrally in the body. It is a continuous sheet of muscle that spreads across the bottom of the rib cage creating a divide between the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity. As detailed in the text Gray’s Anatomy, the convex upper surface of the diaphragm faces the thorax and forms the bottom of the thoracic cavity. The concave inferior surface is pointed towards the abdomen and is mostly covered in peritoneum forming the superior part of the abdominal cavity. The right side of the diaphragm is superior to the right lobe of the liver, the right kidney, and the right adrenal gland. The left side of the diaphragm lays over the left lobe of the liver, the fundus of the stomach, the spleen, the left kidney, and the left adrenal gland (Gray, 2005). The diaphragm has three parts, which are based on the regions of attachment of its outer surfaces. They are known as the sternal, the costal...
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...nursing research evidence into practice and policy is essential for the provision of quality care. Research utilization is defined as “the systematic process of transferring research knowledge into practice for the purpose of understanding, validating, enhancing, or changing practice” and has a potential to influence attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of healthcare providers and recipients, alike (Matthew-Maich, Ploeg, Jack, & Dobbins, 2010). Most practical nursing disciplines create mechanisms of research utilization that, according to MacGuire (2006), can “clearly explicate the essential nature, meanings and components of nursing so that nurse clinicians can use this knowledge in a deliberate and meaningful way.” There are some difficulties with the process of transforming research findings into practice. Nurses may not know about the research finding, or they may find the changes to be disruptive and resist implementing them. They may not have the appropriate training or funding, or simply may not have the autonomy to apply the knowledge into their practice independently (MacGuire, 2006). When successfully implemented, research findings encourage nurses to make thoughtful and informed choices, to avoid automatic reactions based on old assumptions and practices, and to afford them ability to understand and critique research evidence in relation to their practice. Sometimes, a new idea could be rightfully rejected, based on a thoughtful implementation of research findings...
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...National Curriculum Statement (NCS) Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement LIFE SCIENCES Further Education and Training Phase Grades 10-12 basic education Department: Basic Education REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA CurriCulum and assessment PoliCy statement Grades 10-12 life sCienCes CAPS LIFE SCIENCES GRADES 10-12 department of Basic education 222 Struben Street Private Bag X895 Pretoria 0001 South Africa Tel: +27 12 357 3000 Fax: +27 12 323 0601 120 Plein Street Private Bag X9023 Cape Town 8000 South Africa Tel: +27 21 465 1701 Fax: +27 21 461 8110 Website: http://www.education.gov.za © 2011 department of Basic education isBn: 978-1-4315-0578-4 Design and Layout by: Ndabase Printing Solution Printed by: Government Printing Works CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT POLICY STATEMENT (CAPS) LIFE SCIENCES GRADES 10-12 FOREWORD by thE ministER Our national curriculum is the culmination of our efforts over a period of seventeen years to transform the curriculum bequeathed to us by apartheid. From the start of democracy we have built our curriculum on the values that inspired our Constitution (Act 108 of 1996). the Preamble to the Constitution states that the aims of the Constitution are to: • heal the divisions of the past and establish a society based on democratic values, social justice and fundamental human rights; improve the quality of life of all citizens and free the potential of each person; lay the foundations for a democratic and open society in which...
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