...Fact Finding and Risk Assessment Sustainability Aspects in the Vietnamese Cashew Sector Prepared for Kraft Foods Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG Langemarckstr. 4-20, 28199 Bremen, Germany Prepared by [pic] Representative Office Asia Pacific 5 Ong Ich Khiem. Hanoi, Ba Dinh, SR Viet Nam June 2005 Table of Content 1. Introduction 1 2. Cashew in General and in Vietnam 1 2.1 General Agronomy 1 2.2 Sector organisation 2 2.3 Production 3 2.4 Products and processing 5 2.5 The Supply Chain 8 2.6 Trade and export 11 2.7 Internal consumption 11 3. Vietnams integration into the International Cashew Market 12 3.1 International Cashew trade 12 3.2 Supply 13 3.3 Demand 14 3.4 Pricing 15 4. Sustainability issues in the Vietnamese Cashew sector 17 4.1 Environmental sustainability 17 4.1.1 Forest Resources 17 4.1.2 Soil and Water 17 4.1.3 Fertiliser and Pesticides 17 4.1.4 Solid Waste, Waste Water and Air Emissions 18 4.1.5 Energy Efficiency 18 4.2 Social sustainability 18 4.2.1 Labour and wages 18 4.2.2 Children 19 4.2.3 Gender 19 4.2.4 Working conditions and wages 19 4.3 Economic sustainability 20 4.3.1 Supply Chain Equitability 20 4.3.2 Value adding 20 5. Towards a cashew and sustainability PPP project 20 5.1 Possibilities for an export orientated project intervention 20 5.2 Possibilities for a local market orientated project...
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...guided by Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait, on of the richest oil countries. This was the first major international crisis after the Cold War (“The Persian Gulf War”, 2012). After a long process of diplomatic talk and sanctions, the President of the United States, George Hebert Walker Bush, along with the support of the U.S Congress and the United Nations, decided to declare war on Iraq. During his declaration of war speech, Bush expressed that It was a forceful choice, as there was no other way left but to drive Saddam Hussein out of Kuwait with force (pitythefool, 2008). As a result, the coalition led by the U.S won the war in a short time period. However, were the overall effects of the 1991 Persian Gulf War positive or negative for the United States? Political Perspective The 1991 Persian Gulf War had several positive impacts for the U.S from a political perspective. The first Persian Gulf War was not only limited to Iraq and Kuwait. It was also an issue of high political importance for the United States. One of the reasons why the region was so important to the U.S is because the U.S depended on Kuwait for the access of cheap oil. By trying to conquer Kuwai, Saddam Hussain was a direct threat to the economic ties between the U.S and Kuwait. Furthermore, the U.S was afraid that Saddam’s territorial expansion would not stop with Kuwait but would continue into Saudi Arabia (Kimmel, 1998), which is also rich in oil reserves. Thus entering the war, the U.S maintained the positive...
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...sustainability challenges Name: Tutor: Introduction System thinking is an approach which focuses on how the issue on study interacts with other related issues and not merely isolating it. Over time, it has been used to address various complex issues (Banson et al. 2014, p.173). Wicked problems are one of these issues addressed by it in a successful way. It is also useful in solving recurring problems which prove difficult to solve. Basically it is composed of various parts which are related either directly or indirectly. They all entail processes which produce outputs from inputs. It is not only dynamic but also holistic and seeks to produce results of the complex problems. Systems thinking is the only critical way to solve complex issues impeding sustainability challenges and develop quality solutions. Since its conception in 1920 by Jan Smuts Holism, it has developed and solved many issues (Gharajedaghi p.2013 558). Pollution is a complex issue which is intertwined in different processes and impacts in diverse ways. Thus, the topic is significance in pursuing ways to help solve the pollution. Ocean pollution also referred to as marine pollution is a wicked problem which has been increasing in complexity day in day out. This is because of the increasing population growth which stands at 7.2 billion worldwide (Noga & Wolbring 2013 p.3615). The increased industry establishment is directly proportional to chemical waste which settle in the oceans. It causes death of marine animals...
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...or distribution services for a high street retailer. It is vital that inputs not only meet the required and reliability standards, but also those they are competitively priced. Supply chain management is a set of approaches utilized to efficiently integrate suppliers, manufactures, warehouses and stores, so that merchandise is produced and distributed at the right quantities, to the right locations and at the right time, in order to minimize system wide costs while satisfying service level requirements. For the oil and gas industry with its high levels of risk, the Chartered Institute of Purchasing & Supply (CIPS) is providing training to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of purchasing and supply. OPITO, the focal point for skills, learning and development in the oil and gas industry, undertook a labour market survey of the industry which identified a sector wide skills shortage. Oil & Gas UK then undertook a supply chain specialist for the oil and gas industry. The responsibility of an organization, the impact of its decisions and activities on society and the environment, resulting in transparent and ethical behavior which: Contributes to sustainable development, health and well-being of society. Takes into account the expectations of stakeholders; Upholds the law in force and is in line with the international standards of behavior; It integrated into the organization as a whole and implemented in its relationships. All types of organizations, whether businesses...
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...is important for future generations to know where their ancestors have been and what they have accomplished in order to make future changes and developments in a society. I feel that without studying American history most industries would not be able to grow to meet the demands of modern day needs. Take for instance the computer industry and it’s progression in the last 40 years. My laptop that I’m writing this paper with has as much power, if not more than the computers used to put a man on the moon. That would not be possible if manufacturers did not look at ways to improve what they already have developed, which means they have to look back at what they have created in the past. Among other important reasons for studying American History would be subjects such as labor laws and social security. We as a society want to live better lives and improve the quality of our lives and so by looking at the past we can make changes in the future to benefit our future generations. In my view without studying history there would be no progressive future. I think many people have a negative view on studying history because they can’t seem to find a connection to how history relates or affects their lives. I believe that anyone can find something interesting to study in history. It’s just a matter of finding a way for them to connect with a subject on a personal or professional level. Maybe someone does not like American history but they might enjoy studying their own family history. Through...
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...Doing Business in Vietnam: 2009 Country Commercial Guide for U.S. Companies INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT, U.S. & FOREIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 2008. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. • • • • • • • • • • Chapter 1: Doing Business In Vietnam Chapter 2: Political and Economic Environment Chapter 3: Selling U.S. Products and Services Chapter 4: Leading Sectors for U.S. Export and Investment Chapter 5: Trade Regulations and Standards Chapter 6: Investment Climate Chapter 7: Trade and Project Financing Chapter 8: Business Travel Chapter 9: Contacts, Market Research and Trade Events Chapter 10: Guide to Our Services 3/3/2009 Return to table of contents Chapter 1: Doing Business in Vietnam • • • • Market Overview Market Challenges Market Opportunities Market Entry Strategy Market Overview Return to top • Vietnam is a true emerging market, offering ground floor and growing opportunities for U.S. exporters and investors. Vietnam’s economic growth rate has been among the highest in the world in recent years, expanding annually at 7-8.5 percent, while industrial production has been growing at around 14-15 percent per year. Vietnam’s macroeconomic challenges and the global financial crisis dampened this growth in 2008 and will continue to do so in 2009. • In response to significant macroeconomic challenges, including high inflation and a large and growing current account deficit, the...
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...Vu, V. (2013) Promoting the Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Standards to Ensure Sustainable Development of Textile Enterprises in Vietnam http://www.ietecconference.com/ietec13/conferenceproceedings2013/papers/Wendesday/WP3/WP3.5_submission_117.pdf Implementing corporate social responsibility (CSR) is one of the requirements that enterprises need to observe to ensure green growth towards sustainable development. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been conventionally defined as a voluntary humane activity in solving social and charitable problems. Recently, however, there is a new school that advocates strong intervention by the state and society, including the need for legislation to strengthen the CSR of enterprises, instead of leaving it to their individual discretion. “Sustainable development (SD) is the development of using available natural resources and environmental conditions not only to meet the needs of human beings but also to ensure the necessary environmental and resource conditions for future generations so that they can live better" [WCED, 1987]. The sustainable development of a society is judged by certain criteria in all three aspects: the economy, society and environment and natural resources. These criteria are different in countries which have different levels of development. In general, however, in order to obtain sustainable development, they must balance all three objectives: the economy, society and...
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...INTRODUCTION ONGC Videsh Limited (OVL) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC), a Central Public Sector Enterprise/Undertaking (CPSE/CPSU) of the Government of India, under the administrative control of the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas (2MoP&NG). OVL is engaged in exploration and production of oil and gas outside India. OVL was incorporated as Hydrocarbons India Private Limited, on March 5, 1965 with registered office in New Delhi to perform international exploration and production business. The Company was rechristened as ONGC Videos Limited w.e.f. 15th June, 1989. With the widening of the energy supply gap from domestic production, participation in oveRs.eas oil and gas assets for equity oil was revived in the mid nineties. OVL participated in few exploration projects then, which could not bear desired results. In January, 2000, OVL was granted special empowerment by the Government. The special empowerment facilitated better and smooth functioning of the Company in the international environment as evidenced by a string of successful acquisitions post January, 2000. OVL presently has participation either directly or through wholly owned subsidiaries/joint venture company in 33 E&P projects in 14 countries namely Vietnam (2 projects), Russia (2 projects), Sudan (3 projects), Iran (1 project), Iraq (1 project), Libya (1 project), Myanmar (2 projects), Syria (2 projects), Cuba (2 projects), Brazil (6 projects)...
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...market analysis” and “Preliminary marketing plan”. In part III, “Market Audit and Competitive market analysis”, the data generated in part III are used to determine the extent of adaptation of the company’s marketing mix necessary for successful market entry to the develop the final step, the action plan. This part concludes some evaluations of the products, the description of our market in India. Moreover, we also compare and contrast our “Van Tho” vegetable oil and the competition’s products. We also give some numerous data to easier forecast about this market. In part IV, “Preliminary marketing plan”, we will gather the information from Part I “Cultural analysis” to part III to develop a marketing plan for “Van Tho” vegetable oil in the our target market in India, Mumbai and New Delhi. We would point out the opportunities, threats, strengths, weaknesses to understand what we have and what we have to do next. We also provide the plan of promotion, distribution when we first introduce our “Van Tho” vegetable oil in our target market. Also provided in this paper is other information which is necessary for our plan. This paper can be a market orientation to help our company around company objectives, markets, and the competitive environment. Doing business in home country involves much difficult. However, doing business internationally, the problems are multiplied. Therefore, it is important to do this paper in order to make things easier when we do business in a country...
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...people are spread out over some 17,000 islands that span an arc 3,200 miles long from Sumatra in the west to Irian Jaya in the east. It is the world’s most populous Mus- lim nation—some 85 percent of the population count themselves as Muslims—but also one of the most eth- nically diverse. More than 500 languages are spoken in the country, and separatists are active in a number of provinces. For 30 years the strong arm of President Suharto held this sprawling nation together. Suharto was a virtual dictator who was backed by the military establishment. Under his rule, the Indonesian econ- omy grew steadily, but there was a cost. Suharto bru- tally repressed internal dissent. He was also famous for Market Potential Index (MPI) is a yearly study con- ducted by the Michigan State University Center for International Business Education and Research (MSU- CIBER) to compare emerging markets on a variety of dimensions. Provide a description of the indicators used in the index. Which of the indicators would have greater importance for a company that markets laptop computers? Considering the MPI rankings, which de- veloping countries would you advise such a company to enter first? “crony capitalism,” using his command of the political system to favor the business enterprises of his support- ers and family. In the end, Suharto was overtaken by massive debts that Indonesia had accumulated during the 1990s. In 1997, the Indonesian economy went into a tailspin. The International Monetary Fund...
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...PETRONAS: A NATIONAL OIL COMPANY WITH AN INTERNATIONAL VISION BY DR. FRED R. VON DER MEHDEN RICE UNIVERSITY WITH AL TRONER ASIA PACIFIC ENERGY CONSULTING PREPARED IN CONJUNCTION WITH AN ENERGY STUDY SPONSORED BY THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY AND JAPAN PETROLEUM ENERGY CENTER RICE UNIVERSITY – MARCH 2007 THIS PAPER WAS WRITTEN BY A RESEARCHER (OR RESEARCHERS) WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE JOINT BAKER INSTITUTE/JAPAN PETROLEUM ENERGY CENTER POLICY REPORT, THE CHANGING ROLE OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES IN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY MARKETS. WHEREVER FEASIBLE, THIS PAPER HAS BEEN REVIEWED BY OUTSIDE EXPERTS BEFORE RELEASE. HOWEVER, THE RESEARCH AND THE VIEWS EXPRESSED WITHIN ARE THOSE OF THE INDIVIDUAL RESEARCHER(S) AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT THE VIEWS OF THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY NOR THOSE OF THE JAPAN PETROLEUM ENERGY CENTER. © 2007 BY THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY OF RICE UNIVERSITY THIS MATERIAL MAY BE QUOTED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT PRIOR PERMISSION, PROVIDED APPROPRIATE CREDIT IS GIVEN TO THE AUTHOR AND THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY ABOUT THE POLICY REPORT THE CHANGING ROLE OF NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES IN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY MARKETS Of world proven oil reserves of 1,148 billion barrels, approximately 77% of these resources are under the control of national oil companies (NOCs) with no equity participation by foreign, international oil companies. The Western international oil companies now control...
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...This paper seeks to look at Vietnam’s economy, financial sector, and political sector in respect to the textile industry. In an attempt to evaluate the feasibility of entering a foreign market, we focus our paper on a mid-sized company called Augusta Textile Company. This paper seeks to evaluate Vietnam’s potential for investment, particularly in the textile industry. While the company seeks to increase revenues and keep costs of production low, the company must look to expand to growing markets. However, various risks must be taken into consideration, as they can be great barriers to entry. The company looks to expand with the least financial risk, but greatest potential output and revenue. In evaluating the textile industry in Vietnam, as well as potential modes of entry, we may conclude a recommendation for Augusta Textile Industry’s future potential expansion. Introduction Country Basics Vietnam is formally known as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and is located in the South China Sea. It is the thirteenth most highly populated country in the world (Hossain, 2010). The current population of Vietnam is estimated at about 90.4 million (The Heritage Foundation, n.d.). There are 54 officially recognized ethnic groups in Vietnam, but the majority are Viet (also known as “Kinh”), comprising of about 86% of the total population. Other significant ethnic groups are the Tay, Thai, Muong, Khome, and Hoa. The vast majority of the Vietnamese population speaks the Vietnamese...
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...reductions in import tariffs and non-tariff measures (NTM) are larger for Malaysia relative to the other TPPA countries. According to The New York Times, economists are sharply split over the positive and negative effects of TPP, and both "opponents and supporters of the trade accord have quickly seized upon whichever analysis buttressed their own views. ECIPE has said in 2014 that TPP "will be the first ‘competing’ economic integration that is large enough to have a considerable negative impact on Europe. In the long-term, the negative effects will come from dynamic impact, e.g. on investment, productivity and competitiveness". Pascal Lamy called the TPP ‘the last of big old-style trade agreements’. It has said to be a negative impact on the oil and gas sector whose share of GDP is 12 per cent. PETRONAS stands to benefit very little from TPPA as 74 per cent of its exports are to non-TPPA Parties. INTRODUCTION Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) turn out to be a trade agreement that has been signed by twelve countries on 4 February 2016 in Auckland, New Zealand. This agreement has been signed after seven year of negotiation which not entered any force. This agreement contain about 30 chapters that claim to be about public policy. The countries that involve in this...
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...Doing Business in Vietnam: 2011 Country Commercial Guide for U.S. Companies INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT, U.S. & FOREIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 2011. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. • • • • • • • • • • Chapter 1: Doing Business in Vietnam Chapter 2: Political and Economic Environment Chapter 3: Selling U.S. Products and Services Chapter 4: Leading Sectors for U.S. Export and Investment Chapter 5: Trade Regulations, Customs and Standards Chapter 6: Investment Climate Chapter 7: Trade and Project Financing Chapter 8: Business Travel Chapter 9: Contacts, Market Research and Trade Events Chapter 10: Guide to Our Services Return to table of contents Chapter 1: Doing Business in Vietnam • • • • Market Overview Market Challenges Market Opportunities Market Entry Strategy Return to top Market Overview • Vietnam is a true emerging market, offering ground floor and growing opportunities for U.S. exporters and investors. Vietnam’s economic growth rate has been among the highest in the world in recent years, expanding at an average about 7.2 percent per year during the period 2001-2010, while industrial production grew at an average of about 12 percent per year during the same period. Vietnam registered GDP growth rate of 6.7 percent in 2010 and was one of only a handful of countries around the world to experience such levels of economic growth. Moving forward, inflation remains a main risk to Vietnam’s economy, which the Government...
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...Project Report – Semester 01 2013 Nguyen Dinh Dung S3310053 Le Thanh Phuong S3312704 Hong Phuong Linh S3312414 Truong Chanh Hung S3311779 Luong Huynh Thanh Long S3245909 Nguyen Ngoc Tuan S3259247 Red Devils - Suhor Anuar – Group 2 4/28/2013 RMIT International University Vietnam Bachelor of Commerce Program Assignment Cover Page Subject Code: | ACCT2118 | Subject Name: | INDUSTRY PROJECT | Location & Campus (SGS or HN) where you study: | RMIT Vietnam | Title of Assignment:(In the form of a question) | Project Presentation | Team Name | Red Devils | Student names & Student numbers: | Nguyen Dinh Dung S3310053 Le Thanh Phuong S3312704 Hong Phuong Linh S3312414 Truong Chanh Hung S3311779Luong Huynh Thanh Long S3245909 Nguyen Ngoc Tuan S3259247 | Lecturer and Group number: | Suhor Anuar – Group 2 | Assignment due date: | Thursday, 09 May, 2013 | Date of Submission: | Thursday, 09 May, 2013 | Late Submission Approval: | | Number of pages including this one: | | Word Count:(Main Content – excluding appendices) | | Table of Contents Assignment Cover Page 2 Table of Contents 3 I. PROJECT OVERVIEW 3 II. SUMMARY OF PROBLEMS IDENTIFICATION 3 1) Problem 1: Dishonest employees 3 2) Problem 2: inconvenience of the gas station 3 3) Problem 3: Huge loss due to the high salary for the workforce 3 III. PROJECT OBJECTIVES 3 IV. ANALYSIS & DIAGNOSIS 3 1) Problem 1: Dishonest...
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