...Factors 23 SWOT ANALYSIS 24 Strengths 24 Weaknesses 24 Opportunities 25 Threats 25 REFERENCES 26 Synopsis of Development and Growth of Shell Pakistan Shell Pakistan’s History The Shell brand name enjoys a 100-year history in the subcontinent region, dating back to 1899 when Asiatic Petroleum, the far eastern marketing arm of two companies: Shell Transport Company and Royal Dutch Petroleum Company began importing kerosene oil from Azerbaijan into the subcontinent. The documented history of Royal Dutch Shell plc in Indo_Pakistan subcontinent dates back to 1903 when partnership was struck between The Shell Transport & Trading Company and the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company to supply petroleum to Asia. In 1928, to enhance their distribution capabilities, the marketing interest of Royal Dutch Shell plc and the Burmah Oil Company Limited in India were merged and Burmah Shell Oil Storage & Distribution Company of India was born. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the name was changed to the Burmah Shell Oil Distribution Company of Pakistan. In 1970, when 51% of the shareholding was transferred to Pakistani investors, the name of changed to Pakistan Burmah Shell (PBS) Limited. The Shell and the Burmah Groups retained the remaining 49% in equal proportions. In February of 1993, as economic liberalization began...
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...I am working with Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited which is involved in Oil Refining and Marketing Business. BPCL is also making inroads in exploration i.e. upward integration. Oil and Gas being one of the strategic sectors from development as well as defense point of view and hence been largely controlled by the Indian government. Prior to independence only Multinational like Burma Shell, Caltex etc. were operating in India. Due to strategic importance M/s Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) for Oil refining and Marketing and Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) for Oil exploration were established by the Government. Later on in 1976, based on the experience in Indo China war, MNCs closed their operation and Bharat Petroleum Corporation (BPC) was formed by nationalization of Burma Shell and Hindustan Petroleum Corporation (HPC) by nationalization of Caltex Esso were established by the Government. In 1990s Government of India started inviting private sector in Oil Refining and Marketing and as a result Reliance Industries and Essar Oil limited established large capacities of Oil refining and started creating marketing network. Major products in Oil marketing are: * Motor spirit (Petrol), HSD (Diesel) & SKO * LPG * Aviation * Industrial Products * Lubricant In 1992, Government of India decontrolled lubricant business which gave entry to lot of international players to establish themselves in Indian market giving a tough competition to state players like...
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...“FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT” FINAL PROJECT: INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS SUBMITTED ON: 21.9.2014 SUBMITTED TO: Muhammed Ali Saeed SUBMITTED BY: Hira Saeed Amber Mirza Omer Khalid Yumna Fayyaz Maham Siddique Sidra Fawad Marium Zaman COMPANY INFORMATION FAUJI FERTILIZER COMPANY (FFC): Fauji Fertilizer Company Limited (FFC) is the largest chemical fertilizer producer of Pakistan with biggest market share in the country. It was established by the Fauji Fertilizer which holds a controlling interest. The company was listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange in 1991. Based on the exemplary dividends to the shareholders and other criteria of Karachi Stock Exchange, FFC has consistently remained in the list of top 25 best performing companies of Pakistan consecutively for 14 years since 1994. As a result of excellent performance over the years, the company's ranking in the Karachi Stock Exchange list of 25 companies improved from fifth position in 1995 to second in 1996, it was awarded the first position in 1997 and again second prize in 1998. As of 2007, the company is at the 5th position. DGK CEMENT (DGKC): DGKhan Cement Company Limited (DGKCC) was established under the management control of State Cement Corporation of Pakistan Limited (SCCP) in 1978 as private limited company. DGKCC started its commercial production...
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...Engro Chemical Pakistan Ltd. 40. Wah Noble Chemicals Ltd. 13. Fauji Fertilizer Bin Qasim Ltd. 41. Wyeth Pakistan Ltd. 14. Fauji Fertilizer Company Ltd. 42. Zulfeqar Industries Ltd. 15. Ferozsons Laboratories Ltd. 16. FFC Jordan Fertilizer Company Ltd. 1. Attock Petroleum Ltd. 17. Gatron Industries Ltd. 2. Attock Refinery Ltd. 18. Glaxo Smith Kline Pakistan Ltd. 3. Byco Petroleum Pakistan Ltd. 19. Highnoon Laboratories Ltd. 4. National Refinery Ltd. 20. I. C. I. Pakistan Ltd. 5. 21. Ittehad Chemicals Ltd. Oil Companies Advisory Committee (Formerly Pakistan Petroleum) 6. Pak Arab Refinery Ltd. 22. Leiner Pak Gelatine Ltd. 7. Pakistan Oilfields Ltd. 23. Linde Pakistan Ltd. (Formerly BOC Pakistan) 8. Pakistan Petroleum Ltd. 24. Lotte Pakistan PTA Ltd. 9. Pakistan Refinery Ltd. 25. Mandviwalla Maser & Plastic Industries Ltd. 10. Pakistan State Oil (PSO) 26. Nimir Industrial Chemical Ltd. 11. Shell Gas Lpg (Pakistan) Ltd. 27. Nimir Resins Ltd. 12. Shell Pakistan Ltd. Otsuka Pakistan Ltd. Pak Chem (Previously Pakistan Gum & Chemical Ltd) Pakistan Chemmical & Dyes Merchants...
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...Petroleum refers to the hydrocarbon compounds of crude oil and natural gas that are found in the underground rock formations Reservoirs are generally thousands of feet below the surface and are made up of the remains of small marine plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. Petroleum may also seep to the earth’s surface along fault lines and cracks Petroleum refers to both crude oil and natural gas Modern uses of petroleum and its byproducts include: Transportation fuels (gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and compresses natural gas) Heating Fuels (Propane, heating oil and natural gas) Electric Generation fuels such as natural gas and fuel oil Manufactured products such as plastics and building materials. Crude oil refers to unrefined hydrocarbon mixtures produced from underground reservoirs that are liquid at atmospheric pressure and temperature Classified as either light or heavy depending on the density of the mixture Density is measured in API gravity Heavy crude oil has more of the longer, larger hydrocarbon molecules (greater density) Difficult to produce and transport to market; more expensive to process; weighs more but sells for less Natural Gas refers to hydrocarbon mixtures that are NOT liquid but gaseous at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature. Natural Gas is largely methane, which is a clear, odorless gas. It has the smallest natural hydrocarbon molecule (CH4). Natural Gas mare also contain some of the larger hydrocarbon molecules commonly...
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...4.2.5 Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty This section describes the critical judgements that the Group has made in the process of applying the accounting policies. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European Union (EU). The accounting policies applied by the group also comply with IFRS as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). This means that we are required to make estimates and assumptions. We believe that, of the company's significant accounting policies (see note 2 - Significant accounting policies to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report), the following may involve a greater degree of judgement and complexity, which in turn could materially affect the net income if various assumptions were changed significantly. Critical judgements in applying accounting policies The following are the critical judgements, apart from those involving estimations (see below), that the Group has made in the process of applying the accounting policies and that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements: Revenue recognition - gross versus net presentation of traded SDFI volumes of oil and gas production As described under Transactions with the Norwegian State (see note 2 - Significant accounting policies to our Consolidated Financial Statements included...
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...milestones and the government has decided to bestow the “Maharatna” status with increased empowerments and distinctly higher status as a premier Public Sector Undertaking. The company has recorded the highest Net Profit of Rs. 189,240 million. ONGC recorded highest ever production of 62.05 million ton of oil and equivalent gas (MMTOE). For the reporting year 2010-11. This represents a growth of 12% in both turnover and net worth and 13% in net profit over FY-2010. The company continued to pursue its growth strategy despite the fact that global economy was in shambles and the oil industry had been at crossroads since later half of 2008. The growth vehicle of ONGC, “ONGC VIDESH LTD.” With 40 projects in 15 countries sourced 8.87 MTOE of oil and gas in FY 2010: the highest ever. Beyond core activities of E&P, the company’s efforts towards new gas sources are also laudable. CBM production from the pilot Parbatpur, Jharia project has started in January 2010. Environmental clearance from UCG pilot project at Vatsan, Gujarat has also been obtained. The company has also taken lead in the exploration of shale gas in the country by launching an integrated pilot shale gas project in Damodar valley . The value multiplier projects in the areas of power, petrochemicals, SEZ are at different stages of completion and all of these projects are scheduled to be commissioned during 2012/2013. For all these endeavors, the company has created for systematic and required investment...
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...Earnings Management Study Oil & Gas Industry Abstract This study mainly focused on the earnings management in oil and gas industry and we used Jones model to detect discretionary accruals in the subject companies. Specifically, we examined three oil and gas sample companies that have been required to restate their financial reports due to the oil reserve overestimation. After running the regression and comparing statistics with other oil and gas companies, we found that the sample companies do revise oil reserves to manipulate the DDA expenses, thus achieving their goals of earnings management. Some recommended auditing guidance to detect such manipulation were given at the end. Introduction/Assumption Earnings management, in accounting, is the act of intentionally influencing the process of financial reporting to obtain some private gain. Earnings management involves the manipulation of company earnings towards a pre-determined target. This target can be motivated by a preference for more stable earnings, in which case management is said to be carrying out income smoothing. Management may also overstate the income for personal interests. Other possible motivations for earnings management include the need to maintain the levels of certain accounting ratios due to debt covenants, boost earnings to beat analyst targets, or intentionally understate the earnings to get rid of the...
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...Accounting is a common thread which unites even the smallest neighborhood business with an organization identified as a Fortune 500 company. Every company, regardless of size or mode of operation, needs to support this function. If accounting is so universal, then, how do companies involved in diverse industries with unique processes prepare their books in the same manner? Well, there exist a common set of standards for entities to follow, but there are also standards specific to organizations in certain industries. One particular sector which has its own considerations encompasses those organizations which operate within the oil and gas industry. With that said, one particular area worth discussing relates to how outlays are accounted for when they are incurred for the purpose of locating sites where oil and gas can be found and then transforming those resources into marketable products. “Companies involved in the exploration and development of crude oil and natural gas have the option of choosing between two accounting approaches: the ‘successful efforts’ (SE) method and the ‘full cost’ (FC) method.” (Investopedia) The main issue which these techniques address is whether or not such outflows can be capitalized or need be treated as expenses on the income statement. As the FASB Accounting Standards Codification only addresses the successful efforts method, it will receive the primary focus in this paper. The name “successful efforts” gives an indication as to how...
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...international oil and gas company also involved in chemicals and new energies. TOTAL is the fifth largest publicly traded international oil and gas company in the world. It employs nearly 100,000 people in over 130 countries. In 2012 alone it saw sales of over 200 billion Euro. It first began drilling in the middle-east but now has production of oil and gas in 30 different countries. Its drilling activities produce about 2.3 million barrels of oil per day supplying 14,725 service stations. TOTAL is organized into three business segments: Upstream, Refining and Chemicals and Marketing and Services. Upstream includes oil exploration and production as well as activities involving natural gas and new energies such as solar power and biomass. Refining and Chemicals compromises refining, petrochemicals, base chemicals, fertilizer, specialty chemicals and oil and gas trading and shipping activities. Marketing and Services covers the supply and marketing of petroleum products as well as new energies. TOTAL’S APPROACH TOTAL’s financial statements are presented in EUROS and have been prepared on the basis of International Financial Reporting Standards. TOTAL’s financial reporting is in complete accordance with IFRS accounting standards in nearly all aspects of its financial statements. There are also a few accounting maneuvers conducted by TOTAL that have yet to be covered by IFRS. The following are a few ways they are in accordance with IFRS as well as two accounting assumptions made...
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...October 19, 2013 Prepared by: Yuehan Zhang (Stefanie) Reviewed by: Professor Robert Elya ISSUE: Accounting for Energy Inc.’s environmental obligations, income tax and install smoke filters. BRIEF BACKGROUND OF COMPANY Energy Inc. (Energy) is a public company that operates in the oil industry. As of December 31, 2011, Energy recognized $ billion in revenue for the sale. Sometimes, Energy’s operations result in soil contamination and Energy should clean up this contamination when legislation requiring under the laws of the particular country. In addition, Energy has a widely published environmental policy in which it undertakes clean up all contamination that it causes. Energy is currently involved in environmental obligations, such as clean up the lands. ACCOUNTING QUESTIONS 1. Does Energy recognizes and accrues the liability of clean up costs in this year? What is the accounting treatment? 2. Is Energy has the obligations to undertake soil remediation in Dirty country? What is the accounting treatment for this operation in Dirty country? 3. What is the accounting treatment for new income tax? What is the accounting treatment for training employees? 4. Does Energy have obligations to install smoke filters this year? What is the accounting treatment for installing smoke filters in Energy’s factories next year? SUMMARY CONCLUSION ON ACCOUNTING QUESTIONS 1. Energy should recognize and accrue the liability of clean up lands in this year. Energy...
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...The US Congress in 2002, set out to change the way companies report their financial situation and accounting practices. Congress believed in order to restore consumer confidence, strict accounting and reporting regulations were called for. Congress wanted the financial picture of a company to be more transparent to the consumer, thus the Public Company Accounting Reform and Investors Act of 2002 was past, more popularly known as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, (SOX). (Bainbridge, 2007). SOX has revolutionized the way publicly traded companies are required to report their financials. Companies are required to have not only internal auditors but external auditors as well. (Bainbridge, 2007). A study conducted by Professor Joseph Carcello, of the University of Tennessee and Assoc. Professor Albert Nagy of John Carroll University, suggests that the external auditors do not necessarily have to be short term auditors, they found “no relationship between long auditor tenure and fraudulent financial reporting”. (Carcello and Nagy, 2004). This is good news for companies, in that the financial reporting can be conducted with less cost to the companies. If new auditors were used at each financial reporting stage, the costs of the new auditor were increase due to the auditor having to become familiar with the company and its accounting practices. The cost of SOX is not cheap, for larger companies the implementation can cost upwards of $35 million in one year alone. William D. Zollars, CEO...
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...Analyses and Benchmarking ………………………………………….. 5 4.4 Accounting Standards ………………………………………………………. 5 4.5 Common size Income Statement …………………………………………. 6 4.6 Benchmarking with Financial Ratios ………………………………………. 7 4.7 Business Segments ……………………………………………………………. 19 4.0 Issues ……………………………………………………………………………………. 22 5.0 Recommendations ………………………………………………………………… 23 6.0 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………... 24 7.0 References …………………………………………………………………………... 25 Appendices Appendix 1 – Key Financial Data for COP, XOM and CVX Appendix II – Financial Ratios 1.0 Executive Summary ConocoPhillips has grown into the 3rd largest Integrated Oil and Gas Company in the US ever since the merger of Conoco and Phillips Petroleum in 2002. Since then, its market capitalization has grown 5 times to US$ 101 Bil with an asset base of US$155 Bil. This report provides an insight to the Board of Directors of the financial performance of ConocoPhillips since 2002 and will be benchmarked against competitors in the industry to give a cross sectional analysis. Whilst the growth of ConocoPhillips has been impressive over the last 10 years, earnings have not performed according to its peers in the industry. During this period, the Company had reported several impairments to its major assets and its earnings were eroded by the volatility of the crude oil and natural gas prices. These results have also unfolded some new challenges...
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...Marathon Oil Corporation is an integrated international energy company engaged in exploration and production; oil sands mining; integrated gas; and refining, marketing, and transportation (Marathon Oil Corporation, 2009). The key to optimizing production and resource development is quick and accurate description of oil and gas reservoirs (Marathon Oil Corporation, 2009). For crude oil to be processed into gasoline, diesel fuel, and other petroleum products, it takes about four to eight days (Marathon Petroleum Company, 2009). The benefits of these reservoirs are higher success rates in discovery, drilling, and production activities (Marathon Oil Corporation, 2009). Also, the expertise of Marathon in reservoir characterization begins with seismic imaging, but it emphasizes integration of all geoscience, petrophysical, and engineering data into fully integrated solutions (Marathon Oil Corporation, 2009). Finally, the technology strategy of Marathon is focused on providing technical services that maximize the value of existing assets, develops and applies technology that enables access to new resources, and invests in emerging technologies that address challenges facing the energy industry (Marathon Oil Corporation, 2009). Discuss the relationship between the retail price of gasoline and the price of crude oil. The price a convenience store customer pays for a gallon of gas is dependent upon a number of factors including the cost of crude oil; the wholesale commodity...
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...Business Analysis III - Anadarko Petroleum Corporation Leonard VanBerkel MGT/521 October 15, 2012 Kirk Davis Business Analysis III - Anadarko Petroleum Corporation Anadarko Petroleum Corporation (Anadarko); head office in The Woodlands, Texas, employees 4,800 people and is a Fortune 500 company with recorded revenues of $13.967 billion for fiscal year ending 2011. This represented an increase of 28% over 2010. Anadarko posted record sales volume in 2011. Contrasted against Anadarko is Exxon, which had reported revenues over the same period of $452.926 billion and was ranked number one for most profitable companies, realizing profits of $41.060 billion (CNNMoney, 2012). Anadarko is ranked 192nd whereas Exxon is ranked 1st. The most glaring difference financially between the two companies is not just the large revenue gap, but the difference in profitability. Despite achieving record sales numbers and double digit growth, Anadarko recorded a net loss of $2.649 billion for fiscal year ending 2011 (CNNMoney, 2012). There are a large number of companies in the petroleum industry that realized large profits on varying degrees of revenues in 2011, yet Anadarko showed large losses. The question that arises is why did Anadarko lose money, while so many other companies in the same industry were profitable? A SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis has been performed on Anadarko to determine if it is worth investing in this company, or consider it another casualty...
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