...Sub Optimization Definition: “The result of different departments each attempting to reach a solution that is optimum for that department” (Stevenson, 2015). Unfortunately, the sub-optimization process does not always adhere to the principle “the whole is more important than the sum of its parts”. Sub optimization occurs when different departments each attempt to reach a solution that is optimal for that department, but that may not be optimum for the organization as a whole. This type of policy can actually do more harm than good. When one department is delivering faster than another department can handle this could cause what is known as a “bottleneck” in the process, which may result in lost profits and customers. “This is a typical effect of sub-optimization. If you only optimize one step in your value creation process it can deliver things faster than the rest of the organization can deal with. Either that part runs dry on input or the output of that part floods subsequent process steps. Make sure that no one department produces more than the department with the least capacity (the bottleneck) can handle” (Marschall, 2011). In the management book “The Goal, Eliyahu Goldratt gives the example of a decision to make machining centers in a factory more efficient by increasing the amount of metal taken off with each pass of the cutting tool. However, Increasing the amount of metal taken off on each pass made the parts brittle, which necessitated heat-treating. The...
Words: 400 - Pages: 2
...DECISION MODELING DECISION WITH WITH MICROSOFT EXCEL MICROSOFT Linear Optimization Linear Optimization A constrained optimization model takes the form of a constrained performance measure to be optimized over a range of feasible values of the decision variables. The feasible values of the decision variables are determined by a set of inequality constraints. constraints Values of the decision variables must be chosen such that the inequality constraints are all satisfied while either maximizing or minimizing the desired performance variable. These models can contain tens, hundreds, or thousands of decision variables and constraints. Linear Optimization Very efficient search techniques exist to optimize constrained linear models. constrained These models are historically called linear programs linear (LP). In this chapter we will: 1. Develop techniques for formulating LP models 2. Give some recommended rules for expressing LP models in a spreadsheet that facilitates application of Excel’s Solver 3. Use Solver to optimize spreadsheet LP models Formulating LP Models Every linear programming model has two important features: Objective Function Constraints A single performance measure to be maximized or minimized (e.g., maximize profit, minimize cost) Constraints are limitations or requirements on the set of allowable decisions. Constraints may be further classified into physical, economic, or policy limitations or ...
Words: 4037 - Pages: 17
...Mathematical Optimization: Models, Methods and Applications Final Assignment 06-11-2015 Rasmus pages / 13.137 characters (including spaces) | Part 1 General about part 1 The purpose with this part is to analyze a Single-Sourcing Problem (SSP). A Single-Sourcing Problem of course both has benefits and risks, but I will discuss that furthermore through the assignment. During the assignment I will try to discuss and comment on everything that I do. My code and the answers I receive from www.neos-server.org can be seen in my appendices. (i) In the first question in part 1, I am asked to solve the SSP using the data in Figure 1. We have 4 facilities and 30 customers. In Figure 1 the demand of each customer is also given, and of course I will have to satisfy this. Therefore this will become one of my constraints. It is also known that each facility has a capacity, and of course this will become a constraint as well. Because it is a SSP problem, we are also given the information that each customer has to be served by exactly one facility. When a facility delivers one unit to a customer it faces a cost. The purpose with the first question is to minimize the cost that the facility faces delivering the units. I will now show what the problem looks like: Minimizexi=1mj=1nai,j dj xi,j subject to j=1ndj xi,j≤ci , i=1,…,m i=1m xi,j=1 , j=1,…,n x∈0,1, i=1,…,m , j=1,…, n Now I have formulated the problem, and I will now use a Mixed Integer Linear Programming solver...
Words: 5806 - Pages: 24
...Deterministic Optimization Homework 1 Deadline : 27 Sept 2015 Problem 1 (40 Points). A wine Company produces two kinds of wine Nectar and Red. The wines are produced from 64 tons of grapes the company has acquired this season. A 1,000-gallon batch of Nectar requires 4 tons of grapes, and a batch of Red requires 8 tons. However, production is limited by the availability of only 50 cubic yards of storage space for aging and 120 hours of processing time. A batch of each type of wine requires 5 cubic yards of storage space. The processing time for a batch of Nectar is 15 hours, and the processing time for a batch of Red is 8 hours. Demand for each type of wine is limited to seven batches. The profit for a batch of Nectar is $9,000, and the profit for a batch of Red is $12,000. The company wants to determine the number of 1,000-gallon batches of Nectar and Red to produce in order to maximize profit. a Formulate a linear programming model for this problem. b Solve this model by using graphical analysis. c How much processing time will be left unused at the optimal solution? d What would be the effect on the optimal solution of increasing the available storage space from 50 to 60 cubic yards? Problem 2 (60 Points). A manufacturing firm into two products. Each product may undergo three processes (assembly, finishing and packing). The firm has 2400 hours available for assembly and 800 hours for finishing,and 1200 hours for packing. Each unit of product 1 has a profit of $5...
Words: 376 - Pages: 2
...studied mathematical formulas that would allow me to find the optimal solution. In this paper, I will use both linear optimization and goal programming to take a number of sets of data to analyze and discover the optimal use of various constraints of resources. The paper will be divided into three different sections with a specific method applied in the first two sections, and a final section to describe the possible errors in the solutions presented in the prior two sections. In the first section, I will use linear optimization to take various sets of resources and distribute them appropriately among various products to find the best allocation to achieve maximum revenues. Linear optimization is the name of a branch of applied mathematics that deals with solving optimization problems of a particular form.1 Put simply, linear programming is finding the best outcome possible using a linear mathematical model. The constraints are linear inequalities of the variables used in the cost function. This method is the best available and of the most use given the present goal of achieving the maximum revenue possible for the company. In the second section, I will use goal programming to take into account the second set of constraints that faces many companies—labor. Since ALDI was a private company that sold its 1 Schulze, Mark A. "Linear programming for optimization." Perceptive Scientific Instruments, Inc (1998). 3 own manufactured products, I also had to study the labor that was...
Words: 3424 - Pages: 14
...Practice Problem Set 3 for Econ 4808: Optimization A. Unconstrained Optimization (Note: In each optimization problem, check the second-order condition.) 1. Consider the function: y = 2 x2. a. Determine the average rate of change of the function in the closed interval [1,4] of the argument. b. Determine whether the function is concave or convex, using geometric test and a specific value of ( = 0.3. c. Do the concavity/convexity test using the derivative conditions. 2. Consider the function: y = 2x. a. Determine the average rate of change of the function in the closed interval [1,4] of the argument. b. Determine whether the function is concave or convex, using geometric test and a specific value of ( = 0.3. c. Do the concavity/convexity test using the derivative conditions. 3. Use the derivative condition to test whether the function y = 8 + 10x - x2 is concave or convex over the domain [0,7]. 4. In a cross-country study of the relationship between income per-capita (Y) and pollution (S), Grossman and Krueger estimate a cubic relationship as S = 0.083Y3 - 2.2Y2 + 13.5Y + X, where X represents other factors not linked to income. For this exercise, consider X as a fixed quantity for a country. Identify and characterize the extreme values of this function. 5. In the model of perfect competition, all firms are price-takers since they treat price (P) as a market-determined constant. Assume that P = 12. A firm's total revenue (TR) function is TR(Q)...
Words: 2519 - Pages: 11
...Office Hours Office Location Office Phone Email Web Address Number of Credits ETC Credit Prerequisites Language ONUR KAYA W 14:00-16:00 ENG 206 1583 okaya@ku.edu.tr 3 6 INDR. 262 English Assistant TA/RA/Lab Assistant Name AYLİN LELİZAR POLAT GÜLÇİN ERMİŞ Email aypolat@ku.edu.tr gulermis@ku.edu.tr Office Hours Office Location Course Description Introduction to modeling with integer variables and integer programming; network models, dynamic programming; convexity and nonlinear optimization; applications of various optimization methods in manufacturing, product design, communications networks, transportation, supply chain, and financial systems. Course Objectives The course is designed to teach the concepts of optimization models and solution methods that include integer variables and nonlinear constraints. Network models, integer, dynamic and nonlinear programming will be introduced to the students. Students will be exposed to applications of various optimization methods in manufacturing, product design, communications networks, transportation, supply chain, and financial systems. Several different types of algorithms will also be presented to solve these problems. The course also aims to teach how to use computer programs such as Matlab and GAMS to solve mathematical models. Learning Outcomes Students are expected to model real life problems using mathematical models including integer variables and nonlinear equations. Students will be able to apply...
Words: 768 - Pages: 4
...com/locate/apthermeng Optimization of heat exchanger network Mofid Gorji-Bandpy, Hossein Yahyazadeh-Jelodar, Mohammadtaghi Khalili* Noshirvani University of Technology, P.O. Box 484, Babol, Iran a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 6 September 2010 Accepted 26 October 2010 Available online 2 November 2010 Keywords: Heat exchanger network (HEN) Optimization Genetic algorithm Pinch Analysis Method Mathematical Optimization Method Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) a b s t r a c t In this paper, a new method is presented for optimization of heat exchanger networks making use of genetic algorithm and Sequential Quadratic Programming. The optimization problem is solved in the following two levels: 1- Structure of the optimized network is distinguished through genetic algorithm, and 2- The optimized thermal load of exchangers is determined through Sequential Quadratic Programming. Genetic algorithm uses these values for the determination of the fitness. For assuring the authenticity of the newly presented method, two standard heat exchanger networks are solved numerically. For representing the efficiency and applicability of this method for the industrial issues, an actual industrial optimization problem i.e. Aromatic Unit of Bandar Imam Petrochemistry in Iran is verified. The results indicate that the proposed multistage optimization algorithm of heat exchanger networks is better in all cases than those obtained using traditional optimization methods such as Pinch...
Words: 4334 - Pages: 18
...What is Search Engine Optimization (SEO)? Search engine optimization (SEO) is the process and actions taken to improve the visibility of a website or a web page in a search engine's. these processes to optimize the visibility of your website are unpaid results—and referred to as "natural," "organic," or "earned" results. Overall, the higher your website appears on the results page, the more visitors it will receive from the search engine's users. SEO target different kinds of search, for example image search, local search, and video search. Why do website need SEO? * SEO Brings Your Business Traffic * SEO Provides Your Business Credibility * SEO Have the Best ROI’s for marketing your business The majority of web traffic is driven by the major commercial search engines, Google, Bing, and Yahoo! By optimizing your websites keywords it will result with your website becoming higher up on the organic result page, which in turn creates more visits to your site and potentially create more business. Searchers subconsciously rank your business with the terms they enter in search engines and your organic placement on the results page, they may not realize it, but they do. In the minds of consumers, your placement on the result place gives the business credibility. SEO is a better form of advertising than other advertising tools because allows you to market to people when they are looking for the products and services your business provides and for the most part its...
Words: 422 - Pages: 2
...www.e-prithibi.com বইটি সম্পূর্ণ টবনামূল্ে ডাউনল্াড ও বন্ধুল্ের সাল্ে ল্লয়ার করা যাল্ব এটি a4 সাইজ এর,চাইল্ সহল্জই টিন্ি করল্ে পারল্বন । েল্ব অবশ্যই বইল্য়র সম্পূনণ অংল করল্ে হল্ব। উৎসর্ণ “পৃটেবীর সব মা-বাবা ল্ক ,যারা আমাল্ের মে সন্তানল্ের জন্য আমরন কষ্ট কল্র যান “ www.e-prithibi.com “ , , Paid SEO ( ) ,SEO , SEO Starter Guide > ) ”--পােণ সারটে কর www.e-prithibi.com ( - টক ? টকভাল্ব করল্বন ? www.e-prithibi.com সার্চ ইঞ্জিন অঞ্জিভাইজেশন ঞ্জি ? www.e-prithibi.com (SEO) , Organic Natural (Keyword) “Play Online Game” . , https://adwords.google.co.uk/select/KeywordToolExternal : HTML title title , “description” meta , On Page Optimization www.e-prithibi.com : PageRank , PR – http://toolbar.google.com : (BackLink) , , : , : Signature : www.e-prithibi.com : : (SEO) “ (On-page SEO) ” ) “title” HTML , HTML www.e-prithibi.com “description” HTML , title description description description ) URL www.e-prithibi.com , description URL URL ID http://yoursite.com?category_id=1&product_id=2 http://yoursite.com/books/book-title URL URL breadcrumb , - Home > Products > Books , HMLT XML “ ” http://www.google.com/webmasters/tools http://code.google.com/p/googlesitemapgenerator www.e-prithibi.com 404 404 “404 File Not Found” ) ...
Words: 462 - Pages: 2
...Search Engine Optimization Name Institution Affiliation Course Tutor Date Search Engine Optimization The World Wide Web has in the modern world become so vital in the sharing and connection of files and documents on the internet (Johnson, 2014). Because of the millions of files and documents available on the World Wide Web, programs have been developed to help users in their search for documents on the internet (Rohan, 2014). A program that locates and identifies documents on the World Wide Web that match keywords specified by the user is called a search engine. Popular examples of search engines include Google, Yahoo!, and MSN Search. After conducting a search, the engine displays websites that contain documents marching the keywords typed by the user with the most relevant at the top. The websites that appear at the top do so because of a technique known as search engine optimization (SEO). This technique assists search engines to identify and rank higher particular websites than numerous others in response to a search query. SEO involves writing pages that use keywords that are in regular use by people in searches (Rohan, 2014). Website owners use SEO in order to acquire quality results within search engines that are frequented by users, and this is in a bid to increase traffic to their websites. Designing and optimizing a site in a manner that it attains the highest search rankings is what SEO entails. The use of SEO is the cheapest as compared...
Words: 451 - Pages: 2
...Search engine optimization, also known as SEO, is about making one’s business instantly viewable when searched online in an engine such as Google. The more that a website is shopped on or clicked on by consumers, the higher up it is in the search results. This can also be based on relevance, of course, so using keywords and phrases is important for site owners when first establishing their website. SEO is basically a way of providing organic results in search engines like Google, Yahoo, and Bing, to allow consumers to the seemingly best result (“What is SEO/Search Engine Optimization?”). Social media has become a huge part of society in recent years, even though one of the first social media sites was created in 1997, called Six Degrees (“The History of Social Media”). Since then, it has evolved, but it still remains as a way for users to share, view, and connect via online. Top social media sites at the moment include Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube. All are similar platforms, allowing users to create content, whether that be a picture, video, their thoughts or opinions, or simply a response to someone else’s content. Facebook is status (post about thoughts), picture, and message based, Twitter is status based with a lot of sharing of ideas, Instagram is photo based, and YouTube is video based (“The History of Social Media). Today, the presence on social media and the SEO reflects on a business in a huge way. Social media users can and do post their opinions and...
Words: 1209 - Pages: 5
...Meta Tags Optimization XIAOCHEN ZHAO Content relevant to the analysis Our goal is to attract and help more people to find our website so that we could increase the number of our potential customers. Here’re all the pages that might be relevant and helpful for achieving our goal. http://suabroad.syr.edu/index.html(home page) http://suabroad.syr.edu/interestedstudents/ (interested students) -/interestedstudents/infosessions.html (info session) http://suabroad.syr.edu/programs/ (search programs) -/destinations/summer/index.html (summer programs) -/programs/bysubject.html (by subject) http://suabroad.syr.edu/dest/ (destinations)r The meta description tags allows you to show description of your website under the clickable link on a search engines. Although it might not be displayed by search engines every time, it is still a good way to tell your audience what your website is mainly about. Suabroad didn’t have any of these. It is not good when you find the links of suabroad, and it only shows you” SU Abroad will not be open Monday, Dec. 26-Monday, Jan. 2. There will be no mail service to SU Abroad during this time; please plan accordingly”. This definitely will make some potential audience lose their patience if they just have gone through hundreds of similar pages of this kind. So adding descriptions to content- relevant pages is the step to do meta tag optimization. The Meta Keywords Tag will not guarantee the high page ranking. However, well usage of keywords...
Words: 1536 - Pages: 7
...Management & EBusiness Search engine optimization 4/21/2012 Apr.21 SEO Search engine optimization (SEO) Search engine optimization (SEO) is the process of improving the visibility of a website or a web page in search engines' "natural," or un‐paid ("organic" or "algorithmic"), search results. In general, the earlier (or higher ranked on the search results page), and more frequently a site appears in the search results list, the more visitors it will receive from the search engine's users. SEO may target different kinds of search, including image search, local search, video search, academic search, news search and industry‐specific vertical search engines. As an Internet marketing strategy, SEO considers how search engines work, what people search for, the actual search terms or keywords typed into search engines and which search engines are preferred by their targeted audience. Optimizing a website may involve editing its content and HTML and associated coding to both increase its relevance to specific keywords and to remove barriers to the indexing activities of search engines. Promoting a site to increase the number of back links, or inbound links, is another SEO tactic. The acronym "SEOs" can refer to "search engine optimizers," a term adopted by an industry of consultants who carry out optimization projects on behalf of clients, and by employees who perform SEO services in‐house. Search engine optimizers may offer SEO as a stand‐alone service or as a part of a ...
Words: 849 - Pages: 4
...Telecommunication Engineering Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India * Center of Excellence for Quantifiable Quality of Service, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway ajith.abraham@ieee.org Abstract This paper describes a method for improving the final accuracy and the convergence speed of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) by adapting its inertia factor in the velocity updating equation and also by adding a new coefficient to the position updating equation. These modifications do not impose any serious requirements on the basic algorithm in terms of the number of Function Evaluations (FEs). The new algorithm has been shown to be statistically significantly better than four recent variants of PSO on an eight-function test-suite for the following performance matrices: Quality of the final solution, time to find out the solution, frequency of hitting the optima, and scalability. 1. Introduction The concept of particle swarms, although initially introduced for simulating human social behavior, has become very popular these days as an efficient means of intelligent search and optimization. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) [1, 2], does not require any gradient information of the function to be optimized, uses only primitive mathematical operators and is conceptually very simple. PSO emulates the swarming behavior of insects, animals herding, birds flocking and fish schooling, where these swarms forage for food in a collaborative manner...
Words: 4201 - Pages: 17
