...Introduction Organization theory is the study of organizations to identify problem solving technics, increase productivity and achieving the goals of stakeholders. There are four perspectives of organization theory namely modern, symbolic-interpretive, critical and postmodern perspectives. In this essay, we will look into organizations from a modern and critical perspective and through it; develop an in-depth understanding of a detailed analysis on how power, control and resistance play a part in an organization. In comparison to the two chosen perspectives, we will spot its similarities and differences by doing a compare and contrast analysis. The fundamentals of this will help us apply the perspectives and theory to Apple and its organizational environment. Theoretical Framework In order for us to do a comparison of the perspectives, we need to study the differences between epistemology and ontology to help us understand the modernism ways better. Ontology is concerned with what we perceived reality to be. Our assumption will decide on the subjects to be treated as real while disregarding others. These assumptions on whether or not a particular phenomenon exists or if it is just an illusion stirs debates between those who have conflicting perspectives. On the other hand, epistemology is concerned with knowledge that we are able to attain. The answers an epistemologist would want to derive from are are: how we as humans obtain the knowledge, how we differentiate between...
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...Theories of work organisation have gone through considerable changes in the last couple of decades. Describe what you believe to be the main changes and evaluate their importance in the changing world of business. (You may choose a particular industry or occupation to illustrate your argument). Introduction to the feminist movement: In an constantly evolving society, theories of work organisations have undergone drastic changes over the past few decades (Tosi 2009). Organisational theory developed from the work of Taylor and Weber (Reed & Ross-Smith 1994) along with the management theory of Mintzberg (Bartram 2005). The application of these concepts needed to change to reflect the desires and expectations of the current working demographic. The ‘highly visible’ (Stanley & Wise 2000) feminist or women’s movements, particularly in developed countries throughout the past century, have allowed women to enjoy substantially increased levels of equality and the ability to enter male-dominated occupations which their predecessors could not. Modern philosophers such as Foucault and de Saussure (Kelemen & Rumens 2008) have been considering one facet of ‘poststructuralism’ (Tosi 2009, p. 263), leading to a new stream of though on the implications of language interpretation. Modern poststructuralist feminists such as McNay and Weedon (as cited in Kelemen & Rumens 2008) have been debating ways in which to instigate and enhance a shift from a male-centric organisation compositions towards...
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...Organisational Theory Assignment Baruch Spinoza once said, “The highest activity a human can attain is learning for understanding, because to understand is to be free”. Spinoza quoting that understanding leads to freedom – emancipation – can be interpreted as a statement from the perspective of a critical theorist (Green 2004) and if left unchallenged this statement would prove absolute. However, using a modernist perspective it can be argued that understanding would lead to quantification (Hatch, 2006) that could in turn, lead to greater efficiency. Solely from referencing the two theories above and the 2 ways of looking at a single statement we can ascertain that a combination of perspectives gives us a greater understanding than a single perspective. This essay explores how using a multi perspective approach would provide the individual with a more comprehensive and well ronded understanding to organisations, an increased capacity to understand how to better embrace structure and its implications and the holistic simplification and explaination of cultural effects. It also brings to light the conflicting nature of these theories and its inherant biasness. The first advantage of using a multi-perspective approach to understanding an organisation would be that it provides us with a more comprehensive and well-rounded understanding to organisations. This greater understanding begins with the internalisation of the different perspective’s ontology and epistemology...
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...depends on how they utilise their influences. Nonetheless, subculture may impede the body and restrict communication of the organization, an issue named silos. It implies the employees in the strong organization subcultures being uncooperative and will lead to unproductivity. In order for managers to change their organization culture, first of all, they need to understand what kind of culture their companies are currently adopting and in which direction they would want to lead them to. Essentially, with a strong culture, an organization could generate higher productivity produced by their employees (Wilson M, 2014). Therefore, the discussion will cover Modernism and Symbolic Interpretive out of the four perspectives in organizational theory and analyse how these two perspectives are able to incorporate into organizational culture. According to Hatch and...
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...Mohamed Hassimiu Barrie 520 Quantitative Analysis September 16, 2012 Module 2 Answer to selecting two problems from my own experience, describing problems, the improving principle and the principle that I do not want to worsen. The scenario also wants me to make use of the Triz contradiction matrix to identify suggested principles to resolve the contradictions. As stated by economists, the desires of man are unlimited while the resources or means to satisfy these desires are limited in supply. This has been so since creation and it has never changed. Even though the world has advance nowadays through information technology and other new inventions, the desires of man keep advancing and complicating far above these inventions. The big companies are doing everything to satisfy the need of human beings but because of the complex nature of these needs they cannot be satisfied. The need to solve these ever ending problems of human beings have drive people to form organizations where people can come together with a common purpose to look at a specific problem and try to find solutions to them. For instance if we think about the common problems we face in our offices and our everyday life and how we strive to solve these problems, we will realize that life itself is about constantly finding solutions to ever ending problems. The important economic concepts of scarcity come into play here. By scarcity economics mean that the wants and desires of human beings are unlimited...
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...Explain how the organisational theory underpins the practice of management. Organisational theory is very important because when applied in practice it can influence the overall performance of organisations. It is a sociological study of formal organisations and their interrelationship with the environment in which they are operating. The study of organisational structure and culture; the different organisational theories and approaches to management; the different leadership styles and motivational theories – all of them have been developed over the past few centuries and they are still changing and upgrading so that managers can clearly understand their role in the organisation and to be able to respond adequately to various changes in order to gain business effectiveness and success. Management theory can be defined as a collection of ideas and general rules designed to help managers in their work. The theory of management helps managers to know and understand the goals of the organisation; it helps them in planning work in order to achieve these goals in the most effective and efficient way; it helps them to understand what motivates people and it shows them ways how to do it. There are various different management theories or approaches to management. The oldest once are called Classical theories. Representatives of the classical school are: M. Weber, F. Taylor, H. Gantt, Frank and Lillian Gilbert, M Follett, H Fayol, etc. The classical theories of management are dated...
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...Messages you've exchanged with rlaporter 2015-07-04 04:35:54 04:35:54, cesjh wrote: Hi brother Porter 'Long time don't see' what's up brother. It's been awhile since I sent you a one liner 2015-07-04 04:37:28 04:37:28, cesjh wrote: Let's be friends once again. You are my number one my chosen one 2015-07-06 14:15:33 14:15:33, cesjh wrote: Hi there When are we going to have proper chat? 2015-07-06 22:17:24 22:17:24, cesjh wrote: Are you on WhatsApp? 2015-07-22 19:56:12 19:56:12, cesjh wrote: Hi there brother Porter I am ready to run! Come to be my friend , team mate and business partner soon!! Make contact now to get our friendship really going again!!! I want to be with a loving human only. It's frightening to think that monsters are also trying to get their horrible bigey hands on myself. Uggggghh yuck! Absolutely no way!!!(Lol) Bogey hands I meant lol 2015-07-22 19:57:58 19:57:58, cesjh wrote: Can't wait to be with you my friend. We can be really great team mates for Jesus Let's get started pleasssssssee!!!!!! 2015-08-03 00:09:38 00:09:38, cesjh wrote: Hey Porter Have a nice day. 2015-08-03 00:27:40 00:27:40, cesjh wrote: Hi there Our convention is this weekend, 7th, 7th and 9th of August.Why not fly over. You are invited to be a listener only. Please call the British branch on [#] to get the address for the venue. It's the one in west Scotland UK. The Bogey men are not anymore 2015-08-03 17:29:17...
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...The Contributions of Management Theory and Practice to Emergency Management John C. Pine is the Director of the Disaster Science and Management, Professor-Research with the Department of Environmental Studies and Interim Chair of the Department of Geography and Anthropology at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, LA. (225) 578-1075 Email: jpine@lsu.edu httt://www.risk.lsu.edu Abstract This chapter takes a look at the impact that management theory and how the basic functions and practice of management as well as the role of the manager and approaches to management have contributed to the practice of emergency management. Current views of management theory stress the changing nature of the external environment and the need to understand and address these external forces for change. The contribution and role of systems theory and contingency theory to the emergency management process is stressed. Although some might view that we do not manage disasters, there is an overlap between the contribution of management theory and emergency management. Management theory stresses the need for effective planning to ensure that organizational goals are obtained. Emergency and crisis management emphasize that effective emergency response and recovery is based on good planning. Building sustainable organizations and communities is a common goal of both management and emergency management. Management and disaster-related issues and concerns along with strategies to improve...
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...Established in 1908, General Motors (GM), with its headquarters based in Detroit, Michigan was one of the world's largest automakers in the world. Their business operate in 140 countries with an employment of 204000 people, and together with their strategic allies, they produce cars and trucks in 34 countries (General Motors, 2010). However, in June 2009, GM filed for bankruptcy protection and reach out to U.S government for financial assistance (Taylor III, 2009). In this essay, a look will be taken at the nature of GM’s organizational structure such as its organizational design and how GM’s operation is conceptualized, as well as its existence as an organization. How GM and the environment affect each other will be discussed too. GM was born out as a conglomerate of firms (Bordenave & Lung 2003). From a multinational organization with a headquarter set in Detroit and unified products, design and manufacturing resources throughout its field of business, GM was quick in moving itself out to become a global organization whereby they valued diversity and flexibility to match with the changing pattern of opportunities and threats posed in the industry sector. They actually diverged from Ford’s monolithic structure, gained own corporate stability and shortly after, challenge Ford’s hegemony internally and globally (Bordenave & Lung 2003). A division of labour is set up, whereby production has been divided into different skills and tasks spread across countries (Hatch & Cunliffe...
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... The advantages of differing views on organisational culture theory: the benefits of a multiparadigm approach The purpose of this essay is to outline the advantages and disadvantages of robust debate surrounding the field of organisational culture. To achieve this, this essay presents the benefits of robust debate which has led to multiple paradigms surrounding the field of organisational culture within organisational theory. It will then be demonstrated how the effect of multiple paradigms produces various, ever improving research approaches, and different research methods which contribute insights that refute, support or extend current knowledge (Lewis & Kelemen 2002). When examined, these techniques provide a context for change within management practice using a multiparadigm approach. It has been observed by many researchers that a single paradigm is inevitably limiting when attempting to uncover certain facets within organisations and can obscure others (Schultz and Hatch 1996). The apparent discourse within organisational culture theory has exemplified organisational theory to the extent that Mingers and Brocklesby (1997) praised organisational studies for exemplifying and encouraging multiparadigm interests within other fields of research (e.g. physics, biology). The benefits of a multiparadigm approach is argued to offer a midpoint between the extremes of academic theory; this has been achieved in organisational culture by constructing consistent representations...
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...3102380 Course Code- IRHR 1001 Tutorial Group B6 Theory of Scientific Management An organisation’s success or failure is determined by the performance of its employees and how they are managed. There are a number of approaches by which the organisation can be managed, for e.g. the classical approach, the general administrative approach, the behavioural approach, the human relations approach etc. These approaches or theories form a solid foundation for action (Boddy 2002). According to Charles Handy(1993 cited in Mullins 2005), theories assist in the explanation of the past , which is helpful in comprehending the present and thus foreseeing the future, which leads to more influence on the future events and less disorder from the unexpected (Mullins 2005 ). One of the major theories which have played a vital role in increasing productivity and boosting an organisation’s performance is The Theory of Scientific Management. The major contributor for this theory is Frederick Taylor but this approach was later on promoted by a few eminent personalities like Henry Ford and Frank& Lillian Gilbreth and Henry Gantt. Though Taylor’s theory increased productivity, it was criticized later on and due to some of its features. But even today, application of some of his principles can be found in a few industries. Frederick Winslow Taylor who is famous for his theory of scientific management published his work, The Principle of Scientific Management in...
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...organizational theories are many and they are a mixture of various approaches to analyse an organization and the way it perform. One of these approaches is the classical organizational theory that is divided into two sub topics: the scientific management theory and the bureaucracy theory. The management at Trust Technology is adopting the classical scientific management theory in its operations. The management in the company considers that the scientific theory that is based on managing the workers in order to improve the production is the best solution for their scenario. Trust Technology is an 8 years old business that is classically focusing on the relation between the worker and the employer without any complex organizational management. After its third year, Trust Technology started to have more customers and hence the business started to expand. The number of workers increased and then more supervision and management strategies should be implemented at this case. It is important for companies to know what organizational theory approach to use in order to improve the companies productivity, and also what is more important is to know what kind of approach to take and when should the company take a step forward. After knowing the problem, the management in Trust Technology decided to move on to the bureaucracy theory of organization and divide the company into hierarchical tree of management and workers. Organizational Theory Definition Organizational theory is slightly a...
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...Unit 16: Human Resource Management in Business (10 Credits) Assessment Sheet Name: ……………………………………………………………………………… | | | | | |Assessment Criteria |Achieved | | | | | |Pass 1 |Describe the internal and external factors to consider when planning the human resource | | | |requirements of an organisation | | | | | | |Pass 2 |Describe how the skills that employees require to carry out jobs in an organisation are | | | |identified | | | | | | |Pass 3 |Outline how an organisation motivates it’s employees | | | | ...
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...Manchester Metropolitan Business School 2012/13 Academic Year Unit: International Business Theory and Practice (5Q5Z0047) Unit Leader Dr Sougand Golesorkhi ASSIGNMENT BRIEF Submission Date: Wednesday 23th January 2013 Weighting: 40% of the total mark for the Unit Form: The assignment should be prepared in the style of a formal Academic Paper Structure of the Academic Paper Abstract This is to summarise and highlight the main findings that include an evaluation of main points and suggestions of better alternatives, recommendations, policy and/or managerial implications. Theoretical background This section should contain an introduction, and a focused literature review relating to relevant themes and topics. It should also establish the theoretical framework in which the paper is situated. Empirical evidence and data analysis This section should start to develop the arguments that you wish to make. It will present and draw upon relevant case study materials and other appropriate forms of evidence and commentary. Data should support your arguments and highlight examples of theory in real-world practice. You should aim to explain the relevance (to the subject area and your line of argument) of any examples deployed. Interpretation and discussion This section provides an opportunity for you to expand upon your argument by analyzing and interpreting relevant data, evidence and commentary. Here you should compare various competing strands of argumentation...
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...there a failure in bringing research knowledge successfully into organisations? (Abbott, Walton, Tapia, & Greenwood, 1999) Along with the science-practice gaps identified by Rynes et al. (2002), a number of major changes occurring in the workplace over the last 10 years (e.g., increases in demographic diversity, changes in the nature of work, increases in outsourcing and downsizing, and skill shortages) suggest the need for HR practitioners to learn about new research findings that can assist in improving the management of HR. (Burke, Drasgow, & Edwards, 2004) There are numerous terms that can be used synonymously when talking about work psychology: industrial, applied, organisational, occupational and work psychology are all used interchangeably as well as related terms as industrial and organisational psychology and ergonomics. Due to historical reasons as well as ethnocentrism so many terms exists. In this essay the term applied psychology will be used. It is contrasted with pure psychology and it encompasses all psychology looking at the...
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