...“OD is an effort planned, organization-wide, and managed from the top to increase organization effectiveness and health through planned interventions in the organization’s “processes,” using behavioral science knowledge.” (Cummings & Worley, 2008). In other words, it is a systemwide application and transfer of behavioral science knowledge to the planned development, improvement, and reinforcement of the strategies, structures, and processes that lead to organization effectiveness. Organizational Development theories can be differentiated into two main categories: Change process theory i.e. How does change take place? and Implementation Theory i.e. How can change strategies be put into practice? Change process theory helps the managers to learn how organizations improve and change. According to Lewin, there are three distinct and vital stages of change. The first one is ‘unfreezing’, a reduction in the strength of old values, attitudes or behaviors. The second one is ‘moving’, a process of change in thoughts, feeling, behavior or all three, that is in some way more liberating or more productive. And the last one is ‘refreezing’, the stabilization of change at a new stage of equilibrium. Without refreezing it is easy to backslide into the old ways. Implementation theory concerned with how specific intervention strategies are designed and carried out. “An intervention is a set of sequenced and planned actions or events intended to help the organization increase its effectiveness...
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...Header: ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND CONSULTING Organizational Development and Consulting [Name of Writer] [Name of Organization] [Date] Organizational Development and Consulting Introduction With the rapid development of science and technology and the growth of research and development activities, the external environment of the organization has been remodeling. In order to help the organization to better adapt to this change, organizational development through the organization of the diagnosis, the action and the outcome of such a diagnosis - improved cycle, deep-seated, long-term organizational change. Organizational development is not only caused by the change of knowledge and information, the more important is the psychological change of attitudes, values, skills, interpersonal skills, and culture, it is considered to be an effective tool to improve employee enthusiasm and conscientiousness , is also a way to enhance organizational efficiency. Organizational development is a process of learning and problem-solving ideas and is built on the basis of full diagnosis, focused learning, proven. Companies in the management of psychological aspects of intellectual Ding accumulated a lot of experience, through a combination of diagnosis, development tools, can help employees establish compliance with the organization needs a code of conduct, in order to achieve the strategic goals of the organization. Organizational development delves into the realm...
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...University of Phoenix Gary Falcone, Ed. D.- PSY/428 The profession of organization development has been changing in order o meet the changing needs of organizations. For that reason, it may be much more useful to think about several definitions of organization development. With the changing of environment, market, and technology occurring faster and faster, an organization must change its employee’s knowledge, attitude, and its framework in order to adapt to the various challenges. The process of organizational development promotes the changes. The process of these changes can be looked upon as organization development. Organization development is a main skill that can change the quality of working relationships amongst workers. Organization development is a type of approach which increases people at every level in an organization. In many cases, employees are miss-used but are capable of taking on more responsibility for the work that they can do and of contributing further to the achievement of objectives. Organization development is a top management importance; it is a long range effort to improve an organization’s renewal processes and problem solving. This is especially through a much more efficient diagnosis and management of organizational culture. In the process of organizational development in which practices and behavioral knowledge are used to help organizations achieve a greater effectiveness; which includes a more improved quality of life, service...
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...Running head: ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT Organizational Development University of Phoenix Organizational Development Organizational development and organizational psychology share a similar link. Both organizational development and organizational psychology entail delving into the realm human behavior in efforts to modify individual and group behavior to increase organizational efficiency and performance. The objective of this paper is to examine organizational development by providing an explanation of the process followed by identifying the theories associated with organizational development. In addition, the paper will illustrate which specific conditions are necessary for successful organizational change and development. Close assessment of the objective will lead to a clear understanding of the bond between organizational development and organizational psychology. Process of Organizational Development Organizational development is the systematic process to implement planned and effective change using technologies, research, theories, and behavioral science in effort to promote change that will “improve” the performance and overall health of an organization. More specifically, “organization development (OD) is a complex strategy intended to change the beliefs, attitudes, values, and structure of organizations so that they can better adapt to new technologies, markets, and challenges”(University of Virginia Leadership Development Center, n.d., ¶ 1). The primary...
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...OrganizationaL Development Considerable changes occurs when an organization make compensation for errors within its overall strategy for achievements or make any modification to its existing operations. The purpose of this paper is to study the broad principles of organizational development, explain the process of organizational development, identify the theories associated with organizational development and describe the conditions necessary for successful organizational change and development. “Organizational development is a set of behavioral science–based theories, values, strategies, and technologies aimed at planned change of the organizational work setting for the purpose of enhancing individual development and improving organizational performance, through the alteration of organizational members’ on-the-job behaviors’’ (Porras & Robertson, 1992). Process of Organizational Development Organizational development is a process by which organizations use the theories and technology of the behavioral sciences to facilitate changes that enhance their effectiveness (Jex & Britt, 2008). According to an article found in The Resource Behind Human Resources website, the OD Process is based on the action research model that begins with an identified problem or need for change. The process proceeds through assessment, planning of an intervention, implementing the intervention, gathering data to evaluate the intervention, and determining if satisfactory progress has been made...
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...rganizational Development Organizations undergo many changes over the years to survive. In this paper the subject to discuss is the process of organizational development, many of the theories used in the processes, and the basics of the organization changes. Additionally, the paper will present what conditions are necessary for organizational development and changes. Process of Organizational Development The process of organizational development is simply an organization improving itself by setting plans and implementing them. The plans are usually set toward improvements in the performance of the organization and individual development in an effort to increase productivity, work satisfaction, and profit. This is done by changing the behavior of the individuals by addressing their communication methods and other factors that constitute them working together along with other issues needing resolution. Most organizations find themselves in the processes of organizational development to remain strong against their competition. According to the authors of Organizational Psychology “One of the most common motivating factors behind organizational development programs can best be described as survival” (Jex & Britt, 2008, p. 1). Lewin’s Three-Step Model Lewin’s model states that organizational change involves a move from one state to another. Step 1: Unfreezing – In this step there is recognition of change identity. Conditions from the resistance of change began to show...
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...Training and Development Paper Employee training and development is very important in organizations. Development, orienting, and socializing will help employees get to know their new organization. New employees will go to a process that will help them adapt to their new organization. Employee orientation will be the responsibility of human resources management, and this will depend on the organization. During this process the employees would get information on the work hours, benefits, over time pay procedures, and the duties and responsibilities for the position that they will work in. Orientation process the new employees will be given the organization objectives, history, rules, and procedures. Employee training is a learning experience that will help the employee improve job performance. Organizations in the United States spend billions every year on employment training. Employee training will focus on an employee current job and enhance skills perform the job. Employee development will focus on developing the employee for more responsibility and future positions in organization. Some methods used to develop employees or going back to school, learning new jobs, assisting a manager, and on-the-job training. Employment training and development are both important in an organization. This will be the organization the right, people at the right place at the right time. The success of the company depends on this. Employee training is become very important in organizations. Every organization...
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...Organizational Development Introduction Organizational development can be defined as “a set of behavioral science-based theories, values, strategies, and technologies aimed at planned change of the organizational work setting for the purpose of enhancing individual development and improving organizational performance, through the alteration of organizational members' on-the-job behaviors" (Porras & Robertson, 1992). In our text Jex, Britt, 2008 stated that one of the most common motivating factors behind organizational-development programs can best be described as survival. This paper will examine the process of organizational development, the theories associated with organizational development. I will also go over the conditions that are necessary for organizations to have successful change and development. Process of Organizational Development The process of organizational development is a systematic, integrated, and planned approach to improving the effectiveness of a company” (Jex, Britt, 2008).Organizational development has certain phases that it goes through in order for organization to become successful. In theses phases the organizations focuses on organizational change that will help the company and t employees with their performance and individual development. The process for OD is done through assessments, interventions, implementing and gathering data. The organization utilizes all the information to measure the progress that the company has made and also...
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...Organizational Development Changing people and organizations for positive growth is organization development. To accomplish this, interventions to help people and organizations, including training, coaching, talent management, team-building, change management, and so on are necessary. Organizational development describes a set of values, behavioral science-based theories and strategies to improve organizations. The three major steps in the organizational development process: intervention, evaluation, and diagnosis. Implementation of these steps happens when management believes there are deficiencies in how the organization is functioning. Diagnosis includes collecting information through questionnaires, records, interviews, internal documents, and reports. An intervention takes place after the situations are diagnosed. The intervention techniques consist of the process consultation, team building, third-party intervention, survey feedback, techno structure activities, and skill development. Finally, the evaluation component occurs at the conclusion of the process and must be monitored on a regular basis in organizational development programs for accurate diagnosis. Conditions Certain conditions, which affect the success for organizational change and development are consultants who guide the organization through the change process, top management support, organizational ownership, and general resistance to the change and development process. Through the conditions...
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...GROUP 1 THEORIES AND APPROACHES OF ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT Classical Organizational Theory Four Principles: 1. Organization exists for economic reasons and to achieve productivity goal. 2. Scientific analysis will devise and orchestrate methods for production. 3. Specialization and strategic deployment of labor will maximize production. 4. Both employees and the organization act in accordance with rational economic principles. Bureaucracy Fundamentally the exercise of control on the basis of knowledge Division of Labor - each position has its own set of responsibilities Traditional Organizational Hierarchy - represents a top down organizational structure. Delegation of authority - work is distributed to a defined responsible participant. Span of Control- neutralizes workforce delegation in equal basis. Humanistic Organization Theory The theory of organizational humanism emphasizes the use of intrinsic motivation to grow personnel qualifications, thereby increasing the economic efficiency of an organization. This theory stresses the need to formulate management goals, which incorporate humanistic values. Open System Theory This theory drives a constant feedback cycle of lessons learned to drive continuous improvement efforts. - Open system is also known as constant volume system and flow system - A system which continuously interacts with its environment or surroundings. The interaction can take the form of information, energy, or material transfers...
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...Organization Development Organization Development (OD)is a process by which behavioral science knowledge and practices are used to help organizations achieve greater effectiveness, including improved quality of work life and increased productivity (Cummings, & Huse, 1989). In the 1950s and 1960s a new, integrated approach originated known as Organization Development (OD): the systematic application of behavioral science knowledge at various levels (group, intergroup, and total organization) to bring about planned change (Newstrom & Davis, 1993) Organizational development As defined by Richard Beckhard, "Organizational development" (OD) is a planned, top-down, organization-wide effort to increase the organization's effectiveness and health. OD is achieved through interventions in the organization's "processes," using behavioural science knowledge. According to Warren Bennis, OD is a complex strategy intended to change the beliefs, attitudes, values, and structure of organizations so that they can better adapt to new technologies, markets, and challenges. Warner Burke emphasizes that OD is not just "anything done to better an organization"; it is a particular kind of change process designed to bring about a particular kind of end result. OD involves organizational reflection, system improvement, planning, and self-analysis. Change Agent A change agent in the sense used here is not a technical expert skilled in such functional areas as accounting, production, or finance...
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...Employee Training and Career Development Paper FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT HRM/300 Employee Training and Career Development Paper Training and development of the employees are important to an organizations success. The human resources management team’s role in the employee training and development, and organizational development is to provide the tools and information needed to be successful. Employee development methods are beneficial to the organization and employees because it ensures that changes are met within the organization. The importance of the human resource management’s involvement in the process is to develop and make sure that programs are available to meet the needs of the organization. Role of Training in an Organization’s Development The role of training in an organizations development is to develop employee’s skills, and knowledge to help the employees to perform his or her job more effectively. DeCenzo and Robbins (2007) defines employee training as “present-oriented training that focuses on individual’s current jobs” (p. 209). An organizations development depends on how well an employee can do his or her current job. Training provides employee’s an opportunity to develop his or her skills, knowledge, attitude, and behavior. An organization profits from training employee’s because the organization needs to have workers who are well-adjusted, have training, and experience to perform the job requirements. Organizations invest in employee training...
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...Organizational Development Paper Abstract In todays fast pace business world, the necessity for organizational change and development is more important than ever for an organization to survive and thrive. This paper will explain the organizational development process, identify key theories associated with organization development, and describe the conditions necessary for successful organization change and development. It will also explain why organization development is important in today’s economy. Organizational development is a benchmark for a given organization’s success in establishing its core values, mission statement and goals. Whether an organization is non-profit or for profit does not change the fact that both types of organizations need to make the best of all plans and then implement them to make the right culture as well as model of running the business or supporting the cause which this particular organization is used to doing. What is necessary is the most of the work is done by middle and upper management, in planning the projects and yearly goals. When an organization goes through staffing of capital change or depletion, all changes have to be made in accordance with the balance capital as well as the needs for more human power to run a specific position and or functions within various departments of the organization. As organizational needs and business demands shift so do the processes of conduction business and managing the organizational...
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...Editor-in-Chief 13 THEORIES AND PRACTICES OF ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT John R. Austin and Jean M. Bartunek 309 ~ John Wiley & Sons, Inc. CHAPTER 13 Theories and Practices of Organizational Development JOHN R. AUSTIN AND JEAN M. BARTUNEK ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT TODAY, NOT YESTERDAY 310 THE CONCEPTUAL 'KNOWLEDGE OF ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 311 Change Process Theories 312 Samples of Contemporary Interventions in Organizational Development 316 Implementation Theories 319 THE CONNECTION BETWEEN IMPLEMENTATION THEORIES AND CHANGE PROCESS THEORIES 321 THE DIVIDE BETWEEN IMPLEMENTATIONTHEORIES AND CHANGE PROCESS THEORIES 322 Barrier 1: Different Knowledge Validation Meth~ 322 Barrier 2: Different Goals and Audiences 323 Barrier 3: Different Theoretical Antecedents 324 STRATEGIES FOR OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER 324 Same-Author Translation 325 Multiple-Author Translation 325 Common Language Translation 326 Translating Implementation Theory to Change Process Theory 326 CONCLUSION 326 REFERENCES 327 From its roots in action research in the 1940s and 1950s (Collier, 1945), and building on Lewin's insight that "there is nothing so practical as a good theory" (Lewin, 1951, p. 169), organizational development has explicitly emphasized both the practice. and the scholarship of planned organizational change. Ideally, at least, research is closely linked with action in organizational development initiatives, and the solution of practical organizational problems...
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...superhuman, or at least specifically exceptional powers or qualities. 2) Who is a charismatic leadership? Ans: Charismatic leadership is a leadership based on the leader’s ability to communicate and behave in ways that reach followers on a basic, emotional way, to inspire and motivate. 3) Define the term “transactional leadership”. Ans: A transactional leader is one who guides and motivates his follows in the direction of establish goals by clarifying role and task requirements. It involves exchange relationship between leader and the followers. It is a perception for mediocrity and that transformational leadership leads to superior performance in organization facing demands for renewal and change. 4) Differentiate between transformational and transactional leadership. Ans: | Transformational leadership |Transactional leadership | |Builds on man’s need for meaning |Builds on man needs to get a job done and make a living | |Is preoccupied with purposes and values, morals and ethics. |Is preoccupied with power and position,...
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