...individualized product when evaluated against price/demand characteristics within a market exceeds potential profit, then it is ridiculous not to consider other alternatives including not marketing the product at all. To differentiate for the sake of differentiation is no solution, and realistic business practice requires a company to strive for uniformity in its marketing mix whenever and wherever possible. Economies of production, better planning, more effective control, and better use of creative managerial personnel are all advantages of standardization. 2. Define the country-of-origin effect and give examples. Country of Origin Effect (COE) can be defined as any influence that country-of-manufacturer has on a consumer’s positive or negative perception of a product. Today a company competing in global markets will manufacture products worldwide and, when the customer is aware of the country of origin, there is...
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...the decision to match a picture to the description. I was wrong! Her Drive is eminent; her commitment to succeed is unprecedented. She was able to survive drug dependency (demonstrates drive and the will to succeed) and established herself as she once had after she graduated college. Mental toughness was very important as she went through hard times after losing her mother, these hidden characteristics cannot be detected by the naked eye and most of us base our judgment on our own personal bias and stereotypes. Kim was my second choice, She too has the drive to succeed, and she was the first one of her family to attend college. Her humble origins and the opinion of others as well as their stereotypes did not stop her from pursuing her dreams. Her social status was an big hurdle she had to overcome, being one of many to come from humble beginnings it was hard to break the pattern that follows most of us. Kyle is my third and final choice; he has broken the stereotype of becoming a...
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...of water “Gulf of the Land of Maize”. Although this ritual is celebrated to some degree in selected Nacirema cities of this region, the epicenter of this ritual and it’s many strange customs is the city that straddles the end of the big river Ojibwe. This city is “Crescent City”, aptly named for the villages of the city that followed the curvature of the big river Ojibwe. Once per year in the third month when the Spring season begins to spread across Nacimera, tens of thousands descend upon the Crescent City and join with the local inhabitants to celebrate the ritual known as Mardi Gras. This paper will serve as an introduction to this ritual including an explanation of the some of the elements of the ritual, some of the history and origins of these elements, discussion...
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...television show, Lost, and how in leans more towards exploitation because of its incorporation of token characters from different races and genders, which hurts more than helps our society, particularly American society, in its goal of expelling racism and sexism. The racial and gender stereotypes displayed in the hit television show Lost contribute negatively to society and its attempt to expel racism and sexism. By having characters that blatantly follow both racial and gendered stereotypes broadcasted on one of the most popular American television shows, it communicates to its viewers that their own stereotypical views on different races and cultures are inherently true and further cement that view point into the American mindset. If you’ve never seen the television series Lost, then it’s safe to say you’re lost. Although the series has long come to a close, when it was being aired, it was one of the most talked about shows on television. The one thing people didn’t seem to notice, and neither did I until I looked at it with a very critical eye, is that a large amount of the characters on the show fit almost perfectly into the stereotypes of their particular race. Before diving deep into these stereotypes, its critical you understand the background story to the show. The television series Lost is about an international flight flying from Sydney, Australia to Los Angeles, California that goes off course mysteriously and crash-lands on a tropical island....
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...Character vs. Appearance In today’s world stereotypes have a bearing on the way a certain type of people, specifically referring to race are conveyed to others. Many people, who don’t know better, seem to accept stereotypes for what they are and don’t seem to go about there own way of understanding. In the article “An Identity Reduced to a Burka” by authors Semeen Issa and Laila Al-Marayati, stereotypes regarding Muslim women are discussed. Due to strict law in the Middle East and plain ignorance many people today identify Muslim women who wear burkas as less capable than the average woman, which is very untrue. The character of any woman should not be determined by her personal appearance, but by the morals and values she portrays. The general public and mainstream media deeply affect the way Muslim woman are seen in the eyes of the average man. In paragraph 3 the authors say “One is hard-pressed to find an article, book, or film about women in Islam that doesn’t have ‘veil’ in the title…” (Issa, Al-Marayati 114) This bothered the authors due to the stereotypical titles used in these books. In paragraph 4 the authors state, “The word ‘veil’ does not even have a universal meaning. In some cultures, it refers to a face-covering known as a niqab; in others…” The authors are implying that it is very ignorant of media and publishers to focus their titles on such a stereotypical observation. All Muslims aren’t the same when looking at origin; some speak different dialects, act differently...
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...Part 2 1. Although stereotypes generally have negative implications, they aren't necessarily negative. Stereotypes are basically generalizations that are made about groups. Such generalizations are necessary: in order to be able to interact effectively, we must have some idea of what people are likely to be like, which behaviors will be considered acceptable, and which not.Such generalizations are, in essence, stereotypes. They allow us to put people into a category, according to the group they belong to, and make inferences about how they will behave based on that grouping. There will still be differences between individuals from one culture, and with the same individual in different situations. But the stereotype is reasonably accurate, so it is useful. Stereotypes are only a problem when they are inaccurate, especially when those inaccuracies are negative and hostile. 2. Stereotyping provides a view which may be based on some truths/facts, but is often limited and biased. They tend to be a neat and convenient capsule summary slanted toward a view point of the creator. Other non-critical thinkers can be seduced by stereotypes which simplifies the world. The small element(s) of truth contained in the stereotype seem so obvious and create a hint of credibility. Non-critical thinkers accept the stereotype and may intentionally or unintentional perpetuate and spread it. Part 3 1. Prejudice is a feeling someone may have, simply means to "pre-judge" someone in your...
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...students whose background ethnicity represents Southeast Asian (Thai, Vietnamese, Laotian, Indonesian) and South Asian (Indian, Bengali, Pakistani) and so forth. We want to explore how various Asian ethnic groups identify socially and culturally with the term Asian American. We asked for written responses from Asian American students, who have these background ethnicities, to describe in their own words what being Asian American means to them. In addition, we walked around campus and interviewed several second-generation Asian Americans. In their explanations, we encouraged the students to explain if it was a struggle growing up in America, whether they have ever been a victim to stereotypes or discrimination and how they have dealt with it. We took these statements and compared them to the stereotypes placed immigrants of the 1900s. In addition to the interviews, we analyzed our finding with an article published by Jerry Park of Baylor University titled, “Second-Generation Asian American Pan-Ethnic Identify: Pluralized Meaning of a Racial Label” who did a similar study in four public universities, along with other readings from class. The term, Asian American, was formed as a significant symbolic move in constructing an ethnic identity for the pan-Asian community in the 1960s (Espiritu, 33). The term was created to identify the majority of Asian American immigrants, mainly Japanese, Chinese and Pilipino (Espiritu, 32-33). The beginning waves of Asian immigration in America stared...
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...Writing Workshop Cofer - The Myth of the Latin Woman: I just met a girl named Maria March 4, 2009 As Judith Ortiz Cofer says in her essay “mixed cultural signals have perpetuated certain stereotypes” (49). Since something can be natural in a determined culture and offensive in another, it is easy to find a variety of behaves that are misunderstood. This misunderstood is what promotes the existence of prejudice. The stereotypes should be ignored and forgotten by people. Each individual should be judge by its work and personality, and not by its clothes, physical appearance or place of origin. People should know better about distinct culture before believe in stereotypes. As a Brazilian woman (and therefore Latina).I can talk about the stereotype created about women from my country. Brazil is known for its soccer team, carnival, and beautiful women. It seems nice characteristic to be identified with. Although, those characteristics make people believe that in Brazil the women are always or at least most of the time naked. Brazilian girls are believed to be easy ones, because they kiss in the mouth on the first date. In some countries (as the ones in Europe) people also believe the Brazilian women that move to there are all prostitutes. Those and much more related kind of stereotypes make the Brazilian women to endure a lot prejudice not only as a Latin but also as a Brazilian. It is very sad to know that people are so influenceable but that is how it is. And it is very difficult...
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...Goodmorning, have you ever truly considered how much you allow prejudices to affect your first impressions of others? Does “Aboriginal man” sound more threatening and imposing than “man” alone? Perhaps the word aboriginal carries negative connotations? For decades Aboriginals have been associated with stereotypes and prejudices claiming they are a culture of violent, lazy and unstructured primitives. But on what basis? Has anyone ever questioned the validity of these stereotypes or even the origins of them? Well if i could direct your attention back to term 1, when we explored the short story ‘Kill to Eat’ written by Kath Walker. The short story worked to reject these fictitious stereotypes and in doing so created a voice for the Aboriginal people. The stereotypes were combated through the author's skillful use of both text structure and language features alike. The voice provided in the text is most influentially characterised by the authors use of point of view. Kath Walker was an Aboriginal-Australian poet, educator and campaigner for Aboriginal rights. The text is a recount of her time as a child, when she was most impressionable. This is important as the first person perspective encourages the reader to put themselves in the same situation. Given that the author is targeting people who hold prejudices it is assumed they have little to no idea of aboriginal life, and just like the impressionable little girl they must discover their own way and come about understanding...
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...Stereotypes are sometimes inescapable. Everyday activities, such as doctor visits, shopping, as well as others, may be interrupted by people placing stereotypes on young children. The origin of these gender stereotypes is thought to stem from the portrayal of princesses and the images they project to children. The author of “Cinderella and Princess Culture”, Peggy Orenstein, shares her frustration and claims the only way to get rid of female stereotyping is to get rid of princesses. Typically, the princess archetype goes hand in hand with ball gown dresses, a prince charming, etc.; however, princesses’ womanly figures, outfits, as well as their storylines, have begun to change. The author of “The Evolution of Disney Princesses”, Jo Bradley,...
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...not only witnessed it myself, but in both research of the past and present history of the sport and culture there has been a 180 degree spin on the way that the culture is viewed. Skateboarding dates all the way back to the 1950’s. Its origin comes from Californian surfers that wanted to turn the streets into waves. The first boards were simply wooden boards with roller skate wheels mounted on the bottom of them. In 1963, there were some of the first competitions for skateboarding, hosted by some of the big name brands that are still around today, like Hobie. One of the most known stories of skateboarding will forever hold one of the most influential times of the whole realm of skateboarding, was the story of Dogtown and the Z Boys. (Cave, 2008) That is a very brief explanation of the origin of skateboarding, but back in those days it was an extremely rebellious sport for kids to be involved in. Skateboarders had the stereotype of being trouble makers and losers. It was a stereotype that evolved along with the sport because skateboarders changed their appearances just like the many fashion fads that came with the decades. Skateboarding had somewhat of a dress code that the “skaters” followed. For a very long time, the negative stereotype that followed skateboarding was due to the fact of our human nature of not being able to accept something that we don’t understand (Worley,...
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...around here, without really knowing if this person is a good or bad one. Discrimination is to me when some puts you down/ let’s say for a job because they don’t like something about you, such as the color of skin, if you’re too skinny or too fat, or maybe to young or to old. Stereotypes play out at the organizational level in regard to employment discrimination by (Erdogan, 2010) stereotypes being a generalization of certain kinds of people that other people believe, and these people that believe this can discriminate against age, gender, race, national origin, or religion, although there is laws to uphold against this it still happens. How I can counter those labels in my workplace is by knowing in my own mind what’s right and what’s wrong and if someone is not acting right by stereotyping and discriminating, I will pull them up on it or maybe tell them really grow up or it can be taken to a higher authority like a court room, life is hard enough on people and then to have someone put them down for no reason is not right. To discuss how sexual harassment laws help counter stereotypes I would say (Commission, 2013) that it keeps people from sexually harassing and it can knock the stereotypes down in people minds knowing it is crime punishable by law, whether women or man it’s a crime to give unwelcome sexual advances or requests for sexual favors, verbal or physical of a sexual nature while at...
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...enforcement is an attempt to identify potential criminals before they could commit serious crimes. Law enforcement officers who have used racial profiling are confident that the process helps them to detain criminals and therefore reduce crime. However, the use of racial profiling has become a debated issue across North America. The media has captured the public’s attention by identifying how law enforcement officials make the assumption that minority groups and people from ethnic backgrounds are more likely to commit crimes. This paper will reflect that the use of racial profiling by law enforcement is both wrong and ineffective in many ways. First, racial profiling is wrong because it tends to target people of color under the assumption and stereotype that they create more crime, which clearly is unconstitutional under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Secondly, through the Toronto Star newspaper analysis it will be obvious that the use of racial profiling in solving crimes is not effective but is damaging and harmful towards individuals under the Human Rights Code. And thirdly, it will be argued through Kingston Police traffic data and Stonechild case that the use of racial profiling is morally wrong on the note that minority groups are subjected to unfair arbitration and detention under section 9 of the Charter. ‘Profiling’ and ‘racial profiling’ are used interchangeably, to reflect the illegitimacy and the Charter offending law enforcement through the...
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...In today’s society stereotypes are a part of our everyday lives. We hear stereotypes every day and everywhere. Sometimes we can find ourselves in a situation where we make stereotypes for a large group of people. Every person, young or old, is labelled with either positive or negative stereotypes. A stereotype is an unreliable generalization about a person or group of persons. We develop stereotypes when we are unable or unwilling to obtain all of the information we would need to make fair judgments about people or situations. There are many types of stereotypes such as racial/ethnic stereotypes, religious stereotypes, gender stereotypes, ageism stereotypes and professional stereotypes. They can be divided into three different levels according to the degree of harm they can cause to either individuals or groups. The most harmful types of stereotypes are racial/ethnic stereotypes. Since people can be born into a racial group/ethnic group based on their physical differences/national origin, they will involuntarily receive an unequal treatment as compared with members of a dominant group. The racial/ethnic stereotypes may develop some social issues that can lead to prejudice, discrimination, segregation, or even extermination. In Canada, we see many people with different skin colours, physical characteristics, and cultural patterns. For example, Historically, the North American Aboriginal population has been decimated by the European settlers from the sixteenth through the nineteenth...
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...Introduction In this essay, I will discuss my experience of interviewing a family and constructing a genogram guided by their narrative. For this task, I purposely chose a family that is very different from my family of origin in terms of their cultural heritage. I will reflect on differences and similarities between our families as well as my prejudices and hypothesis that I inevitably constructed before and during the process. To identify this family, I had to approach some colleagues proposing to them to participate in the interview. Fortunately, one of them introduced me to her friend. Francesca had an interest in psychology, and since she was free and not much committed, I did welcome her with a cup of coffee to share more about the interview. After I formally introduced myself to her, I laid down to her the framework of the interview, and she agreed to participate with her husband, Matteo. Family context The family I interviewed comes from Italy, but they moved to the UK 3 years ago. I noticed that knowing these few details I was already constructing hypothesis based on stereotypes. I was dreading the interview because I was expecting to have difficulty in stopping them talking since I was concerned about getting enough information to construct the genogram. I also hypothesized whether being new to the UK makes them consider participating in projects like mine to increase a sense of belonging. Another hypothesis where I imagined them to have very firmly attachments to...
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