...Osgood-Schlatter Disease: A General Overview Abstract In sports and athletic lifestyles, there is an increased risk for injury as well as specific injuries that correlate with a respective sport. There is a particular disease that can occur in a number of sports activities called Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD). It is named after two surgeons who originally founded the diagnosis in 1903. The biggest aspect of Osgood-Schlatter (OS), is that its target population are adolescents during periods of growth. The condition is not a disease that causes permanent or long-term disabilities. This paper will further discuss the different aspects of OS such as the main cause, common reported symptoms, varying forms of treatment, prevention methods and different physical therapy implications. Cause and Etiology The exact etiology of OS is idiopathic, making it unknown and debated over the years. The common theory is OS is an injury due to overuse. (Whitmore, 2013). It is believed that OS is caused by repetitive, forceful contractions of the quadriceps muscle tendon pulling on the “immature tibial tuberosity” (Tuong, White, 2011). This repeated traction force can be strong enough to pull bone fragments off the tuberosity or in worse cases, pull the proximal portion of the tendon off the tibia causing the tuberosity to become elevated resulting in pain and inflammation (Sullivan, 2014). The reason the condition is viewed at such a high level of importance is because the tuberosity is...
Words: 3533 - Pages: 15
...Ariana Osgood was one of the most popular girls at her old school, Easton; she practically was in charge of the whole establishment. Her entire life was set; she would breeze through school with straight A’s, and then get accepted to Princeton. “These were her dreams.” (Brian, 6). Her whole life was laid out in front of her, and then Reed Brennan and Thomas Pearson came into her life. After that, it was all down hill. The destruction of her life all started when Ariana started dating Thomas Pearson, she wanted to keep it a secret. Ariana and Thomas were happy together, and then Reed moved to Easton, the school Ariana attended, Thomas dumped Ariana to go out with Reed. Out of control, Ariana lost it. She couldn't just keep her emotions in check....
Words: 267 - Pages: 2
...Osgood-Schlatter; Robert Osgood and Carl Schlatter independently described this painful overuse condition of the tibial tuberosity in 1903. “Osgood-Schlatter disease is common in active adolescents, possibly caused by multiple small avulsion fractures from contractions of the quadriceps muscles at their insertion into the proximal tibial apophysis.” (Ilgen, 2013, p. 1). When a child complaints about pain and swelling under the patella, Osgood-Schlatter might be suspected (Moore, 2012). Osgood- Schlatter might be scary when you first hear the name, but it is not as bad as people think. Osgood-Schlatter is classified as an overuse injury because it is a progressive injury that happens over time. Moore believes the Osgood-Schlatter is caused...
Words: 1299 - Pages: 6
...author Josiah Osgood describes the differences of various ancient writer’s accounts on Caesar’s kidnapping by Pirates. Mr. Osgood claims that Caesar may have used his kidnapping to enhance his image and simultaneously sullying Iunius Iuncus’s appearance. Osgood demonstrates how Caesar was more than an ordinary nobleman in Asia than in Rome due to his connection to his father. Mr. Osgood gives s brief explanation as to why Caesar enacted the swift punishment of the Pirates after paying his ransom. Osgood begins by detailing the work of writers Plutarch, Suetonius, Polyaenus, and Velleius regarding Caesar’s kidnapping. Using these authors versions of the event Mr. Osgood conveys how embellishments can be entered into stories of grandeur with the passing of time. He also states that Plutarch’s telling of the kidnapping is somewhat discredited due to his chronological order of events placed around the capture of Caesar. In addition, Mr. Osgood claims that Velleius provides a large portion of written work on...
Words: 493 - Pages: 2
...Concept Analysis of Responsibility Nina Case, RN Kaplan University Responsibility means many things to many different people. It means one thing to a nurse, something different to a business man, and again something else to a parent. Responsibility to Charles Osgood in “The Responsibility Poem” means a job (Osgood. 2012). “Somebody should have done the job. And Everybody should have, but in the end Nobody did what Anybody could have” (Osgood.2012). Corporate responsibility, according to Business News Daily, is when a company does what is best for society (B.N.D. 2015). There are three types of corporate responsibility: Environment – reducing damage to benefit the company and the people of the world. Philanthropy – resources that benefit charities and communities. Ethical labor practices – treating employees well, even those outside the U.S. (B.N.D. 2015). The inclination to follow what society views as acceptable is considered personal responsibility (Haskins.2009). Not blaming others for the mistakes one makes is the most important part of this type of responsibility. Owning up to and learning from our mistakes is what helps us cultivate personal responsibility. There are parental responsibilities that are considered legal obligations. For example, The UN convention on the rights of a child are as follows, “The child shall be registered immediately after birth and shall have the right from birth to a name, the right to acquire a nationality...
Words: 732 - Pages: 3
...deal where he wanted some money now and then more in the future. Dolan said that he would pay the net worth now and a fixed dollar payout in the future. Randall and Dolan went back to there hotel to get some dinner and do some thinking. Elliot Burr started calling them but they ignored the phone calls and went to bed. Dolans phone rang in the morning and it was Burr. Burr met up with the two of them before they left. Burr replaced his $400,000 reservation point offer with a $1 million offer. Nothing was settled Randall and Dolan headed back home. Burr tried contacting Randall several times over the next few weeks, Randall ignored most of the calls. Randall kept David Osgood of MetroNet up-to-date on the negotiations. Randall mentioned to Osgood about Burr claim that he controlled the MetroNet brokers. Osgood wrote Burr a letter regarding CTS's failure to meet commitments the company had made with MetroNet. During this time Randall hired a consultant who had prepared the relocation industry report for MetroNet. Randall made an...
Words: 424 - Pages: 2
...Overstretched (pulled) or torn muscles result in stiffness and pain. The main muscles supporting the knee are the quadriceps and hamstrings. Increasing the duration and intensity of exercise or any activity too quickly often cause muscle strain. Mild muscle strains heal quickly. Top ^ Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS) The iliotibial band is a fibrous band of tissue that runs down the outer thigh, from the hip (ilium) to just below the knee, inserting into the shinbone (tibia). It helps provide stability to the outer side of the knee joint, particularly during running. Iliotibial band syndrome is irritation / inflammation of the iliotibial band (the inflammation is usually not visible) that causes lateral knee pain. This condition is most common in long-distance runners and cyclists. Symptoms of Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS) Though the pain usually occurs on the outer side of the knee just above the knee joint, it may also occur over the entire iliotibial band or just below the knee, where the iliotibial band inserts into the shinbone (tibia). The pain usually sets in slowly, often after running for several minutes. It is relieved by resting and aggravated by activity - running, cycling, or walking. Causes and Contributing Factors of ITBS Overuse: Increasing running or cycling distance too quickly and/or not giving the body time to recover between runs can lead to irritation and inflammation of the iliotibial band. Running uphill, downhill, on a slope, on hard surfaces...
Words: 1046 - Pages: 5
...the third most common site of stress fracture in children. In young adults, the pain is commonly experienced in the anterior thigh and typically can be reproduced by asking the patient to hop on the affected leg. Plain radiographs are usually negative early in the course of the fracture, with a bone scan or MRI being the test of choice for diagnosis. Choice “D” is not the best answer. The use of NSAIDs in the management of LCP of the hip is not warranted, but may be if the patient was diagnosed with an osteoid osteoma or Osgood Osgood-Schlatter disease. An osteoid osteoma is a relatively common benign bone tumor with the proximal femur being the most common site of occurrence. It may occur in all age groups however most patients present in the teenage years. The pain is typically nocturnal and aching, and it responds rapidly to NSAID therapy. It may be visible as a lucency with surrounding cortical thickening on plain radiograph or CT. Osgood-Schlatter disease, also known as osteochondritis of the tibial tubercle, is a traction apophysitis of the proximal tibial tubercle at the insertion of the patellar tendon caused by overuse. It typically occurs in the 13–-14 year old boys, with the most common presenting complaint being anterior knee pain that increases gradually over time, from a low-grade ache to pain that causes a limp and/or impairs activity. Pain is made worse by direct trauma, kneeling, running, jumping, squatting, climbing stairs, or walking uphill, and...
Words: 1294 - Pages: 6
...COMMUNICATION MODELS WHAT IS A MODEL? Sven Windahl and Dennis McQuail (1993) defined model, “as simplified description in graphic form of a piece of reality.” It is a conceptual model explaining the different human communication processes. Models are simple diagrams. They help us understand different communication processes. FUNCTIONS OF A MODEL * ORGANIZING FUNCTION * HEURISTIC FUNCTION * PREDICTING FUNCTION BASIC MODELS THE LASSWELL FORMULA * Harold D. Lasswell * The simplest communication formula * “A convenient way to describe an act of communication is to answer the ff. questions: Who?, Says What?, In which channel?, To whom? and With what effect? BRADDOCKS EXTENSION MODEL * Richard Braddock * Added other elements of the communicative act: Under what circumstances? For what purpose? and With what effect? SHANNON & WEAVER * Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver * Mathematical Model (linear/one-way process) * Five elements: information source, transmitter, receiver, destination and noise The Elements of the Shannon and Weaver Model * The Information source – It refers to the person who creates the message. Also known as the encoder/initiator/creator of the message * The message – It is a combination of symbols and meanings. * A transmitter – It pertains to the medium that the sender is using to send the message. (Ex. mouth, gesture etc.) * The signal – It refers to the message being...
Words: 439 - Pages: 2
...According to Heldner (2010), a pause can be described as the acoustic silences during a conversation, which is done by the same speaker. Moreover, Maclay-Osgood (1959) and Goldman- Eisler (1968) have a similar opinion about separating pauses into two types of pauses, unfilled/silent pauses and filled pauses. The former one refers to silence interval during a communication progression. Maclay-Osgood (1959) mention that the silent pause phenomenon is sometimes hard to measure, because it is necessarily a matter of judgment on the part of listeners (here the listener means the authors when we analyse the data) familiar with the pace and style of an individual speaker. What may be clearly noted as an example of unfilled pause for one speaker, would not be so judged for another speaker, say, with a slower rate of...
Words: 1149 - Pages: 5
...Eric Ingram – Ch-11 Terrorism Dan Osgood- Policies Joe Atchue- Media Arshdeep Singh- Virginia Tech Shooting Leaves 33 Dead Anthony D’Amato- O.J. Simpson’s Book and TV Special Are Canceled. Eric Ingram Chapter 11: Terrorism Critical Thinking Questions 1. Could the adoption of isolationism as a foreign policy for the United States be practical and economical while maintaining a defensive position against foreign and domestic enemies? 2. Political biases aside, after more than a decade of the Patriot Act in effect, is the United States better protected from terrorism than before the 9/11 attacks? Dan Osgood-Ch.17 1. Should public policy be solely formed on research data and scientific evidence compared to the moral entrepreneur policymaking process? 2. Assuming the author is correct: that moral entrepreneurs base their motivations off of single case phenomenon’s, and not common occurrences, the question can be asked is this justifiable when the benefit only helps out the select few while limiting the liberties of many? Example: Banning all cell phone use while driving. Joe Atchue 1. What are some cultural formations that exist within structural conditions that both enable and constrain individual action? 2. Being a part of a cultural environment that seems to justify criminal behavior does not by itself explain why only some people raised in such cultures actually become criminals while many others do...
Words: 388 - Pages: 2
...Technically speaking, there are many factors that can contribute to the development of a sport injury. The pressure to complete, open growth plates, and growth and muscle imbalance are the three risk factors discussed. So essentially, children at a young age feel forced to complete through pain, have a physis with relative weakness in comparison to the adjacent ligaments and tendons, and partake in vigorous training regimens and drills that puts unnecessary strain to a growing body. After listing risk factors, Stein and Mitchell list various overuse injuries; Patellofemoral pain, Osgood-Schlatter disease, Calcaneal apophysitis, Little League elbow, Little League Shoulder, spondylosis, and osteochondritis dissecans. Each overuse injury is split into subcategories; what the injury is and where it stems from, how it occurs at a young age, and treatment options. For example, Stein and Mitchell share that Osgood-Schlatter disease is a traction apophysitis of the tibial tubercle; an overuse injury that results from repetitive contraction of the quadriceps muscle and extensor mechanism, which puts stress on the attachment point of the patellar tendon at the tibial tuberosity. The disease occurs due to adolescent muscular tightness, and some treatment options include ice therapy, oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and iontophoresis. Stein and Mitchell effectively discuss risk factors for overuse injuries, and the most commonly ones seen in young...
Words: 563 - Pages: 3
...Outline + References Sociology 210 Research Paper Draft Conflict Theory and the Evolution of Eugenics in America during the 20th Century. I intend to present a purely informative paper on the sociological perspective of eugenics during the past century in the United States through Conflict Theory. A linear history of causality, implementation, and significance. 1. Conflict Theory Perspective a. Margaret Sanger b. Plato’s Republic c. Negative Eugenics d. Sterilization e. Planned Parenthood Federation of America f. Legislation g. Economic Implications Early 1900’s American political movement under Margaret Sanger 1. advocate the control over individual rights to reproduction 2. purpose of societal advantage 3. rights governed by the state and supported by a public majority 4. originally designed as a method of public oppression and controlled persecution. 5. Sanger an outspoken advocate for Eugenics a. racial dominance, class restraint, and a member of the American Eugenic Political Party, opened a family planning and birth control clinic. 6. Established first Abortion Clinics in NY b. On October 16, 1916, a member of the Eugenic party movement opened a then privately funded business, now partly funded by the public, in New York City. 7. clinic’s policy on providing pregnancy termination to the impoverished and uneducated. 8. The Birth Control Review and Birth Control...
Words: 1516 - Pages: 7
...the Ramberg-Osgood form as given by Eq. (6). The J-integral value is given by Eq. (7). (6) (7) where σ_(O )is usually taken as the yield stress and α, n are material constants for the plane stress, and E^`=E for the plane strain υ is Poisson´s ratio (8) As a pipeline is a body of finite dimensions, stress σ in Eqs. (7) and (8) is a nominal stress. In sense, the stress acting in the plane where the crack exists. Referring to the R6 method [27], this stress for a pipe containing a longitudinal part-through thickness crack may be written as: (9) In eq. (5), is the hoop stress, GS method The GS method was derived by Gajdos and Srnec [28] on the basis of the limit transition of the J-integral. it formally expressed for a semi-circular notch, to a crack, with the variation of the strain energy density along the notch circumference. If the stress-strain dependence is further expressed by the Ramberg-Osgood relation...
Words: 832 - Pages: 4
...The Color of Sin: White and Black And Perceptual Symbols of Moral Purity and Pollution. Sherman and Clore (2009) aimed to look at aimed to look at three different conditions involving moral and immoral words appearing in either black or white. They also wanted to see if the time taken to name a colour differs when it black which connects to immorality or in white which relates to morality. In addition to this they added in 2 conditions which took place before naming the colours. They used a series of metaphors in order to explain many of their concepts. Their first study was based on an experiment done by Meier et al (2004) using the Stroop colour- word task (1935). They used the same words and found that immorality-blackness associations operate quickly and automatically. These associations influenced performance on the Stroop task, so a task that requires identifying colours does not require any moral evaluation and can be performed quickly. The second study was the same as the first but used a new set of words, in order to test whether the moral Stroop effect is susceptible to conditions that make immorality more prominent, this was similar to a study by Zhong and Liljenquist (2006). Alongside this task another small task was introduced where they had to read a story which either had a morally wrong or right answer. After analysis of the results they found that people, who showed no Stroop effect initially, were affected by simply being exposed to unethical behaviour...
Words: 1291 - Pages: 6
