...Thesis/Project Report Sheet and the information in Appendix IV. A copy of the printed guide can be sent to you if you email your address to campaigns@unsw.edu.au. This missing information was taken from the Thesis Submission Pack which is available from New South Q on the Kensington campus (download from or phone: (02) 9385 3093). ABSTRACT This booklet is designed to assist research students with the practical aspects of producing a postgraduate research thesis at the University of New South Wales. As well as providing advice in regard to the University’s requirements, formatting, layout, referencing and the use of information technology, this guide also describes what some students might regard as the more arcane and ritualistic aspects of producing a PhD thesis, in particular, those associated with accepted academic conventions. A section on posture and ergonomics has also been included to help you avoid the kinds of injuries that result from working on a computer for an extended period. This work is set out in a similar way to a PhD thesis. An example of a typical and acceptable format for both Masters and PhD research theses is also included. This work differs in layout from a PhD thesis, however, as it is printed on both sides of the page. This booklet is meant to act as a general...
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...medicine for a solution, often receiving medication to cover the pain caused; never correcting the root cause of the pain. As time moves on surgery may be suggested by the traditional practitioner and that solution only affords a few more years before the same symptoms will return or even less time to create a new problem in a surrounding tissue, then the process comes full circle. A reason for the binded, under active, and dysfunctional muscles is the accumulation of scar tissue. By definition scar tissue, or cicatricial tissue, is the dense fibrous tissue forming a matrix, derived directly from granulation tissue. For the purpose of this paper I will use the term scar tissue throughout its length. Scar tissue binds up and ties down tissues that need to move freely. This dense, fibrous tissue affects us all and is an underlying factor in many injuries. As scar tissue builds up, muscles become shorter and weaker, tension on tendons causes tendinosis, nerves can become trapped, and altered movement patterns result causing discomfort often pain. “All these problems can cause reduced range of motion, loss of strength as well as tingling, numbness, and weakness” [1]. Scar tissue forms two different ways: first, if a muscle, tendon, or ligament is torn or crushed, the body creates scar tissue to glue the torn pieces together. This is a necessary part of the healing process. The second is by soft tissue in the body not receiving enough oxygen- the named aspect hypoxia. Hypoxia is very common...
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...OFFICE ERGONOMICS The purpose of the visits to the worksite was to determine the physical demands of the pre-injury job duties and provide an opinion on whether the job demands exceed the precautions for the worker’s bilateral wrist injury. ABC Company recently purchased new workstations for two employees one of the employee’s voiced some new concerns. The employee has been experiencing ongoing right elbow and right wrist pain. The employee indicated that they were receiving physiotherapy treatments for their discomfort. The employee reported experiencing mid back discomfort since their return to work from a short absence due to illness and began using the new workstation. The purpose of this evaluation was to review the workstation, determine any areas of concern and provide recommendations. The new workstation is adjustable in 1/2” increments. The employee performs most of their tasks on the computer working on computer software with clicking and manipulating the mouse. The employee reviews plot sheets and writes notes on the sheets and makes necessary changes on the computer. Setting the proper desk height and keyboard height are key elements to avoiding non-neutral postures of the back, shoulders, neck, arms and wrists. The desk was set at the employees optimal work height. End-user orientation was completed to demonstrate the use of the articulating keyboard tray. It was determined that the tray height was positioned too high which promoted increased elevation...
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...sports have been proven to provide multiple developmental benefits to all children involved in such programs. The best way for kids to reap all the benefits of sports participation is to submerse them into a program which offers a positive environment with encouraging coaches who instruct with constructive criticism and work to “minimize negative experiences” (Seefeldt & Ewing, 1996, p.3). Research has shown that children who participate in frequent physical activity, such as sports, experience improved academics, have better mental health, and are less likely to take part in risky health behaviors than their less active counterparts. Dr. Daniels, author of “Interscholastic Sports and the Middle School Student”, finds six main points of interest pertaining to the benefits of and liabilities for children who get involved in sports. Out of the six, four are beneficial, and only two are considered to be liabilities. The four positive characteristics of sports are scholastic achievement, competency, fitness, and self-esteem. Whereas the two negative characteristics are sports injuries, stress and anxiety (as cited by Daniels, 1999, p.2). Although Dr. Daniels doesn’t talk about it in her dissertation, one more benefit of kids getting active is their likelihood to avoid the appearance of evil, in other words they are unlikely to get involved in risky health behaviors such as, unprotected sex, drugs, gangs, and violence (Jones-Palm, Palm, 2004; Pate, Trost, Lexin, & Dowda, 2000;...
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...involve labour of the workers to put in place the materials as per the design are it mixing, lifting and placing them in place, installation, delivery and storage of the materials. Material handling can be by machines/equipment or directly by the workers themselves. Handling and storing materials involves many different activities such as hoisting, manually carrying bags or material and stacking supplies. Employees can be injured by improperly lifting materials (manually and by machine), falling objects and improperly stacked supplies. This paper concentrates on the human ability in the movement and placement of materials and other facilities as work progresses on site. An examination of activities on an active site have been undertaken to inform this paper on the practicability and applicability of researched theories relating to human lifting capability on site. The following sites have been examined and findings discussed later in this paper: • Proposed Primary Security Screening Facility - JKIA Nairobi • Construction of a Terminal Building at Isiolo Airport • Crescent residential apartments in Kileleshwa • Riverside place apartments in Lavington. The human aspect on sites being examined relates to the handling of materials and other facilities on site. It is noted that manual handling involves activities that...
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...Health Issues Related Computer Use BUS 5505: Fundamentals of Information Systems and Quantitative Methods December 4, 2009 Although it is unlikely that computer equipment will be dangerous itself, it can be used in ways which can be hazardous to health of staff ("Computer health and," 2003). Ergonomics is an applied science devoted to incorporating comfort, efficiency, and safety into the design of items in the workplace (Shelly, & Vermaat, 2008). Studies done using ergonomics show that using the correct chair, keyboard, display device, and work surface configurations helps computer users work comfortably and efficiently and also preserve their health. According to previous studies, the majority of computer workers experience some eye or vision symptoms, but what was not clear was if whether these problems occur to a greater extent in these workers than in others who work in other visually demanding occupations. A national survey of doctors of optometry found that more than 14% of their present patients with eye or vision-related symptoms resulting from computer work. Working on a computer for a long period of time can cause different types of forearm and wrist CTDs, which are inflammation of tendons, nerve sheaths, and ligaments and damage to the soft tissues. Tenosynovitis, ganglion cysts, de Quervain’s disease, lateral epicondylitis, and carpal tunnel syndrome are different types of CTDs caused by computer use. Symptoms of CTDs are pain, numbness, tingling...
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...any rehabilitation setting. The definition of biomechanics is the muscular, joint and skeletal actions of the body during the execution of a given task, skill, or technique. Adequate understanding of biomechanics relating to sports has the greatest impact on performance, rehabilitation and injury prevention, which correlates to physiatry. Delving deeper into the area of physiatry more specifically is determining effective rehabilitation for stress fractures. An understanding in biomechanics can lead to increase or maintain the safety and health of our tissues which is also known as one of the goals of biomechanics. The purpose of the paper is to research how stress fractures develop and the best course of action to take from a medical perspective. By taking what is known about stress fracture rehabilitation and applying it to future advancements in medicine, assisting patients will become that much easier for potential healthcare providers in the future. Those healthcare providers will be able to ensure complete and safe return to daily activity and function for their patients. Understanding why stress fractures are important can help prevent them as they are some of the most common injuries in sports. Stress fractures are tiny breaks in the bone, typically caused by repetitive stress from activities such as running. They can be quite painful, but they usually heal themselves with a few months of rest. Currently, it is known that stress fractures are much more likely to develop...
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...The iliotibial band runs along the lateral thigh crossing the hip and knee. It provides stability and limits hip abduction and knee internal rotation. The band runs right over the lateral epicondyle of the femur and when it is tight or inflamed, can sometimes press into and rub against the epicondyle causing lateral knee pain. This is most seen in runners, and is known as an overuse injury, that happens over a period of time, becoming iliotibial band syndrome, or ITBS. Two articles were found that talk about how running biomechanics effect ITBS, one in males and the other in females. The first article claims that more women are effected with ITBS than men and compares the differences in lower extremity and trunk biomechanics during running between women with ITBS and without. The second article assesses hip and knee biomechanics between male runners with iliotibial band syndrome...
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...Osgood-Schlatter Disease: A General Overview Abstract In sports and athletic lifestyles, there is an increased risk for injury as well as specific injuries that correlate with a respective sport. There is a particular disease that can occur in a number of sports activities called Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD). It is named after two surgeons who originally founded the diagnosis in 1903. The biggest aspect of Osgood-Schlatter (OS), is that its target population are adolescents during periods of growth. The condition is not a disease that causes permanent or long-term disabilities. This paper will further discuss the different aspects of OS such as the main cause, common reported symptoms, varying forms of treatment, prevention methods and different physical therapy implications. Cause and Etiology The exact etiology of OS is idiopathic, making it unknown and debated over the years. The common theory is OS is an injury due to overuse. (Whitmore, 2013). It is believed that OS is caused by repetitive, forceful contractions of the quadriceps muscle tendon pulling on the “immature tibial tuberosity” (Tuong, White, 2011). This repeated traction force can be strong enough to pull bone fragments off the tuberosity or in worse cases, pull the proximal portion of the tendon off the tibia causing the tuberosity to become elevated resulting in pain and inflammation (Sullivan, 2014). The reason the condition is viewed at such a high level of importance is because the tuberosity is...
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...“Racial and ethnic disparities in health care are known to reflect access to care and other issues that arise from differing socioeconomic conditions”.1 There is increasing evidence that even after such differences are accounted for, race and ethnicity remain predictors of the quality of health care received. Health disparities are preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health that is experienced by socially disadvantaged populations. Factors such as race or ethnicity, gender, education, or income, disability, geographic location such as rural or urban, or sexual orientation can define populations. The goal of the research paper is to present the magnitude and importance of racial...
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...of people, have pride in their work and share ideas to improve themselves and to improve performance, and have fun doing it. The work design is an integral part in achieving this holy grail of work environments. My objective is to take a look at three individual studies that look at different elements of work design such as employee environmental controls, work place innovation and well-being. I will then summarize my conclusion with a recommend course of research to further prove that providing a well thought out work place design will promote a work place environment that leads to increase job satisfaction, productivity, group unity, collaboration and performance. First let’s define work design. Wikipedia defines work design as the application of Socio-Technical Systems principles and techniques to humanization of work. In other words the goal of work design is to improve job satisfaction, job performance, and work quality, while reducing negative employee behavior like grievances, absenteeism, shirking, injury and arguments. "Find something you love to do, and you'll never work a day in your life" - Harvey MacKay I first looked at a study completed by Michelle M. Roberts and Yueng-Hsiang Huang Effect of a workplace design and training intervention on individual performance, group effectiveness and collaboration: The...
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...Article Applied Biosafety, 11(4) pp. 228-230 © ABSA 2006 Position Paper on the Use of Ultraviolet Lights in Biological Safety Cabinets Jyl Burgener Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review information available on the use, risks and benefits of using Ultraviolet (UV) lights in Biological Safety Cabinets (BSC) and set forth a position based on the risk and benefits. Background Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a form of nonionizing radiation and behaves in accordance with the laws and principles of geometric optics. Electromagnetic radiation can be described as a “wave” that consists of an electric field and a magnetic field. Electromagnetic radiation is usually characterized by wavelength and frequency or photon energy. The term wavelength refers to a distance in a line of advance of a wave from any point to a like point on the next wave; it corresponds to the distance traveled by the wave during one cycle. A wavelength is usually measured in angstroms or nanometers (nm). The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) has divided the UV spectrum into three wavelength bands, primarily due to biological effects. The 315-400 nm wavelength band is designated as UV-A. 280-315 nm is designated as UV-B, and 100-280 nm as UV-C. Wavelengths below 180 nm are of little practical biological significance since the atmosphere readily absorbs them. Sources of UV-A are used for dentistry and tanning, UVB is used for fade testing and photocuring...
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...Historical Analysis Paper: Internet Addiction- A Rising Issue The number of Internet users has intensely went up over the years due to the growing accessibility of the Internet. In 2009 the amount of time Americans spent online increased by over a hundred percent from 2004. China, Japan, the United States, Brazil and India are currently the countries containing the largest populations of Internet users world-wide. The countries most plagued with Internet Addiction Disorder include mainly the countries within the continent of Asia such as China and South Korea as well as Northern America, United States (Conrad). Internet addiction has become a serious problem that is progressively modifying the brain structure and function for persons addicted. Like other forms of addiction, the Internet addiction results from the excessive usage of the computer and other internet enabled technological devices which causes increased dependency. Psychological issues and Mental disorders generally tend to lead individuals towards various forms of addictions and exacerbates their illness; this can happen in the reverse chronological order as well. College students are more likely to be disposed towards Internet Addiction because of their developing minds at that stage and the increasing role the Internet plays in the academic world. Scientists are currently researching for more and more efficient treatments for this Internet Addiction Disorder or IAD, but hey must initially be able to correct...
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...The Economist, 2009 Out of the trillions of dollars spent in healthcare, the 2009 PricewaterhoseCooper’s report The price of excess: Identifying waste in healthcare spending estimates that $1.2 trillion is wasted. This is equivalent to more than half of what is allocated towards health spending in the U.S. and the figures are broken down in various categories. The report attributed health wastefulness in the following areas: 1. $765 billion towards issues related to healthcare reform debate (6 major areas identified below) 2. $493 billion related to risky behavior such as smoking, obesity and alcohol abuse 3. $21 billion in staffing turnover 4. $4 billion in prescriptions written on paper 5. $1 billion in the over-prescribing of antibiotics The Institute of Medicine (IOM) released a workshop summary in February 2011 entitled The Healthcare Imperative: Lowering Costs and Improving Outcomes....
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...FSU Winner Florida State’s Caitlin Quinn has been named the NSCA’s Assistant Strength Coach of the Year. http://www.seminoles.com/sports/w-softbl/spec-rel/112613aaa.html Critical Condition A California high school football player is in critical condition after suffering neck and spinal cord injuries during a game. http://www.pe.com/local-news/riverside-county/corona/corona-headlines-index/20131124-santiago-football-player-remains-in-critical-condition.ece State Total More than 4,400 middle and high school student-athletes in Massachusetts suffered head injuries last year, according to reports filed by the schools. http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2013/11/25/mass-schools-report-head-injuries-among-athletes-compliance-with-concussion-law-rises/njPFK6a92knIhcvY9UGxdN/story.html Refueling Product A new product can allegedly help athletes refuel during competition by providing precise carb and electrolyte recommendations based on a quick analysis of their sweat. http://www.prweb.com/releases/FuelstripMMA/UFCBellator/prweb11284260.htm Vegan Praise Several top athletes credit veganism with playing a key role in their success. http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/health/elite-athletes-reveal-the-vegan-diet-secret-behind-their-success/story-fneuzkvr-1226768537898 Baseline Challenges Three new studies of baseline testing highlight the difficult of accurately assessing an athlete’s true baseline ability. http://www.momsteam.com/studies-show-pitfalls-in-baseline-neurocognitive-testing ...
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