...Human life is clearly defined for us. We live and then we die. No one really wants to die, but it’s bound to happen. Our fear of this inevitable outcome puts us on a path of searching for a deeper meaning in our lives. We turn to forming ideas that keep us occupied during the time we spend on Earth; ideas such as science, art, love, and religion. We connect with these ideas and create identities for ourselves. We then reproduce and pass the knowledge down to our offspring so they can do the same. This gives us purpose to our lives. We find it essential to continue on this path, but is it as important as we think it is? We identify ourselves as a dominating force on our planet; however, we are just specks of dust compared to the rest of the universe. Even worse, our self-importance stunts the progression of humanity as a whole by restricting the education of our own race....
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...this paper is to offer a perspective to further the understanding of gender entrepreneurship. This paper considers the situatedness of the gendered entrepreneur within diverse international contexts marked by different constitutions of gender identities and networks of power, both within the context of contributions within this special issue but also more broadly within the field of gender and entrepreneurship research. Design/methodology/approach – The authors adopt a feminist perspective and analyse the different framings of identity within gender and entrepreneurship literature and their contributions to our understandings of the concepts of both power and gendered identities. Findings – The paper finds that power and identity are configured in different contexts in ways that open arenas for future analysis. Originality/value – The paper highlights the importance of considering masculinities within gender and entrepreneurship research offering support for further analyses of entrepreneurial masculinities by examining two studies that expose entrepreneurial masculinities as shifting subjectivities influenced by men’s social power, but also by interactions between men and women and broader cultural contexts and transitions. In so doing, it contributes to the research agenda in relation to gender and entrepreneurship in different contexts. Keywords Gender, Entrepreneurialism, Women entrepreneurs, Masculinities, Identity, Power, Research work, Feminism Paper type Research paper...
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...Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rana20 Understanding the influence of interpersonal relationships on identity and tourism travel Julia F. Hibbert a b a , Janet E. Dickinson & Susanna Curtin a a School of Tourism, Bournemouth University , Fern Barrow, Poole , BH12 5BB , United Kingdom b School of Business and Economics, Linnaeus University , Kalmar , Sweden Published online: 25 Jan 2013. To cite this article: Julia F. Hibbert , Janet E. Dickinson & Susanna Curtin (2013) Understanding the influence of interpersonal relationships on identity and tourism travel, Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 24:1, 30-39, DOI: 10.1080/13032917.2012.762313 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2012.762313 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions...
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...12 Number 4 A Systematic Review of the Corporate Reputation Literature: Definition, Measurement, and Theory Kent Walker Asper School of Business, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada ABSTRACT A systematic review of the corporate reputation literature is conducted. The final sample of 54 articles (and one book) consists of well-cited papers, and papers in journals that have published high quality work in corporate reputation. The sample is then analyzed and the three fundamental problems in the reputation literature are addressed – the need for a comprehensive and well-accepted definition, the difficulty in operationalizing corporate reputation, and the ongoing need for more developed theory. Two main findings evolve from this analysis: (1) reputation may have different dimensions and is issue specific, and (2) different stakeholder groups may have different perceptions of corporate reputations. The implications for future research are discussed. Corporate Reputation Review (2010) 12, 357–387. doi:10.1057/crr.2009.26 KEYWORDS: corporate reputation; definition; operationalization; organizational identity; organizational image; systematic review INTRODUCTION There are many reasons why organizations and researchers should care about corporate reputation. The relationship between reputation and a sustained competitive advantage is widely acknowledged in the literature (eg, Fombrun and Shanley, 1990; Fombrun, 1996; Hall, 1993; Roberts and Dowling, 2002)....
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...2 ICTs AND GLOBAL WORKING IN A NON-FLAT WORLD Geoff Walsham Judge Business School University of Cambridge Cambridge, U.K. Abstract This paper rejects the hypothesis of Thomas Friedman that ICT-enabled globalization is driving us toward a flat world. Instead, it is argued that the world remains uneven, full of seams, culturally heterogeneous, locally specific, inequitable, not well-integrated and constantly changing. This argument is supported by an analysis of three areas of ICT-enabled global working, namely global software outsourcing, global IS roll-out, and global virtual teams. The paper then builds on these analyses to put forward an agenda for future IS research on ICTs and global working based on three research themes: identity and cross-cultural working; globalization, localization and standardization; and power, knowledge, and control. The paper concludes that the area of ICTs and global working offers the IS field a major research opportunity to make a significant contribution to our understanding of a set of crucial issues in our more globalized world. Flat world, globalization, global software outsourcing, global IS roll-out, global virtual teams, IS research agenda, identity, cross-cultural working, standardization, power, knowledge, control Keywords 1 INTRODUCTION The changes taking place in the global economy, including those in the burgeoning services component, are the subject of much debate by a wide range of commentators including journalists, practitioners...
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...The question of whether to use paper bags or plastic bags has its roots in environmental science but the underlying reasons are often overlooked. In "Bag Ban Bad for Freedom and Environment", author Adam B Summers puts forth a detailed argument for the use of plastic bags. In doing so, he employs a variety of rhetorical elements to persuade the reader, including appeal to identity, statistics and results from health research. Adam Summers's deft use of appeal to identity begins with this discussion of a bill that would ban the use of plastic bags in California. Summers expresses his contempt for "some politicians and environmentalists are now focused on deciding for us what kind of container we can use to carry our groceries". Summers uses...
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...be invented. Meyerson and Scully, in my view, have grasped an important idea and have written about it in a careful and an illuminating way. It's one of those papers, I suspect, that some people will react to by thinking: "I wish I had written that!" Further, I can see others I know well in the field as fitting the description of the tempered radical, at least in some circumstances and at different times. The reviewers, while suggesting changes, as reviewers do, were also very taken with the paper. It is intellectually interesting, and evocative. It provides us with a perspective on organizational issues that is typically glossed. It opens an arena for organizational analysis that is missed in most theoretical frameworks. Tempered radicals, Meyerson and Scully argue, are individuals who identify with and are committed to their organizations and also to a cause, community or ideology that is fundamentally different from, and possibly at odds with, the dominant culture of their organization. Their radicalism stimulates them to challenge the status quo. Their temperedness reflects the way they have been toughened by challenges, angered by what they see as injustices or ineffectiveness, and inclined to seek moderation in their interactions with members closer to the centre of organizational values and orientations. The paper is a scholarly treatment of a complex concept. It is radical in its charge to us to see new possibilities in the study of organization. It is tempered, even hopeful...
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...Abstract The purpose of this paper is to test the effect of independent directors’ background on company’s performance. Our study found that the education background of the independent directors of has no positive influence on the company's performance. And our study also found that government background of independent directors have a negative impact on company's performance. Studies also support the restriction of individuals that are act as several independent directors. Research of this paper enrich the corporate governance literature and provides a new point of view of the correct understanding of the influence of independent directors on company performance. Besides, it provides important empirical evidence for the further reform of corporate governance in our country . Keywords: background of independent directors The board of directors company's business performance ,corporate governance PART I. Introduction The introduction of independent director to the board of directors of the company hopes to improve the level of corporate governance and protect of rights and interests of small shareholders. More importantly, they also hope that the independent directors can promote the management decision of company management level from the perspective of experts, so as to improve the business performance of enterprises. As a result, whether the independent directors can improve company performance management or not has become a crucial academic research topic. However, both the...
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...as a malleable structure: Reframing the conceptual understanding of design and culture through George Kubler’s morphological approach to the history of things Author: Joori Suh, Assistant Professor, Interior Design Department, Iowa State University Under the banner of globalization and internationalization, what actually happens in design? Has today’s blended culture lost the identity unique to the context? What should be the interior design educator’s attitude toward teaching design and culture in the current age? We encounter dilemmas in global design, the results of which are sometimes almost identical regardless of unique settings because of our tendency to grasp design as a whole with respect to particular style or trend without fully apprehending the core and the deviation. Perceiving the entire design project as a mere symbolic expression also hinders our true understanding of design and culture. In this article, I attempt to answer fundamental questions regarding the complex, innate relationship between design and culture and suggest restructuring a conceptual framework applicable to related research and education that effectively reveals the multi faceted characteristics of design and culture in the present age. From the perspective of morphology, current individual design practice can be redefined as one entity comprising two coexisting components: One is a set of particular principles that construe a certain design pattern or type of design practice, and the other is...
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...Gender Identity Paper Rechelle Stevenson PSY/340 Annie Powers 4-27-2014 In the research paper the reader will learn the meaning of gender identity and how hormones and behavior interact with each other. Also how hormones and behavior affect the determination of gender identity. Included will be the roles of biological factors. This paper will determine which has greater influence on gender identity nature or nurture. Gender identity is the acceptance of ones membership into a certain group of people. How an individual perceives themselves male or female is considered gender identity. Hormones play a major role in a person’s life; it affects their sex in two ways. Hormones affect the development from the time a person is conceived until they have grown into sexual maturity. Sexual maturity of anatomical, physiological, and behavioral traits determine a person as a male or female by activating the reproduction related behavior of sexual mature adults. Endocrine glands main function is to release hormones (University of Phoenix, 2009). A biological factor has a big part in shaping physical development. Males and females are born with distinctive sexual organs, these differences emerge around puberty. Hormones are responsible for the appearance of these physical differences. Too much androgen plays a major part in a male or female. Boys that have an excess amount of androgens tend to be fine and behave normally. Girls on the other hand are a different story; they tend...
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... 3 2. Introduction 3 3 Relating Emotions and Identity and Change 4 3.1 Emotions and Identity connection 4 3.2 Continuous Change Challenges Identities 5 3.3 Identity Work and Emotion in Change 6 3.4 Organizational change and Emotions 7 4. Counter Productive Emotion Management 8 4.1 Display Rules 8 4.2 Change Roles and Obligations 9 4.3 Interpersonal Influence 9 5. Guidelines for managing emotions during change 9 6. Discussion 10 7. Conclusion 11 8. References 12 Abstract Change is endemic. It is rapid, and often has significant implications. Change has become the norm rather than the exception, leading organizations through fundamental change processes still poses a major challenge to management. Emotional reactions are often viewed as one of the obstacles to successful change. In this paper I re-conceptualize the emotional experience of change through an identity lens, guided by the question of how and why organizational changes tend to be experienced emotionally. Firstly, I argue that continuous organizational changes are experienced emotionally. Secondly, I view identity as constructed from experiences relating a person to his/her world. I argue that organizational change alters such relationships which form our identity. And third I assume that as outcome of such disruptive changes, individuals engage in identity work in order to incorporate ongoing emotional experiences into...
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...Running Head: GENDER IDENTITY AND SEXUALITY Gender Identity and Sexuality Table of Contents Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………..3 Gender Identity and Sexuality……………………………………………………….. References………………………………………………………………………………….. Abstract Sexuality and gender identify are two separate terms but they relate to each other very much. Sexuality is anything that relates to sex. It includes birth control, abortion, our bodies, our gender and gender identity. Understanding how teens think about their sexuality helps us understand what they are going though as young adults. Gender Identity has changed in the last ten year. What is gender identity? It is the way we look at ourselves or how other people look at us. Some teens may be confused of what their sexual orientation is. And what is a counselor’s role to helping them out. Some teen may be unsure of their gender identity, if they are supposed to feel a certain way to the opposite sex or the same sex. Is TV and media persuading them that they have to be a certain way? In this paper I will tie to the two together. First a person has to be aware of their sexuality. Sex and Gender will also be explained. Even though they are the same they can be defined very different. Culture also plays a major part in sexuality, cultures such as Asians, Blacks, Whites and Latinos. Each culture handles sexuality different. Research includes exploring that many avenues of each culture. Introduction Human being are divers...
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...background shouldn't have been surprising. Many multiracial historical figures in the U.S. have been reduced (or have reduced themselves) to a single aspect of their racial identities: Booker T. Washington, Tina Turner, and Greg Louganis are three examples. This phenomenon isn't entirely pernicious; it is at least partly rooted in our concern that growing up with a fractured identity is hard on kids. The psychologist J.D. Teicher summarized this view in a 1968 paper: "Although the burden of the Negro child is recognized as a heavy one, that of the Negro-White child is seen to be even heavier." But new research says this old, problematized view of multiracial identity is outdated. In fact, a new paper in the Journal of Social Issues shows that multiracial adolescents who identify proudly as multiracial fare as well as — and, in many cases, better than — kids who identify with a single group, even if that group is considered high-status (like, say, Asians or whites). This finding was surprising because psychologists have argued for years that mixed-race kids will be better adjusted if they pick a single race as their own. The population of multiracial kids in the U.S. has soared from approximately 500,000 in 1970 to more than 6.8 million in 2000, according to Census data quoted in this pdf. In the early years, research on these kids highlighted their difficulties: the disapproval they faced from neighbors and members of their extended families; the sense that they weren't "full" members...
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...Course Title: Thesis Paper A Research Paper on “How brand elements influence the consumers’ purchase intention of a brand: A study on Horlicks and GlaxoSmithKline” Prof. Dr. Md. Masudur Rahman Professor Department of Marketing University of Dhaka Prof. Dr. Md. Masudur Rahman Professor Department of Marketing University of Dhaka Prepared For: Anisur Rahman ChowdhuryRoll-117, Section A18th batchDepartment of MarketingUniversity of Dhaka | Prepared By: Submission Date: 31 March, 2016 Letter of Transmittal March 30, 2016 Prof. Dr. Masudur Rahman Professor Department of Marketing University of Dhaka Subject: A Research Paper on “How brand elements influence the consumers’ purchase intention of a brand: A study on Horlicks and GlaxoSmithKline” Dear Sir, This is an immense pleasure to submit my thesis paper on A Research Paper on “How brand elements influence the consumers’ purchase intention of a brand: A study on Horlicks and GlaxoSmithKline” as a partial fulfillment of BBA program. I hope this paper is informative and comprehensive as per your instruction. Here, I have worked with the consumer of “Horlicks” and tried to analyze their feedback to find out the impact of brand elements of “Horlicks & GlaxoSmithKline” on their purchase intention of Horlicks. Now, I am very grateful to you for your valuable supervision, precious time, effort and support throughout...
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...this “deviance” results in “spoiled identity.” (Bios Sociologicus:) Singling people out as different devalues their social position. This idea of stigma focused on the social/psychological processes of being stigmatized and the consequences of stigma. Using a variety of qualitative methods, Goffman developed classifications of the different elements of social interaction. (Goffman E. 1971) Goffman made contributions to the related fields of the sociology of mental illness and the sociology of stigma. Goffman defined a stigma as a ‘deeply discrediting’ attribute in the context of a set of relationships. He distinguished three types: abominations of the body, blemishes of character and tribal stigmata. (Bios Sociologicus:) Goffman knew that the handling of possibly damaging information was critical for three aspects of our identity: “the ‘personal’, the ‘social’ and the ‘ego”. (Tarwireyi F.) Our personal identity is what makes each of us unique and it consists of fingerprints of our life histories. Our identity is what others understand about us. Our ego identity refers to what we think about ourselves. In one part of Stigma Goffman suggested that we are all, to some degree, stigmatized. (Bios Sociologicus:) There is a huge amount of inequalities in health that we see within and between countries. There currently is a spread of over 48 years in the life expectancy between the countries of Uganda and Japan. (www.who.int) Much of research identifies social factors at the...
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